s194d787ce4a7c1e9.jimcontent.com...ies benicalap pepe 14 introduction to communicate –...

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RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTTEEEDDD SSSPPPEEEEEECCCHHH

NEW EDITION (REVISED)

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RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTTEEEDDD SSSPPPEEEEEECCCHHH

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IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN

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IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN TO COMMUNICATE – COMMUNICATION

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IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN TO COMMUNICATE – COMMUNICATION TO TRANSMIT – TRANSMISSION

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TO BREATHE – BREATH

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TO REPORT – REPORT

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TO REPORT – REPORT (to inform)

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TO SPEAK – SPEECH (what you say when you speak)

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Example of speech: “We like pizza”

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, …

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now.

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now. You inform about what somebody said (or spoke)

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now. You inform about what somebody said (or spoke) = You inform about that speech

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now. You inform about what somebody said (or spoke) = You inform about that speech = you report that speech

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now. You inform about what somebody said (or spoke) = You inform about that speech = you report that speech = you make a reported speech

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Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now. You inform about what somebody said (or spoke) = You inform about that speech = you report that speech = you make a RREEPPOORRTTEEDD SSPPEEEECCHH

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IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN ANSMIT – TRANSMISSION





Imagine that you heard this speech (“We like pizza”) last week, and you want to inform about it now. You inform about what somebody said (or spoke) = You inform about that speech = you report that speech = you make a RREEPPOORRTTEEDD SSPPEEEECCHH

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RREEPPOORRTTEEDD SSPPEEEECCHH

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RREEPPOORRTTEEDD SSPPEEEECCHH WHY DO WE SPEAK?

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RREEPPOORRTTEEDD SSPPEEEECCHH WHY DO WE SPEAK? 1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS /REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS /REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS /REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS /REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT … “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions, etc.

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions, etc.

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions, etc.

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1.- STATEMENTS

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1.- STATEMENTS Tom said: “I grow my own vegetables here”.

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Tom said (that)…

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Tom said (that)… ____ S

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Tom said (that)… ____ . S P

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Tom said (that)… V B ____ . S P

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Tom said this V Direct Object B ____ . S P

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Tom said (that)… V Direct Object B ____ . S P

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Tom said (that)… S P . V Direct Object B ____ . S P

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Tom said (that)…

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Tom said (that)…

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Tom said (that) he…

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Tom said (that) he grew…

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Tom said (that) he grew…

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Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables…

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Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables...

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Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables there.

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THREE CHANGES:

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS…

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS.

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence)

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence):

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there now then/in that moment

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there now then/in that moment this/these that/those

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there now then/in that moment this/these that/those tonight that night

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there now then/in that moment this/these that/those tonight that night next… the next/following… the … after

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there today that day now then/in that moment this/these that/those tonight that night next… the next/following… the … after

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there today that day now then/in that moment tomorrow the day after/ the following day/the next day this/these that/those tonight that night next… the next/following… the … after

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there today that day now then/in that moment tomorrow the day after/ the following day/the next day this/these that/those yesterday the day before/the previous day tonight that night next… the next/following… the … after

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there today that day now then/in that moment tomorrow the day after/ the following day/the next day this/these that/those yesterday the day before/the previous day tonight that night ago before next… the next/following… the … after

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence): here there today that day now then/in that moment tomorrow the day after/ the following day/the next day this/these that/those yesterday the day before/the previous day tonight that night ago before next… the next/following… last… the previous… the … after the … before

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence)

3

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1.- STATEMENTS Tom said: “I grow my own vegetables here”



3 TENSES

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1.- STATEMENTS 3 TENSES

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1.- STATEMENTS 3 TENSES Direct Speech

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1.- STATEMENTS 3 TENSES Direct Speech

Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”.

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1.- STATEMENTS 3 TENSES Direct Speech Reported Speech

Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”.

