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  • ( i )

    By

    Dr. Mani Bhushan Mishra

    Upkar Prakashan, Agra-2

  • ( ii )

    Publishers

    PublishersUPKAR PRAKASHAN2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA282 002Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101Fax : (0562) 4053330E-mail : [email protected], Website : www.upkar.inBranch Offices4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, 1-8-1/B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park, Paras Bhawan (First Floor),New Delhi110 002 Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate), Khazanchi Road,Phone : 01123251844/66 Bagh Lingampally, Hyderabad500 044 Patna800 004

    Phone : 04066753330 Phone. : 06122673340

    28, Chowdhury Lane, Shyam B-33, Blunt Square, 8-310/1, A. K. House,Bazar, Near Metro Station, Kanpur Taxi Stand, Mawaiya, Heeranagar, Haldwani,Gate No. 4 Lucknow226 004 (U.P.) Distt.Nainital263139Kolkata700004 (W.B.) Phone : 05224109080 (Uttarakhand)Phone : 03325551510 Mob. : 7060421008

    1461, Juni Shukrawari,Sakkardara Road,Opp. Hanuman Mandir,Nagpur440 009Phone : 07126564222

    The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake hascrept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.

    This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical,or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers.

    Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute.

    ISBN : 978-93-5013-323-1

    Code No. 1773

    Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

  • ( iii )

    Contents Previues Years Solved Papers

    Section1

    Ancient India ..................................................................................................................................... 3180

    Pre-Historical Periods .......................................................................................................................... 3

    Indus Valley Civilisation (2350-1750 BC) .......................................................................................... 4

    The Vedic Age (1500-600 BC) : Advent of the Aryans ................................................................... 8

    Rigvedic Age (1500-1000 BC) ............................................................................................................. 8

    Later Vedic Age (1000-600 BC) ........................................................................................................... 10

    Vedic Literature ..................................................................................................................................... 12

    Jainism and Buddhism ......................................................................................................................... 14

    The Age of Mahajanpadas (650-325 BC) .......................................................................................... 18

    Maurya Period ...................................................................................................................................... 19

    Other Regional Kingdoms .................................................................................................................. 22

    The Sangam Age .................................................................................................................................. 23

    Post-Maurya or Pre-Gupta Period ..................................................................................................... 23

    Gupta Period ......................................................................................................................................... 25

    Harsha and His Times .......................................................................................................................... 28

    Post-Gupta Period ................................................................................................................................ 28

    Literature ............................................................................................................................................... 32

    Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 33

    Section2

    Medieval India ......................................................................................................................................181265

    The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 AD) ................................................................................................. 181

    Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320) .................................................................................................................. 182

    Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1412) ............................................................................................................ 183

    Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) ............................................................................................................... 185

    Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526) ................................................................................................................. 185

    Polity and Administration during the Sultanate Period ................................................................. 185

    The Great Mughals .............................................................................................................................. 186

  • ( iv )

    Other Regional Kingdoms .................................................................................................................. 189

    Later Mughals (1707-1857) ................................................................................................................. 195

    Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 196

    Section3

    Modern India ...................................................................................................................................... 266304

    Rise of Autonomous States ................................................................................................................ 266

    Advent of the Europeans ................................................................................................................... 268

    British Conquest of India ................................................................................................................... 269

    Revolt of 1857 ....................................................................................................................................... 270

    Major Uprisings Before 1857 .............................................................................................................. 272

    The Years After the Revolt ................................................................................................................. 273

    The Early Nationalists (1885-1905) .................................................................................................... 274

    Rise and Growth of Militant Nationalism ......................................................................................... 275

    Emergence of Gandhi / Non-Cooperation Movement .................................................................... 278

    Swaraj Party / Civil Disobedience ...................................................................................................... 279

    Revolutionary Terrorism of the Second Phase ................................................................................ 283

    The Years 1935-39 ................................................................................................................................. 285

    India and World War II / Quit India Movement ............................................................................... 286

    Post World War II / Achievement of Freedom ................................................................................. 287

    Growth of Communalism ..................................................................................................................... 289

    Growth of Indian Press ........................................................................................................................ 289

    Miscellaneous ...................................................................................................................................... 291

    Governor Generals and Viceroys ....................................................................................................... 292

    Constitutional Developments in India .............................................................................................. 297

    Important Committees / Commissions .............................................................................................. 298

    Social and Cultural Awakening .......................................................................................................... 298

    Congress Sessions from 1885-1950 ................................................................................................... 299

