in planning effective curriculum, the objectives of different courses of study are to be clearly...
TRANSCRIPT
Formulating objectives, general
and specific
In planning effective curriculum, the objectives of different courses of study are to be clearly defined and laid down, so that courses are well guided
Before formulating the objectives of nursing educational program, the needs of learners, organization, society, community and nation to be considered
The result sought by the learner at the end of the educational program, ie, what the students should be able to do at the end of a learning period, that they could not do beforehand - J J Guilbert
Desired end results or goals are expected or anticipated end results
The statement of those changes in behavior which are desired as a result of specific learner and teacher activity which is a two way process.
Definition
To prepare the nurses for rendering community services through primary health
To prepare nurses for providing care at institutional level
To prepare nurse educators to handle teaching learning situations in all clinical areas
Purposes in nursing education
Conative(practical
skills)
Affective (communication
skill)
Cognitive(knowledg
e)
Domains of educational taxonomy
Recall of facts Interpretation of data Problem solving
Levels of cognitive domain
Imitation Control Automatism
Levels of conative domain
Receptivity or attention Response internalization
Levels of affective domain
The 5 levels of Bloom's taxonomy are:
Knowledge and Comprehension This is the lowest level on Bloom's cognitive domain. It is associated with the recall of information, knowledge of subject matter as well as understanding basic facts.
Taxonomy of educational objectives
Application Application relates to the using and applying of information.
Problem solving methods are utilized and information is recorded, reported and manipulated.
Taxonomy of educational objectives
Analysis Analysis specifically refers to the identification of patterns and the organization of ideas.
It is strongly linked to the recognition of meaning. There is an emphasis towards examination, classification, investigation and comparison of ideas.
Taxonomy of educational objectives
Synthesis Synthesis focuses strongly on the creation of new ideas and the concept of invention, imagining, prediction, estimating, modifying, inferential thinking and hypothesizing. Ideas are combined and new concepts emerge.
Evaluation Evaluation is the highest order of thinking on the taxonomy. It involves the assessing of theories, the use of higher order reasoning skills and the comparison, judgment and evaluation of ideas.
By using Bloom's Taxonomy as a guide, one is assured of an upward movement from lower level recall of information (Knowledge and Comprehension) to higher level synthesis and evaluation.
Level 1 - Knowledge (Memory) This level includes definitions, terms, categories, and "boomerang-
back" information. Level 2 - Comprehension This level includes interpretation, putting ideas in one's own words. Level 3 - Application This level involves using knowledge to solve problems when no
directions or methods are specified. Level 4 - Analysis This level involves the ability to outline major points, to break down
material into its component parts. Level 5 - Synthesis This level involves putting together the parts to form something that is
new. Level 6 - Evaluation This level involves the ability to make a judgment based on criteria.
Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain
Verbs using levels of understanding for use in formulating questions for oral or written use or for stating learning objectives arranged according to Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain.
KNOWLEDGE The student recalls or recognizes information. define, name, memorize repeat, label, record list, recall, relate
Verbs in the Cognitive Domain
COMPREHENSION The student changes information into a
different symbolic form/language. restate, report, express describe, tell, locate explain, discuss, review identify, recognize translate, interpret
Verbs in the Cognitive Domain
APPLICATION The student solves a problem by using the
knowledge and appropriate generalizations. apply, show, illustrate use, demonstrate, schedule practice, dramatize, employ operate
ANALYSIS The student separate information into
component parts. distinguish, debate, compare differentiate, question, diagram calculate, solve, inspect test, analyze, inventory contract, appraise, relate criticize, experiment, examine
SYNTHESIS The student solves a problem by putting
information together that requires original, creative thinking.
compose, set up, collect propose, manage, create formulate, plan, organize assemble, design, prepare construct, arrange
EVALUATION The student makes qualitative and
quantitative judgments according to set standards.
estimate, value, measure evaluate, predict, select/choose compare, appraise, assess score, rate
condition
Criterian/levelBehavior
Components of a complete statement of objectives
Health needs/ demands of society Services to the patient Services to the community The profession itself The students Progress in sciences Scientific methods Statement of school’s philosophy Levels of professional competencies to be
attained
Data required for formulation of educational objectives
Student’s background, level of education Statutory minimum requirements Teaching, physical and clinical resources
available Future demands on nursing Expected responsibilities for different
nursing positions
Educational objectives
Types of educational objectives
Correspond to the functioning of the types of health personnel trained in an establishment
The course objectives must be in harmony with general curriculum objectives of program of school
Eg: providing preventive and curative care to the individual and the community in health and sickness
General objectives or professional functions
It is made possible by breaking down general objectives into components, which together indicate the nature of those functions
Eg: planning and carrying out blood sampling session for a group of adults in community
Intermediate objectives or professional activities
The graduate of nursing program will be prepared to function as generalist with beginning competencies in a specialized area of nursing
Eg: the graduate will be prepared to function in a variety of settings and be able to obtain health histories and make health assessments
Institutional objectives
Instructional objectives are descriptions of performance the instruction is expected to produce
Specific or instructional objectives
Relevant Logical Unequivocal Feasible Observable measurable
Qualities of specific objectives
Behavioral terms Reflect the condition Reflect the standard Reasonable in number of behavioral
changes expected Consistent with unit theme Relation to each other and unit Approximately of some level of generality
and specificity Distinctive and discriptive
Characteristics of specific objectives
Thank you