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t NOTICE: WVHEN GOVERNMElNT OR OTHE R DRAWING t SPECIFICATIONS OR', OTHlER D %TA ARE USED FOR ANY PUR POSE OTHE&I THAN IN CONNECTION

WITH A D) : FINITELY RELATED GOVERNkINT PROCUREP,1"NT OPERATIC-Li,THE U. S. GOVERNMENT THEREBY INCURS NO RESPONSIBILITY,. NOR ANYOBLIGATION WHATSOE VER; AND THE FACT THAT THE GOVERNMENTMAY

, HAVE FO.t-MULATED, FURNISHEDI OR IN ANY WAY SUPPLIED THE BA1IDDOTINC, SPECIFICATIONST OR OTHER DATA IS NOT TO BE REGARDED BYIMPLCA - ON OR OTHERWISE AN Y MA NER LICE NSHNG THE HOLDEROR ANY C'IIER PERSON OR CORPORATION) OR CONVEYG ANY RIGHTS OlPERMISS1 N TO MVUFACTURE. USE OR SELL ANY PATENTED INVENTION

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A HOLDED SKIN SIUL T MATERIA L 1 I(2 UETMAID OPTICAL CONSTANTS APMOMIATIIIOBE

Lab. Project 5O6-38, Part 10SFinal Reportzls 081-003.

Teohnical ObectIve ,,-TAFS','P-10"/ ,o-----,..f '. ,- -

23 Augst 1956

Ibiph C. Kaggl

Optics and gueleemIcs B'achJ. i. Hcreevys H~ead

Superintending Engineer The Dfrectai0EO. J. D.jHIMK CAPTAtlm A. B. JONES, Jr. iSK

NAVAL MATERIAL LABORA1IMW1w York Naval Shipyard

Brook3y Is lew York

UNCLASSIFIED

Th3 OF OTI

' SWZHAIW, .. A1a1..

A!DIIIS2TLflVE INFOW~&2OW

AOKNW1LEDQHI3N

INTR1ODUCTION

PHMICAL MACTE S1CS OF AN IDEAL SKIN SmUAUT 5FARICATIC OF TE ML 15 Sil S3mULAN5

PROOF-,STING OF TB WML S SK*r( SMLAW

APPLICA' 0NS OF THE ML 16& KI SMUT 6

U" FI( IEM

1 - Dies f or Molding RUB ES Skin S4=1a49

2 - Temperature-time Histories of -kin ad, IBS Skint. - Simulnt

1 - Molding Materials and Equipment Used In the Fabri.cation of MLL BS Skin SiAulut,

2 - Ve KPO of Selected Material compostilon employedIn NHL Skin Simulant, fevelopsnt,

Lob. Project~ 5046-3* Par 20

Final Report

AMMaTltAWMv ZWUKffCW

's Via investigationa is vart of the gneal lewml Radiation hpgaa owl.ginally yroposed by =M1KAVSMRPM co ltr s9/Ij, Ser 96.92, of 3S Mar3950 and foally approved by BJSHIPS restr spdltr 599-(0)(348), Bar 3875,of 6 Apt 1950. go generA 1hraai Radiation program In mdsr t1e sueof the Armed Ferces Special Weapons Pr@jeet.

go Nava Naai taa a QaML) use crV4~ 4 t" mloap t ofaphysial method for evaluating protection afforded by clothing iader Intaradiation at a moting at APUS on 24 June 1952. fht request fcc this develop.ment vas formalized by APSWP conf t? MS 000.9 of 28 August 19M. At the ca-ference of 24 June 1952 arwangements were made for the cooperatin of the Atmd *Energy Project, Uveraity of Rochester School of Kedicine and Surger7& to ob.tain burn data for use in the developo t of the skin si ulaai t the Naval Ma-

~teria Laboratory.

3. The thermal radiation research and development program Is und the directionof To. l Monhm supervior of the Optics Ses~ion of the Naval Material, abo-rtory. The develupmnt of tha M BS LUX SMRWT for se In the study of b mbehind fabrics was achieved through the combined efforts of the persos a ot theTlhormal Radiation Ptysioa Unit and the Tbental Radiation Materials Unit, head*4l respectively# by if* Lo Da~rken and Re Co Made To.D. Mturtha, W Pe DK&Wy .and T. B. (lhoolay performed the validation everineut = comptations.