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Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”. Lisa thought they had to apologize.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

107



Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”. Lisa thought they had to apologize. Lisa said: “We may/might go”.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

108



Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”. Lisa thought they had to apologize. Lisa said: “We may/might go”. Lisa said they might go.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

109



Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”. Lisa thought they had to apologize. Lisa said: “We may/might go”. Lisa said they might go. Lisa said: “Mark, we can go”.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

110



Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running today”. Lisa declared () they had been running that day. Lisa complained: “You lied to us, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”. Lisa thought they had to apologize. Lisa said: “We may/might go”. Lisa said they might go. Lisa said: “Mark, we can go”. Lisa told Mark they could go.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

111




IES BENICALAP PEPE

112




IES BENICALAP PEPE

113



Lisa said: “He grows vegetables here”. Lisa said (that) he grew vegetables there. Lisa commented: “I am feeling fine now”. Lisa commented ( ) she was feeling fine then. Lisa said: “They have seen a film tonight”. Lisa said () they had seen a film that night. Lisa declared: “We have been running in the park”. Lisa declared () they had been running in the park. Lisa complained: “You lied to us yesterday, Mark”. Lisa complained to Mark he had lied to them the day before. Lisa said: “He was teaching me maths two days ago”. Lisa said he had been teaching her maths two days before. Lisa claimed: “Mark had finished at ten”. Lisa claimed Mark had finished at ten. Lisa pointed out: “They had been saving money”. Lisa pointed out they had been saving money. Lisa promised: “Rachel will/would release the film”.. Lisa promised Rachel would release the film that day. Lisa announced: “They will/would be meeting here”. Lisa announced they would be meeting there. Lisa said: “Sue will/would have arrived tomorrow”. Lisa said Sue would have arrived the day after. Lisa said: “I will/would have been training for a year”. Lisa said she would have been training for a year.. Lisa thought: “We must apologize”. Lisa thought they had to apologize. Lisa said: “We may/might go”. Lisa said they might go. Lisa said: “Mark, we can go”. Lisa told Mark they could go.

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114



grows grew am feeling was feeling have seen had seen

have been running had been running lied had lied

was teaching had been teaching had finished had finished

had been saving had been saving will/would release would release

will/would be meeting would be meeting will/would have arrived would have arrived

will/would have been training would have been training must apologize had to apologize may/might go might go

can go could go

IES BENICALAP PEPE

115



grows grew am feeling was feeling have seen had seen





will/would have been training would have been training must apologize had to apologize

may/might go might go can go could go

IES BENICALAP PEPE

116



grows Pres. Simple grew am feeling was feeling have seen had seen







IES BENICALAP PEPE

117



grows Pres. Simple Past Simple grew am feeling was feeling have seen had seen







IES BENICALAP PEPE

118



grows Pres. Simple Past Simple grew am feeling Pres. Cont. was feeling have seen had seen







IES BENICALAP PEPE

119



grows Pres. Simple Past Simple grew am feeling Pres. Cont. Past Cont. was feeling have seen had seen







IES BENICALAP PEPE

120



grows Pres. Simple Past Simple grew am feeling Pres. Cont. Past Cont. was feeling have seen Pres. Perf. had seen







IES BENICALAP PEPE

121



grows Pres. Simple Past Simple grew am feeling Pres. Cont. Past Cont. was feeling have seen Pres. Perf. Past Perf. had seen







IES BENICALAP PEPE

122




have been running Pres. Perf. Cont. had been running lied had lied






IES BENICALAP PEPE

123




have been running Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been running lied had lied






IES BENICALAP PEPE

124




have been running Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been running lied Past Simple had lied






IES BENICALAP PEPE

125




have been running Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been running lied Past Simple Past Perf. had lied






IES BENICALAP PEPE

126





was teaching Past Cont. had been teaching had finished had finished





IES BENICALAP PEPE

127





was teaching Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been teaching had finished had finished





IES BENICALAP PEPE

128





was teaching Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been teaching had finished Past Perf. had finished





IES BENICALAP PEPE

129





was teaching Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been teaching had finished Past Perf. Past Perf. had finished





IES BENICALAP PEPE

130






had been saving Past Perf. Cont. had been saving will/would release would release




IES BENICALAP PEPE

131






had been saving Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been saving will/would release would release




IES BENICALAP PEPE

132






had been saving Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been saving will/would release will/would would release




IES BENICALAP PEPE

133






had been saving Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. had been saving will/would release will/would would would release




IES BENICALAP PEPE

134







will/would be meeting will/would would be meeting will/would have arrived would have arrived



IES BENICALAP PEPE

135







will/would be meeting will/would would would be meeting will/would have arrived would have arrived



IES BENICALAP PEPE

136







will/would be meeting will/would would would be meeting will/would have arrived will/would would have arrived