    Socio-Religious Reform Movements ................................................................................................ 301

    Legislations for Social Reforms .......................................................................................................... 302

    Movements for Womens Emancipation ........................................................................................... 302

    The Islamic Reform Movements ........................................................................................................ 303

    Lower Caste Movements .................................................................................................................... 303

    Legislations for the Development of Education .............................................................................. 304

  • ( v )

    Section4

    Art and Culture ................................................................................................................................. 305310

    Language and Literature ..................................................................................................................... 305

    Section5

    Religion ............................................................................................................................................... 311326

    Hinduism ................................................................................................................................................ 311

    Sikhism ................................................................................................................................................... 313

    Islam ....................................................................................................................................................... 314

    Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism ......................................................................................... 315

    Indian Architecture .............................................................................................................................. 315

    Indian Dance ......................................................................................................................................... 317

    Indian Painting ...................................................................................................................................... 320

    Indian Drama / Theatre ........................................................................................................................ 324

    Indian Cinema ....................................................................................................................................... 325

    Indian Society ....................................................................................................................................... 326

    Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 327

    Section6

    World History ....................................................................................................................................... 468-480

    Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 472

    Section7

    Research in History .............................................................................................................................. 481-504

    Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 497

  • ( vi )

    Syllabus

    PAPERII

    1. CONCEPTS, IDEAS AND TERMS

    BharatvarshaSabha and SamitiVarnasramaPurusharthasRinaSamskarasYajnaDoctrine of KarmaDandaniti/ArthasastraSaptangaDhanavijayaStupa/ChaityaNagara/Dravida/VesaraBodhisattva/TrithankaraAlvars/NayanarsSreniChauthHundi (Bill of Exchange)SarrafPolygarsJagirDasturMansab (Rank)DeshmukhNaduParganaBengal VaishnavismAlt MaghaShahna-i-MandiMercantilismEconomic NationalismIndian RenaissanceEconomic DrainColonialism

    ParamountcyKara/VishtiStridhanaMemorial stories

    AgraharasKhilafatSulh-i-kulMaharashtra-dharma

    Turkan-i-ChaldghaniWatanBalutaIqta

    JizyahMadad-i-maashAmaramRaya-Rekho

    JangamaDyarchyFederalismUtilitarianism

    Flitration TheoryForward Policy

    Doctrine of Lapse

    Satyagraha

    Swadeshi

    Revivalism

    Communalism

    Orientalism

    De-industrialisation

    Subsidiary Alliance

    Evangelicalism

    Bhudan

    Panchsheel

    Mixed Economy

    Indian left

    Hindi Code Bill

  • ( vii )

    2. ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

    Sources

    Archaeological Sources

    Exploration, excavation epigraphy, numismatics,monuments.

    Literary Sources

    Indigenous : Primary and SecondaryProblemsof dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientificliterature, literature in regional languages,religious literature.Foreign accounts Greek, Chinese and Arabwriters.

    Pre-history and Proto-history

    Man and Environmentgeographical factors,Hunting and gathering (Paleolithic andMesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (Neolithicand Chalcolithic).Indus Valley Civilization-origin, date, extent,characteristics. decline, surviva1 and significance.Iron age; Second urbanisation

    Vedic Period

    Migration and settlements; dating the Vedic,literary and archaeological evidences, evoluationof social and political institutions; religious andphilosophical ideas, rituals and practices.

    Period of Mahajanapadas

    Formation of States (Mahajanapadas); Republicsand Monarchies; rise of urban centres; traderoutes; economic growth; introduction ofcoinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; riseof Magadha and Nandas, Iranian andMacedonian invasions and heir impact.

    Mauryan Empire

    Foundation of the Mauryan Empire,Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra;Ashoka Concept of Dhrama; Edicts: Brahrni andKharosthi scripts.Administration; economy; architecture andsculpture : external contacts, disintegration ofthe empire; Sungas and Kanvas.

    Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas,Kushana, Western Kshatrapas)

    Contact with outside world; growth of urbancentres, economy, coinage, development ofreligions, Mahayana, social conditions, art andarchitecture, literature and science.

    Early state and society-in Eastern India, Deccanand South India

    Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of theSangam Age, Administration; economy, landgrants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres,Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture;art and architecture.

