Intro to Tourism & HospitalityChapter 1

Copyright

Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality in BC by Morgan Westcott, Editor, (c) Capilano University is used under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.

This chapter is by Morgan Westcott and is used under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.

Learning Outcomes

Specify the commonly understood definitions of tourism and tourist

Classify tourism into distinct industry groups using North American Industry Classification Standards (NAICS)

Define hospitality

Gain knowledge about the origins of the tourism industry

Learning Outcomes

Provide an overview of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism worldwide

Understand the history of tourism development in Canada and British Columbia

Analyze the value of tourism in Canada and British Columbia

Identify key industry associations and understand their mandates

What is Tourism?

What is a Tourist?

Domestic

Inbound

Outbound

(UNWTO, 1995)

Figure 1.1: Nelson, BC

NAICS Classifications

Accommodations

Food and Beverage

Recreation and Entertainment

Transportation

Travel Services

(Government of Canada, 2013)

What is Hospitality?

Food and Beverage

Accommodations

“The business of helping people feel welcome and relaxed and enjoy themselves”

(Discover Hospitality, 2015)

Figure 1.2: Students attending a conference

Origins of Tourism

Historically, travel for leisure was reserved for the elite

“Grand Tour”, religious pilgrimages

“Hospitality” first appeared in print in the 14th century, “Tourist” in the 17th

Cox and Kings, first travel agency, founded in 1758

Thomas Cook, first leisure travel agency, 1841

Origins of Tourism

Rail travel popular

Automobile touring at turn of the century

1952 first commercial air flights launched from London to South Africa and Sri Lanka

1950s Club Med launched

1960s jet age and mass tourism

2000s start of internet age

Major Disruptions to Tourism

World War I

Great Depression

World War II

September 11, 2001 (9/11)

War in Iraq

SARS, BSE, West Nile, Ebola

Economic Impacts

In 2011 international tourism receipts over $1 trillion (UNWTO 2012)

Tourism can help build struggling, developing economies

Tourism is an EXPORT industry

Social Impacts

Increase in amenities

Investment in arts/culture

Celebration of indigenous culture

Community pride

All if developed conscientiously (UNEP, 2003a)

Figure 1.3: a First Nations sculpture at VIU

Social Impacts

Changes or loss of indigenous identity and values

Culture clashes

Physical causes of social stress (increased demand for resources)

Ethical issues (sex tourism, exploitation of children)

(UNEP, 2003a)

Environmental Impacts

Depletion of natural resources (water, forests, etc.)

Pollution (air, noise, sewage, waste, littering)

Physical impacts (construction activities, marina development, trampling, loss of biodiversity)

Contribution to climate change (air travel)

(UNEP, 2003b)

Origins of Tourism in Canada

Dawn of railway age 1830s

Brewsters tours in 1892

First road trip across Canada in 1912

1935 Quebec spent $250,000 on tourism promotions

Trans-Canada Highway opened in 1962

Figure 1.4: Canadian Pacific Railway

Origins of Tourism in Canada

Air Canada formed 1937

1885 Banff Canada’s First national park

1970s national parks system established

SARS 2003

Tourism earned $78.8 billion in 2011

Tourism in Canada recently on the decline

Origins in BC

CPR opened Hotel Vancouver in 1887

1937 Bureau of Industrial and Tourist Development started

1954 Vancouver hosted British Empire Games

1961 Chairlift opens on Tod Mountain (Sun Peaks)

1970 Hotel Room Tax Act

1978 Construciton on Whistler Village

EXPO ‘86

Coquihalla opens 1990

2003 win the bid

2010 Games

Tourism in BC Today

In 2012, generated $13.5 billion in revenue in BC

18,000 businesses

127,000 people employed

Are we diverse or fragmented?

Figure 1.5: Vancouver 2010 Games

Conclusion

Complex set of industries from accommodation to travel services

Tourism is large in scope and contributes significantly to global, national, local economies

Our job to learn and share about the value of tourism

Figure 1.6: Canadian Tourism College

References

Brewster Travel Canada. (2014). About Us – Brewster History. Retrieved from http://www.brewster.ca/corporate/about-brewster/brewster-history/

Canadian Geographic. (2000, September). Flying through time: Canadian aviation history. Retrieved from http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/so00/aviation_history.asp

Chaney, Edward. (2000). The evolution of the grand tour: Anglo-Italian cultural relations since the Renaissance. Portland OR: Routledge.