IES BENICALAP PEPE

137







will/would be meeting will/would would would be meeting will/would have arrived will/would would would have arrived



IES BENICALAP PEPE

138








will/would have been training will/would would have been training must apologize had to apologize


IES BENICALAP PEPE

139








will/would have been training will/would would would have been training must apologize had to apologize


IES BENICALAP PEPE

140








will/would have been training will/would would would have been training must apologize must had to apologize


IES BENICALAP PEPE

141








will/would have been training will/would would would have been training must apologize must had to (must) had to apologize


IES BENICALAP PEPE

142









may/might go may/might might go can go could go

IES BENICALAP PEPE

143









may/might go may/might might might go can go could go

IES BENICALAP PEPE

144









may/might go may/might might might go can go can could go

IES BENICALAP PEPE

145









may/might go may/might might might go can go can could could go

IES BENICALAP PEPE

146



Pres. Simple Past Simple Pres. Cont. Past Cont. Pres. Perf. Past Perf. Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Simple Past Perf. Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Past Perf. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. will/would would will/would would will/would would will/would would must had to (must) may/might might can could

IES BENICALAP PEPE

147



Pres. Simple Past Simple Pres. Cont. Past Cont. Pres. Perf. Past Perf. Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Simple Past Perf. Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Past Perf. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. will/would would will/would would will/would would will/would would must had to (must) may/might might can could

IES BENICALAP PEPE

148



Pres. Simple Past Simple Pres. Cont. Past Cont. Pres. Perf. Past Perf. Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Simple Past Perf. Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Past Perf. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. will/would would must had to (must) may/might might can could

IES BENICALAP PEPE

149



Pres. Simple Past Simple Pres. Cont. Past Cont. Pres. Perf. Past Perf. Pres. Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Simple Past Perf. Past Cont. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Past Perf. Past Perf. Cont. Past Perf. Cont. will/would would must had to (must) may/might might can could

‘ONE TENSE BACK’

IES BENICALAP PEPE

150


1.- STATEMENTS

3 TENSES: ‘ONE TENSE BACK’

IES BENICALAP PEPE

151


1.- STATEMENTS THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’)

IES BENICALAP PEPE

152


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

153


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Tom said: “I grow my own vegetables here”.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

154



Tom said this. S V Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

155



Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P S V Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

156



Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P S V Direct Object B Tom said: “Mark, I grow my own vegetables here”.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

157


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Tom said: “I grow my own vegetables here”


Tom told Mark this.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

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Tom told Mark this. S V Indir.Obj. Direct Object .

IES BENICALAP PEPE

159




Tom told Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P S V Indir.Obj. Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

160



Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P Direct Object B Tom said: “Mark, I grow my own vegetables here”

Tom told Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

161



Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to say something Direct Object B Tom said: “Mark, I grow my own vegetables here”

Tom told Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P

IES BENICALAP PEPE

162




Tom told Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to tell something to somebody

IES BENICALAP PEPE

163




Tom told Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to tell something to somebody

IES BENICALAP PEPE

164



Tom said: Indirect Object unacceptable (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to say something Direct Object B Tom said: “Mark, I grow my own vegetables here”

Tom told: Indirect Object needed Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to tell something to somebody

IES BENICALAP PEPE

165



Tom said (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to say: Indirect Object unacceptable something Direct Object B Tom said: “Mark, I grow my own vegetables here”

Tom told Mark (that) he grew his own vegetables there. S P to tell: Indirect Object needed to somebody

IES BENICALAP PEPE

166


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, , Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

167


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

168


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, remark, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

169


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, remark, think, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

170


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, remark, think, complain, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

171


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, remark, think, complain, explain, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

172


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, remark, think, complain, explain, declare, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

173


1.- STATEMENTS REPORTING VERBS: Indirect Object unacceptable: say, point out, remark, think, complain, explain, declare,

state, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

174



state, protest, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

175



state, protest, claim, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

176



state, protest, claim, imply, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

177



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

178



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

179



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

180



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

181



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

182



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell

IES BENICALAP PEPE

183



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

184



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

185



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

186



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

187



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: Ex.: Tom said to Mark that he grew vegetables there.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