4os A tiscusin of t.e DoL r icn all .t C yo.rea and t h assoc d th. oDekeal .considerations have been presented in previous Laboratory reporW#4* In ViLts

early search for a adequate akin substitute* organic tissue (meat) was employedin cof ljctin with certain fabric studies on the protection afforded by heat-treated Orio.3 ihe inherint disadvanvages of meat tissue are its poor handlingqualities Aid unknoim variations of plaical properties with storage time. Ihesedeficioncis were overcome through the adoptv of black polyethylene, on oganictinioplastic mate ral, as a akin si ant* AlthouEh the polyetq3one was modi-

wtied ih a coating4 to match mr closely the optical constants of akin and proved ,vatiafactorr in many applioations, it was deemed desirable to have a substance .whce optical end thermal constants match as closely as possible those of akin.To obtin a highr dsnaity acr conductivity than those of polyethylene, metalfillors wtre incorporated into phenols urea &nd mlamine formaldehyde toyps of ,roldin rasine, Various rdxturos were made which gave the proper thermal response, FHowvir, the copper mnd ina filors rendered the substance opaque and unlike skinvtical2,v Inorganic fillars such as quartz, tale, kaolin, sinc oxide and silica,

fi ~~ r~ro s u-1 utited fcw tin noa filler* Each of these f illers vas ortdined withvarious veight porcentagoo of each of the formaldehyde condensaticn-type moldingmatcriale. Although several filler-rosin mixtvres were made having thermal proper-ties umilar to those of Okins the silica-mrea formaldehyde (40-60 composition)Vws selected as the one which satisfied most of the required phyical constantsand other properties.

- OS *SC. tr -- AS Crc a .q.,. angu

LA mPre to =16-3 xP t 0 ~tbcb S Udrfai

* ~ ~ , th bai nto ulc kma lt be aiyesedS o kg I.era athama aati be m a

witaS tote ing adiist U tP ~ .ncsay fu opca acn tb ontuat ne&U oat cut rslt f theaowps dsgrdties a ofs cout and eitemal

surfaces hiebly polished to ahtaft Smooft faces against iCh M.e plced that-mally MOMliti indicating POPers 1Ir use ft field enauress asn materiashould ithstand blast and mobunsa sook ad be suffl4ent3y hard to resistposetration of dust and ote blast drivui particles. Th basic Ingredisite

molding mtrials xast be readi3, oaibl dofIw Purity andm position and be adaptable to the mual lA 01to7 ALXIng grndifg Sid MOlMnoperations, Us. WL ES skin elmloat satisfies all at the above riremei~nts 5f I ,:ed cap be eai3 reproduced by otber laboratories and ocwi@L ad.Ulesrs

IPABRMCAIC OF ELM 18 8K1 $3WAN

6. TMe basis molding materialesuad equipment voed In the fabricatom of theakin slaulat ane described In Tatle U. For a 20 gram, epeoinsi, 22 gsis ofresin ad 8 grams of silica. Nlle ure required. A batch of 1. amien In a ~quart Sar is mIcal and bell-odled for apRoaxinately cae hour. Wxi Is suffi-cieat material to make five 20-prea piecesp each measuring 3a$ an In diameterand app xitcy ;, cm thick. itis weighed mixzture (20 pans) in placed In apreheated (275-290 1) pmesa and twlded at this taiperattwe for 10-% minutes

vador a prisare of 3500 to 3.2D0 pi* ft pressure In maintained uitdl thepreps cools to about 100 7.% ~ota tin. from chAwging tQ ramoval -is about2uwgicaX speolum mounting pess with l-2)km diimeter standard mold di~i.Aditional dies rade In the Itaterial lAboratcry we shos In Figure I& Pro-

* i~roldso using a l-l/1I' nold acs~ibly and a cold prossv hmv been used as the Acbnrga for molding $.nserts and standard screw treads to uhich xaj be addedbindinig posts for thomoovqbv=Uztn*. ft moled specimets although hardand abrasive to~ tooles, have, vith am$ beeant, drilled, tapped ad saidad

*toa clasyfinish.

* 7. in order to validate the p1waloal skin sinulant It mes necssar to c-pare its thcntal and eptical constants ith tose of eCun under 1.6mnticn. mp.O=nre nditions. %as equatIons of Diatta veve wsed to calculato ths kpoproduact (spadcii thormal conductiity x density x spcific beat) of A~dr. endtho glim+ fro= tha teor.atrzr ise nzximz-A at the aiwface e3 indicated bya fine vire thexuoccuplee Buttawr' e~ressies for this product is

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k- qPeWSiO Ibumal co ativity in ~a

V P- t1 (ee)

ft p o fo toe n hema optical connt h e dtemie

copsiin we lis tedI avi2t~ Dotareuto - m

zab e 0 -m. m;

wesrai oneThesity uses gaphitic m latlomiu *,n-wt a

sopani A) of 0 (9a).

, G - uae~l teatw zi Sn ( C

Ipo Apredsod f ed to alidat the ophical sonatan wav toeomarthe tepesawrdy a riL6e ofw sp a~ okin am-hesmat ztter b depo

ofeahmdu eida pqeeoNjon n-is j-w*eo mthe rl

faeo U ant . Tpcltmetr-ie hiiO' uses frqwstatiw

b.lakend methoad usaked ovlidae theoed aliync zlt Incncs to c plepnfl

th tnp r.t~o hita of ki and' mh (,uMt ticdb xp6@

hieed in 2 lc0e mcvrdi

9.Although emphasis In placed on the aimulant's use as aPLCAIM OF=I ~SI DJAsb-fabric buIn di-