    Imperial Guptas and Regional States of India

    Guptas and Vakataks, Harsha, Administration,economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas,land grants, decline of urban centres, Indainfeudalism, caste system, position of women,educationand educational institutions-Nalanda,Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact withneighbouring countriesCentral Asia, SouthEast Asia and China, Sanskrit literature, scientificliterature, art and architecture.The Kadambas, Gangas, Pallavas and Chalukyasof Badami Administration, trade guilds,Sanskrit literature and growth of regionallanguages and scripts; growth of Vaishnava andSaiva religions, Tamil Bhakti Movement,ShankaracharyaVedanta; Institutions oftemple and temple architecture.Varmanas of Kamrup; Palas and Senas,Rashtrakutas, Prathiharas, Kalachuri-Chedis;Paramaras; Chalukyas of Gujarat; Arabcontacts-Ghaznavi Conquest Alberuni.The Chalukyas of Kalyana, Cholas, Chera,Hoysalas, PandyasAdministration and localGovernment, growth of art and architecture,religious sects, Institution of temple andMathas, Agraharas, education and literature,economy and society, contact with Sri Lankaand SouthEast Asia.

  • ( viii )

    3. MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY

    Sources

    Archaeological, epigraphic and numismaticmaterials and monuments.Chronicles.Litearary sourcesPersian, Sanksrit andRegional languages.Archival materials.Foreign travellers accounts.

    Political Developments

    The Sultanatethe Ghorids, the Turks, theKhaljis. the Tughluqs, the Sayyids and theLodis.Foundation of the Mughal EmpireBabur,Humayun and the Suris; expansion from Akbarto Aurangzeb.Decline of the Mughal empirepolitical,administrative and economic c uses.Later Mughals and disintegration of the Mughalempire. The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanisrise, expansion and disintegration. The Marathamovement, the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji;its expansion under the Peshwas; MarathaConfederacycauses of decline.

    Administration

    Administration under the Sultanatecivil,judicial, revenue, fiscal and militarySher Shahs administrative reforms; Mughaladministrationland revenue and other sourcesincome; Mansabdari and Jagirdari.Administrative system in the DeccantheVijayanagara the Bahmanis and the Marathas

    Economic Aspects

    Agricultural productionvillage economy;peasantry urban centres and population.

    Industriescotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organisation, karkhanas,technology.Trade and commerceState policies, internaland external trade; European trade, trade centresand ports, transport and communication.

    Financing trade, commerce and industries;Hundi (Bills of Exchange) and insurance.Currency.

    Socio-religious Movements

    The Sufistheir orders, beliefs and practices,the leading Sufi saints.Bhakti cultShaivism and its branches:Vaishnavism and its branches.The Saints of the medieval periodnorth andsouththeir impact on socio-political andreligious life.The Sikh movementGuru Nanak Dev and histeaching and practicesAdi Granth; the Khalsa.

    Society

    Classificationruling class, major religiousgroups, the mercantile and professional classes.Rural societypetty chieftains, village officials,cultivators and Position of Women.

    Cultural Life

    System of Educational and its motivations.LiteraturePersian, Sanksrit and Regionallanguages.Fine Artsmajor schools of painting; music.Architectural developments of the North andSouth India; Indo-Islamic architecture.

    4. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

    Sources and Historiography

    Archival materials, biographies and memories,newspapers.Oral evidence, creative literature and painting.Concerns in Modern Indian HistoriographyImperialist, Nationalist, Marxist and Subaltern.

    Rise of British PowerEuropean traders in India in the 17th and 18thcenturiesPortuguese, Dutch, French and theBritish.The establishment and expansion of Britishdominion in Indlia.British relations with and subjugation of theprincipal Indian PowersBengal, Oudh,Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and the Sikhs.

  • ( ix )

    Administration of the Company and Crown

    Evolution of central and provincial structureunder the East India Compay 17731853Paramountacy, Civil Service, Judiciary, Policeand the Army under the Company and Crown.Local Self-GovernmentConstitutional changes, 19091935

    Economic History

    Changing composition, volume and direction oftrade; The Tribute.Expansion and commercialisation of agriculture,land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness,landless laboursDecline of industrieschanging socio-economicconditions of artisans; De-urbanisation.British industrial Policy; major modernindustries; nature of factory legislation : labourand trade union movements.Monetary policy; banking, currency andexchange, Rail ways and Road Transport.Growth of new urban centres; new features oftown planning and architecture.Famines and epidemics and the governmentpolicy.Economic ThoughtEnglish utilitarians; Indianeconomic historians; the Drain theory.