188



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: Ex.: Tom said to

IES BENICALAP PEPE

189



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to

IES BENICALAP PEPE

190



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

191



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

192



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

193



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

194




IES BENICALAP PEPE

195




IES BENICALAP PEPE

196




IES BENICALAP PEPE

197




IES BENICALAP PEPE

198




IES BENICALAP PEPE

199



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

200



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional: Ex.: Tom promised Mark (that) he would grow vegetables.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

201



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional: Ex.: Tom promised Mark (that) he would grow vegetables. Ex.: Tom promised (that) he would grow vegetables.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

202



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional: Ex.: Tom promised Mark (that) he grew vegetables there. Ex.: Tom promised (that) he grew vegetables there.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

203



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional: promise

IES BENICALAP PEPE

204



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional: promise, comment,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

205



state, protest, claim, imply, insinuate, confess, comment, joke, insist, etc. Indirect Object needed: tell, inform, advise, warn, etc. Indirect Object only acceptable with prep. to: say to, point out to, remark to, complain to, explain to, declare to, confess to, write to, comment to, (suggest to), etc. Indirect Object optional: promise, comment, announce, etc.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

206


1.- STATEMENTS SUMMARY:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

207



THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’)

IES BENICALAP PEPE

208



THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: say, tell, etc.

___________________________________________________________________

IES BENICALAP PEPE

209


1.- STATEMENTS “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-)

IES BENICALAP PEPE

210


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-)

IES BENICALAP PEPE

211


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’)

IES BENICALAP PEPE

212


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, ,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

213


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, enquire,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

214


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, enquire, wonder,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

215


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, enquire, wonder, would like to know,

IES BENICALAP PEPE

216


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, enquire, wonder, would like to know, want to know, etc.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

217


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2 types:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

218


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions

IES BENICALAP PEPE

219


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions Example:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

220


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions Example:Pam asked: “Mark, did you leave the boxes here yesterday?”

IES BENICALAP PEPE

221



Pam asked Mark if …

IES BENICALAP PEPE

222



Pam asked Mark if he had left the boxes there the day before. S P S V Indir.Obj. Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

223



Pam asked Mark if he had left the boxes there the day before. B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

224



Pam asked Mark if he had left the boxes there the day before. Pam asked Mark whether he had left the boxes there the day before. B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

225


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions Pam asked: “Mark, did you bring the boxes here yesterday?”

Pam asked Mark if he had brought the boxes there the day before. Pam asked Mark whether he had brought the boxes there the day before. B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

226


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether

IES BENICALAP PEPE

227


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

228


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: Examples:

IES BENICALAP PEPE

229


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: Examples:Pam asked: “What is your name?”

B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

230



Pam asked what S → P S V Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

231



Pam asked what his name was. S → P S V Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

232



Pam asked what his name was. NOT: *Pam asked what was his name. S → P S V Direct Object B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

233



Pam asked what his name was.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

234


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: Examples:Pam asked: “Mark, what did you say?”

Pam asked what his name was.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

235


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Examples:Pam asked what his name was.

IES BENICALAP PEPE

236


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked: “Who are you phoning, Mark?”

IES BENICALAP PEPE

237


2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked: “Who are you phoning, Mark?” Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. S → P B

IES BENICALAP PEPE

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked: “Who are you phoning, Mark?” Pam asked Mark who he was phoning.

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning.

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked: “Which one do you prefer, Mark?”

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked: “Which one do you prefer, Mark?” Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked: “Which one do you prefer, Mark?” Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred.

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, When, Where, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. Pam asked Mark when he had arrived. S → P S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, When, Where, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. Pam asked Mark when he had arrived. Pam asked Mark where the concert would take place. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, When, Where, Why, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. Pam asked Mark when he had arrived. Pam asked Mark where the concert would take place. Pam asked Mark why he was always late. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, When, Where, Why, Whose, Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. Pam asked Mark when he had arrived. Pam asked Mark where the concert would take place. Pam asked Mark why he was always late. Pam asked Mark whose jumper that was. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, When, Where, Why, Whose, How. Examples:Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. Pam asked Mark when he had arrived. Pam asked Mark where the concert would take place. Pam asked Mark why he was always late. Pam asked Mark whose jumper that was. Pam asked Mark how much the barrel weighed. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: What, Who, Which, When, Where, Why, Whose, How. Example Pam asked what his name was. Pam asked Mark who he was phoning. Pam asked Mark which one he preferred. Pam asked Mark when he had arrived. Pam asked Mark where the concert would take place. Pam asked Mark why he was always late. Pam asked Mark whose jumper that was. Pam asked Mark how much the barrel weighed. S → P

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) 2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: what, who, etc. + S → V

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-)

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2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) SUMMARY:

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’)

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, etc.