Cox & Kings. (2014). About us – History. Retrieved from http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history

Dawson, Michael. (2004). Selling British Columbia: Tourism and consumer culture, 1890-1970. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.

Discover Hospitality. (2015). What is hospitality? Retrieved from http://discoverhospitality.com.au/what-is-hospitality/

References

Flightglobal. (2002). Sixty years of the jet age. Retrieved from http://www.flightglobal.com/features/jet-age/

Globe and Mail, The. (2014, March 28). Ten things you don’t know about Air Canada. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/travel-news/10-things-you-likely-dont-know-about-air-canada/article17725796/?page=all

Government of Canada. (2013, July 5). Appendix E: Tourism industries in the human resource module. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/13-604-m/2013072/appe-anne-eng.htm

Griffiths, Ralph, Griffiths, G. E. (1772). Pennant’s tour in Scotland in 1769. The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal XLVI: 150. Retrieved from Google Books.

Gyr, Ueli. (2010, December 3). The history of tourism: Structures on the path to modernity. European History Online (EHO). Retrieved from http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/the-history-of-tourism

Latin definition for hospes, hospitis. (2014).In Latdict – Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources. Retrieved from http://www.latin-dictionary.net/definition/22344/hospes-hospitis

References

Library and Archives Canada. (n.d.). Ties that bind: Essay. A brief history of railways in Canada. Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/trains/021006-1000-e.html

MacEachern, A. (2012, August 17). Goin’ down the road: The story of the first cross-Canada car trip. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/goin-down-the-road-the-story-of-the-first-cross-canada-car-trip/article4487425/

Magnes, W. (2010, May 26). The evolution of British Columbia’s tourism regions: 1970-2010. Retrieved from http://linkbc.ca/siteFiles/85/files/LinkBCMagnesPaper2011.pdf

PricewaterhouseCooopers, LLC. (2009). Opportunity BC 2020: Tourism sector. Prepared for the BC Business Council. Retrieved from http://www.bcbc.com/content/558/2020_200910_Mansfield_Tourism.pdf

Thomas Cook Group of Companies. (2014). Thomas Cook history. Retrieved from http://www.thomascook.com/thomas-cook-history/

Tourism Industry Association of BC. (2014). Value of tourism toolkit: Why focus on the value of tourism? Retrieved from http://www.tiabc.ca/value-of-tourism-toolkit

Tourism Industry Association of Canada. (2014, October 14). Travel industry poised to boost Canadian exports: US market and border efficiencies central to growth potential. Retrieved from http://tiac.travel/cgi/page.cgi/_zine.html/TopStories/Travel_Industry_Poised_to_Boost_Canad

References

Tourism Industry Association of Canada, HLT Advisory. (2012). The Canadian tourism industry: A special report. Retrieved from http://www.hlta.ca/reports/The_Canadian_Tourism_Industry_-_A_Special_Report_Web_Optimized_.pdf

United Nations and World Tourism Organization. (1995). Recommendations on tourism statistics. Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/newsletter/unsd_workshops/tourism/st_esa_stat_ser_M_83.pdf

United Nations Environment Programme. (2003a). Negatives Socio-cultural impacts from tourism. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/Socio-CulturalImpacts/NegativeSocio-CulturalImpactsFromTourism/tabid/78781/Default.aspx

United Nations Environment Programme. (2003b). Tourism’s three main impact areas. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/TheTourismandEnvironmentProgramme/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EnvironmentalImpacts/TourismsThreeMainImpactAreas/tabid/78776/Default.aspx

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2008). Understanding tourism: Basic glossary. Retrieved from http://media.unwto.org/en/content/understanding-tourism-basic-glossary

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2012, May 7). International tourism receipts surpass US$ 1 trillion in 2011. Retrieved from http://media.unwto.org/en/press-release/2012-05-07/international-tourism-receipts-surpass-us-1-trillion-2011

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2014a). UNWTO world tourism barometer, 12 (1). Retrieved from http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_barom14_04_august_excerpt_0.pdf

Attributions

Figure 1.1 Selkirk College and Nelson by LinkBC is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 1.2 Capilano University’s Team by LinkBC is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 1.3 Vancouver Island University by LinkBC is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 1.4 Canadian Pacific 4-4-0 A-2-m No 136 by Peter Broster is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 1.5 Switzerland vs. Canada by s.yume is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.

Figure 1.6 CTC’s Boardroom by LinkBC is used under a CC-BY 2.0 license.