    Indian Society in Transition

    Contact with Christianitythe Missions:critique of Indian social and economic practicesand religious beliefs; educational and otheractivities.The New Educationgovernment policy;levels and contents; English language; modernscience; Indian initiatives in education.Raja Ram Mohan Roy; socio-religious reforms;emergence of middle class; caste associationsand caste mobility.Womens QuestionNationalist Discourse:Womens Organisations; British legislationconcerning women; Constitutional position.The Printing Pressjournalistic activity and thepublic opinion.Modernisation of Indian languages and literaryformsreorientation in painting, music andperforming arts.

    National Movement

    Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economicbases of nationalism.Revolt of 1857 and different social classes.Tribal and Peasant movements.Ideologies and programmes of the IndianNational Congress, 1885- 1920.Trends and Swadeshi movement.Ideologies and programmes of Indianrevolutionaries in India and abroad.Gandhian Mass Movements.Ideology and Programmes of the Justice Party.Left Wing Politics.Movement of the Depressed classes.Communal politics and genesis of Pakistan.Towards Independence of Partition.

    India after Independence (19471964)

    Rehabilitation after Partition.Integration of the Indian States; The KashmirQuestion.The making of the Indian Constitution.The structure of Bureaucracy and the Police.The demographic trends.Economic policies and the planning process.Linguistic reorganisation of States.Foreign Policy initiatives

    World History : Concepts, Ideas and Terms

    Pre-history,Burial Practices,Humanism,Enlightened Despotism,Mother-Goddess,Law codes,Athenian Democracy,Imperial Rome,Slavery,Aristocracy,Confucianism,Manorial system,Black Death,Feudalism,Non-alignment,Parliamentary Democracy,

  • ( x )

    Nazism,Commonwealth,Imperialism,Socialism,Balance of Power,Apartheid,Rights of Man,Cold War,Post-modernism,Divine Right,Supremacy of Church,Holy Roman Empire,Social Contract and General Will,National States,RenaissanceReformation,Darwinism,Great Depression (1929),Feminism

    Research in History

    Scope and value of HistoryObjectivity and Bias in HistoryHistory and its auxiliar sciencesArea of researchProposedSourcesPrimary/secondary in the proposedarea of researchModern Historical Writing in the researchersarea of research

    PAPERIII (A) CORE GROUP(Objective Mode from June 2012)

    Unit-I

    From the Indus Valley Civilization to theMahajanapadasAge, extent and chracteristics of the Indus ValleyCivilization.Vedic cultureEarly and LateGeography:Social and Political institutions.Economic conditions, Religious andPhilosophical ideas.Mahajanapadas, Republics, Economic growthEmergence of Jainism and BuddhismRise ofMagadhaMacedonian invasion and itseffects.

    Unit-II

    History of India from 4th century BC to 3rdcentury ADFoundation of the Mauryan EmpireChandragupta, Ashoka and his Dharma,Mauryan administration, Economy, Art andArchitecture, Disintegration of the Mauryanempire.Sangam Age.Sungas, Satavahanas and Kushanas :Administration, religion, society. economy tradeand commerce, cultureArt and Architecture,Literature.

    Unit-III

    India from the 4th century AD to 12thcentury ADGuptaVakataka AgeHarsha-PallavasEarly ChalukyasRashtrakutas-Cholas-Pratiharas-PalasA brief survey of the historyof the Paramaras.Kalachuris, Gahadavalas and ChauhansAdministration.Feudalism, Society, Position of Women,Educational centres, Economy.Religious trends, styles of temple architecture,art, Literature, An outline of scientific andtechnological developments.Indias contacts with the outside world.

    Unit-IV

    India from 1206 to 1526Expansion and ConsolidationThe Ghorids,The Turks, The Khaljis, The Tughlaqs, TheSayyids and the Lodis.Vijayanagar and Bahamani KingdomsState and ReligionConcept of sovereignty,Religious movements and Sufism.Economic AspectsUrban Centres, Industries,Trade and Commerce, Land Revenue and Prices.Mongol problem and its impact.Administrative structureArt, Architecture and LiteratureSourcesArchaeological, Persian and non-Persian literature, Foreign travellers account.

  • ( xi )

    Unit-V

    India from 1526 onwardSources of Mughal period.Mughal Expansion and ConsolidationBabursestablishment of Mughal rule in India; Humayunand Suri; Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan andAurangzeb. Mughal relations with the nobilityand the Rajputs.Jahangirthe period of stability and expansion1611-1621; the period of crises 1622- 1627TheNurjahan Junta.Decline of Mughal Empire : Political, adminis-trative and economic causes. The MarathaMovement, the foundation of Swarajya by Shivajiits expansion and administration, MarathaConfederacy and causes of decline.Administration Sher Shahs administrativereforms, Mughal administration, land revenueand other sources of income, Mansabdari andJagirdari.