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES (‘one tense back’) REPORTING VERBS: ask, etc.

2.1.- Yes-No Questions: if / whether 2.2.- Wh- questions: what, who, etc. + S → V

___________________________________________________________________

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1.- STATEMENTS GIVE INFORMATION (Aff./Neg. sentences) “I like pizza” “He didn’t arrive on time” 2.- QUESTIONS (Yes-No / Wh-) WANT INFORMATION (Int. sentences: Yes-No / Wh-) “Do you like pizza?” “What did he say?” 3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence)

3 TENSES

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: Examples:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: Examples:Pam said: “Mark, bring me the boxes now.”

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: Examples:Pam said: “Mark, bring me the boxes now.” imperative

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Pam told Mark

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Pam told Mark to bring her the boxes then.

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Pam told Mark to bring her the boxes then. to - inf.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: Examples:Pam said: “Mark, bring me the boxes now.” Pam said: “Mark, don’t bring me the boxes now.”

Pam told Mark to bring her the boxes then. to - inf.

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Pam told Mark to bring her the boxes then. Pam told Mark not to bring her the boxes then. to - inf.

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Pam told Mark to bring her the boxes then. Pam told Mark not to bring her the boxes then. to - inf. not to - inf.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: Examples:Pam said: “Mark, bring the boxes now.” Pam said: “Mark, don’t bring the boxes now.”

Pam told Mark to - inf. the boxes then. Pam told Mark not to - inf. the boxes there.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: Examples:Pam said: “Mark, bring the boxes now.” Pam said: “Mark, don’t bring the boxes now.”

Pam told Mark to - inf. the boxes then. Pam told Mark not to - inf. the boxes there.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: (not) to - inf. Examples:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) 3 TENSES: (not) to - inf. Examples:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) 3 TENSES: (not) to - inf. Examples:Pam said: “Mark, can you bring me the boxes now?”

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Pam asked Mark…

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Pam asked Mark to bring her the boxes then.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) 3 TENSES: (not) to - inf. Examples:Pam said: “Mark, can you bring me the boxes now?” Pam said: “Mark, would you do it for me, please?”

Pam asked Mark to bring her the boxes then.

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Pam asked Mark to bring her the boxes then. Pam asked Mark…

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Pam asked Mark to bring her the boxes then. Pam asked Mark to do it for her.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS 3 TENSES: (not) to - inf.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell (commands),

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell (commands), ask (requests),

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request, convince,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request, convince, demand,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request, convince, demand, persuade,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request, convince, demand, persuade, pray,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request, convince, demand, persuade, pray, invite,

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS REPORTING VERBS: tell, ask, want, beg, request, convince, demand, persuade, pray, invite, warn,

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order,

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order, command,

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order, command, instruct, etc.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions: Examples:

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?”

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested…

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested…

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach.

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach”

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick said: “How about going to the beach?”

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick said: “How about going to the beach?” Nick said: “Shall we go to the beach?”

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick said: “How about going to the beach?” Nick said: “Shall we go to the beach?” Nick said: “What if we go to the beach?”

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick said: “How about going to the beach?” Nick said: “Shall we go to the beach?” Nick said: “What if we go to the beach?” Nick said: “Let’s not go to the beach”

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick said: “How about going to the beach?” Nick said: “Shall we go to the beach?” Nick said: “What if we go to the beach?” Nick said: “Let’s not go to the beach” Nick suggested not going to the beach.

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick said: “How about going to the beach?” Nick said: “Shall we go to the beach?” Nick said: “What if we go to the beach?” Nick said: “Let’s not go to the beach” Nick suggested not going to the beach.

