In Florida, unmarried women who parachute on Sundays can be jailed.

It is illegal for a cab in the City of London to carry rabid dogs or corpses.

In Oxford, Ohio, it is unlawful for a woman to appear in public while unshaven (This includes legs and face). Because, if you are caught, you can go to jail!

Phoenicians settled along the Mediterranean Sea and emerged as the most powerful Mediterranean merchants by 1,100 BCE.

Included a collection of wealthy city-states (never united) that served as important trading centers.

Phoenicians were known as excellent shipbuilders and seafarers - able to reach Britain to trade.

One of the great trading powers of the time in the Mediterranean Sea - traded wood, slaves, glass, iron, purple dye, hunting dogs

Established trading colonies throughout the region - Carthage in North Africa.

Best known for the development of the first alphabet - used symbols to represent sounds. Introduced to colonies and trading partners around the

Mediterranean Sea, helped make learning more accessible to all parts of society.

Basis for the Greek and later the Roman alphabets.

The success of Egypt depended on the Nile River - farming villages established along the Nile around 5,000 BCE.

United as one kingdom under Menes in 3,100 BCE.

Egyptian kings were known as pharaohs. People believed they were gods - caused the sun to

rise, Nile to flood, and crops to grow. Pharaohs created a strong centralized

government with a bureaucracy that included a large number of administrators to run departments.

Desert surrounding the Nile provided protection from invasion.

Created their own writing system - hieroglyphics.Used hieroglyphs, pictures that represented words,

sounds, and ideas. Egyptians believed in more than 2,000 gods and

an afterlife- Osiris (the god of death) judged whether those died would be rewarded with eternal life.

Upon dying, bodies were mummified to avoid decay and were buried with items that could be used in the afterlife (clothing, food, cosmetics, jewelry, etc.).

Built large pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and smaller tombs for lesser officials.

It is illegal to die in the Houses of Parliament.

In England, all men over the age of 14 must carry out two hours of longbow practice a day.

In Alabama, it is illegal for a driver to be blindfolded while driving a vehicle.

In Thailand, you must pay a fine of $600 if you're caught throwing away chewed bubble gum on the sidewalk. If you do not pay the fine, you are jailed.

Established in Nubia, south of Egypt (upper Nile River).

Controlled by Egypt for 1,000 years before eventually conquering Egypt around 750 BCE.

Emerged as a dominant trading nation along the Red Sea.

Known for their production of iron weapons as a result of the region being rich in iron-ore. The use of metal became

increasingly important in early civilizations for tools and weapons.

The Hebrew homeland was Canaan - part of Southern Palestine between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea.

The early history of the Hebrews is found in the Torah - the first five books of the Bible (Old Testament).

Hebrews believed that God chose Abraham to be the father of the Hebrew people around 2,000 BCE. Their religion became known as Judaism and the Hebrews the

Jewish people.

• Unlike other early civilizations that were polytheistic (belief in many gods), Judaism is monotheistic (belief in one god).– God known as Yaweh.– Judaism was the first monotheistic

religion.

• The Jewish people believed that God would protect them because Abraham promised his obedience in exchange for God’s protection - the covenant (holy agreement).

• Hebrew migrated to Egypt during a drought and were eventually forced into slavery.

• They fled Egypt between 1,300 and 1,200 BCE led by Moses - the exodus.

While wandering through the desert, Moses presented the a written code of laws to the Jewish people - the Ten Commandments. Serves as the moral and religious laws for the

Jewish people: Proclaims God as the only god. Provides laws against murder, adultery, stealing, and lying.

Viewed as a second covenant between the Jewish people and God.

Moses led them back to Canaan (the “Promised Land”), where they established the kingdom of Israel. Became united and expanded territory and

power under kings Saul, David, and Solomon.

As they became divided and lost power, the Jewish people were conquered several times - Assyrians, Babylonians, Alexander the Great, and Rome. The Jewish Diaspora - the scattering of the

Jewish people to other countries as a result of invasion.