1k' cater in protection atudlesl th-. hberoset skin simulat =7y also be tmploysd. In

inveatications to determine the interrelation of envrmtsI, source and materialparameters associated vith insvlts of -radiant thermal qaergy on organi", naterWISiJ

tAs a backing, for heat-reflcctin,; fabrics, rubberized c2=hs# fleproced materi-

ala and special coatinga, the s'Lmant wi~th its Integrated themocouple .i~q be used

AeA

ealue Haki si ande eue in . cl+on icttc wt taJ e n o ndicatr aprsace J

wi the te ~uinul-t bc hin ituies i n helminai t.h ned of ae In- e8troaic p.bhn moau /t ~n ievz.",eopeo h 8 -

" ed mApproved:2

111. DirerF m-to

6 1*

i: 9 Athoghemhais n laedon hesiJlat~ ue s asu-f1 ic t~ id I_- cato_-- --ete___o _ _________ oe sl iml t a ls e poe i

7. rs Zab Leat W6. Put bpu' 42, I. a3~~

T~~~~~~~~b-~rteto $r~c O-6Pr 4 d $5 b -e3. Waal Xatmla Latmaitouy, Rsseerob Repoet on thA Relativisoe otAgalnft Radiation Bgi Provided PI Ueat-Trested Orlai. Lab. Project ~I4Part 20, AX49. Ime2

I. aval Katerla TAbwory* Ieew Report ca a Review of the DMIGIqautof a atic le Skin Slaulant for 3Ivalatlug Sub-Fabria 72ash ft3.

Bm ~tta, tot ff.tt of Izrme Beat ad Oo14 oNm Skin# m1~~of Tuperatwe Chnges; Caused IV mlfforont Kiada of Beat Applicatigns J.Appi. Phroiao 3& 6A93,03 1o

6.Hardy J, Do SsyW reiew of the Ifluemoe of 70aemal Radiatio n mSkinp U& So Saul Air Develomot O~nter Report Has VM!AD-Mti$, November

1& Hardyj 7. Do Meauemients of Soas !Unomal Properti a of IWaa TissuesV. So Naval Air Dovelojuiet Center Report No* RKDC41L4-.05 Aril 19!04

8. aval Natrital Laborator Reseax-*.Report on Mwe 7Thro mal.ConUci*man Diatbrancy of Rom Sin For Flash DWm Studies. Labe Project %)16.3#3Part 81, August I9M.

77)

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)[M=(O NAT!2~IA18 MD 3QUi1UN? WED IN MAN13ACTM Wl FI #

Beetle Nolding Resin i '

Flim very softBatch IX-299

sqwliwi American CywAdACoo

Silica ±020541141Popla 906Formula 0t

Type Floated PowderNosh Aot 4Cat* No* S-153

Fishier Scitfic C00

r~ Z s e e r d a of A merican C~ M M 8A l-Pha 01 3 16 ea IW9 0

b~d Hopr~aii Rdesin.I'

Mold izes1-1/" wA1-lAO asem eNameAD PEEDP1=No. 1330Sw~uer w~er M .vanston$ Ml.

(bfoe operpating) N002'Wire Diameter (00oe2ope

(after copper plating) .093%BW. onstant 27 MSupplier Wilbin B. Driver 00.

~ateia1 ~bow~r* ~tib. "rject "Ak-38 part 1(0

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THE KPC OF SErLTW C ATM Mma- caon'.otiO? m l E Iw-- -i~sxtr slmWA?? WV WNI

rolding Usft

cent cent KPG(BY (By ccF aw Te.1Y

Resin) Fll er wt,) ,Ia ,)

Dake Ite l -- 9 13 IM ~(4)

Kaol. 401 100 ---- 1.2 1.47 14300 3 0 30

Beetl C-509 100 -5.8 1.40 000 340 1.0

Beetle 0-509 75 Quarts Powder 25 8.5 1.60 000 230

Betie C-509 75 kolite ,, 25 7.5 1.53 40 220 30

Beetle c-509 75 Copper Dust 25 9 1.96 3-4000 250 8

Beetlo NUP-32 100- - 5.3 1.46 4M 270 10

Beetle HUP-32 75 silica iloat. 25 6.3 1.65 4 000 270 30ed Powder

Beetle jIUP-32 60 Silica 'Float- 40 8.5 1.82 4000 270 10ed Powder

Beetle mLUP-32 50 Zinc Oxide 50 8 2.35 3-4000 22S 6

Beetle 1iUP-32 50 Quartz Powder 25) 9 2.18 3-4000 22S 8 4'OZinc Odde 25

- 9 (5)Hardyk Huma Skin - (6)HumnSkin 8.6 ." Naval aterial lab* A1) E. I. dupont de Nnours & Co., Inc., lilmingtons Del.2) Trade nane for phenol-formaldehydo molding compomds mfCg by Bakelit

Co., Neu York, I. Y.(3) Tade nme for melamine-formaldehyde molding compomids mfg- by AmerciU

Cyanamid Co., New York, !i. Y.(4) Trade name for urea.-formaldehyde molding compounds m g. by Ameri.

Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.

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