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Nick said: “Why don’t we go to the beach?” Nick suggested going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” -ing Nick said: “How about going to the beach?” Nick said: “Shall we go to the beach?” Nick said: “What if we go to the beach?” Nick said: “Let’s not go to the beach” Nick suggested not going to the beach. Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” not -ing

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions: suggest + (not)- ing

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- We can also use suggest / insist in a different way:

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Ex.: Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick suggested going to the beach. Or…

Nick suggested / insisted that they should go

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Ex.: Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick suggested going to the beach. …

Nick suggested / insisted that they should go

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Nick suggested / insisted that they should go to the beach.

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Nick suggested / insisted that they should go to the beach. (that) S + should + inf

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Nick suggested / insisted (that) S + should + inf

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suggest / insist (that) S + should + inf

Ex.: Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick suggested going to the beach.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions: - Other reporting verbs: Ex.: Nick said: “Let’s go to the beach” Nick suggested going to the beach.

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions: - Other reporting verbs: admit, deny, recommend, regret, resent, apologize for. + (not) – ing

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) “Close the window” “Can you close the window?” “Let’s have a drink” - Suggestions: - Other reporting verbs: admit, deny, recommend, regret, resent, apologize for. + (not) – ing Ex.: He apologized for (not) wearing trainers.

Ex.: He urged us to phone an ambulance.

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agree, consent, expect, offer, refuse, trust, remind. + (not) to inf Ex.: He reminded me to bring my trainers.

encourage, forbid, require, teach, advise, urge. + (not) -ing or (not) to inf Ex.: He urged us to phone an ambulance.

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encourage, forbid, require, teach, urge, advise. + (not) -ing or (not) to inf Ex.: He urged us to phone an ambulance.

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encourage, forbid, require, teach, urge, advise. + (not) -ing or (not) to inf Ex.: He advised them (not) to bring warm clothes. Ex.: He advised them (not) bringing warm clothes.

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encourage, forbid, require, teach, urge, advise. + (not) -ing or (not) to inf

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS SUMMARY:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS WANT ACTION (Commands/Requests/Suggestions/Offers/Invitations/…) SUMMARY:


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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES: (not) to – inf.

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THREE CHANGES: 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence) 3 TENSES: (not) to – inf. suggestions (not) –ing,

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etc.: (not) to - inf, (not) –ing / (that) S + should + inf)

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etc.: (not) to - inf, (not) –ing / (that) S + should + inf) REPORTING VERBS: tell (commands), ask (requests), suggest (suggestions).

___________________________________________________________________

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RREEPPOORRTTEEDD SSPPEEEECCHH .

SUMMARY

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TWO COMMON 1 CHANGES: 2

1.- STATEMENTS:

SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS:

Yes-No: if / whether 2.- QUESTIONS: Wh-: what, who, etc. + S → V

A

SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS:


A

SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS:


A

SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS:


A

3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS:

SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS:


A


SUMMARY:

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TWO COMMON 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) . CHANGES: 2

1.- STATEMENTS:


A


SUMMARY:

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TWO COMMON 1 PRONOUNS & POSS. ADJS. (coherence) . CHANGES: 2 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME OR PLACE (coherence).

1.- STATEMENTS:


A


SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 3


ANOTHER CHANGE: 3


SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 3 TENSE: ‘one tense back’


ANOTHER CHANGE: 3 TENSE: ‘one tense back’


SUMMARY:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 4

SUMMARY:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 4 TENSE: (not) to - inf.

SUMMARY:

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3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 4 TENSE: (not) to - inf. (suggestions, etc.: (not) –ing / (not) to - inf / (that) S + should + inf)

SUMMARY:

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1.- STATEMENTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 3 TENSE: ‘one tense back’ REPORTING VERBS: say, tell, etc.




SUMMARY:

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ANOTHER CHANGE: 3 TENSE: ‘one tense back’ REPORTING VERBS: ask, etc.


SUMMARY:

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ANOTHER CHANGE: 3 TENSE: ‘one tense back’ REPORTING VERBS: ask, etc.

3.- COMMANDS / REQUESTS: ANOTHER CHANGE: 4 TENSE: (not) to - inf. (suggestions, etc.: (not) –ing / (not) to - inf / (that) S + should + inf) REPORTING VERBS: tell (commands), ask (requests), suggest (suggestions).

SUMMARY:

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I

TTTHHHEEE EEENNNDDD

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I

I hope you really enjoyed the show! Pepe Bellés Department of English IES Benicalap (Valencia, SPAIN)

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