    Unit-VI

    Socio-economic and cultural Life under theMughalsVillage society and economyArt, architecture and literatureTrade and CommerceReligious policy from Akbar to AurangzebUrban centers and IndustriesCurrencyPosition of women

    Unit-VII

    Foundation of the British RuleRise of European powersExpansion andConsolidation of the British rule. British relationswith major Indian powersBengal, Oudh,Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and Sikhs.Administration under the East India Companyand Crown, Paramountacy, Civil Service,Judiciary, Police and Army.Local Self-government, Constitutional Develop-ment from 1909 to 1935.

    Unit-VIII

    Economic and Social PoliciesAgrarian policy of the British, Land Revenue,Agriculture and Land Rights, Famine policy,Rural indebtedness.Policy towards trade and industries, Conditionof Labour, Trade Union Movements, FactoryLegislation, Banking, Transport, Drain Theory.Indian Society in transition, Christian missions,Socio-religious reform movements, Status ofwomen.New educational policy, English language,Modern sciences, Press, Indian languages andliterature.

    Unit-IX

    National Movement and Post-IndependentIndiaRise of nationalism, Revolt of 1857, tribal andPeasant Movements, Ideologies and Pro-grammes of Indian National Congress, SwadeshiMovement, Indian Revolutionary Movement inIndia and Abroad.Gandhian Mass Movements, Ideologies andProgrammes of the Justice Party;Left wing politics, Movement of the depressedclasses, Genesis of Pakistan. India towardsIndependence, and Partition.Inda after Independence, Rehabilitation afterpartition, Integration of Indian, States, theKashmir Question.Making of the Indian Constitution, Structure ofBureaucracy and the police.Economic policies and the planning process,Linguistic reorganisation of the States, foreignpolicy initiatives.

    Unit-X (A)

    World History-Concepts, Ideas and TermsRenaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment,Rights of Man, Apartheid, Imperialism,Socialism, Nazism, Parliamentary Democracy,Commonwealth, Efforts at World Peace, ColdWar, Post-modernism

  • ( xii )

    Unit-X (B)

    Research in HistoryScope and Importance of History, Objectivityand Bias in History, Cousation in History,History and its auxiliary sciences, Significanceof Regional History, Recent trends of IndianHistory, Research Methodology, Area ofProposed Research, SourcesPrimary/Secondary in the Proposed area of Research

    PAPERIII (B)(ELECTIVE/OPTIONAL)

    ElectiveI : Ancient Indian History

    Stone-Age Cultures of IndiaOrigin, date, extent and characteristics of theIndus Valley CivilizationEvoluation of social and political institutions inthe Vedic periodEconomic and religious developments in 6thcentury BCSources of Mauryan historyMegasthenes,Kautilya, Asokas edicts and SimhalesechroniclesEconomy and trade during 2nd century BC3rd century AD-Schools of art Developmentof Stupa and Chaitya architectureAssessment of the Gupta AgeAncient Indian RepublicsHistory of LocalSelf-government in IndiaIndian feudalism

    Indian contacts with the outside world in theancient periodContribution of Sankara and Ramanuja toreligion and philosophy

    ElectiveII : Medieval Indian History

    Sources on Medieval Indian HistoryNorth-West frontier and Deccan Policy of theMughalsSociety and Economy during Medieval periodReligion, Art, Architecture and Literature duringMedieval periodUrban Economy, Trade and Commerce duringMedieval periodLegacy of the Mughals18th Century DebateSignificance of Regional History

    ElectiveIII : Modern Indian History

    The Establishment and Expansion of the BritishDominion in India Constitutional Developmentfrom 1858 to 1935The British Agrarian PoliciesThe Relief Measures adopted by the BritishEducation and Social Reforms Under the BritishSocio-Religious Reform Movements in the 19thcenturyRise of Nationalism and the Indian NationalCongressThe Gandhian EraTowards independence and PartitionThe Making of the Indian Constitution and itsworking.

  • HistoryUGC-NET/JRF Exam.

    (Jan. 2017)Solved Paper

  • Held on 22 January, 2017

    History(PaperII)

    NoteThis paper contains fifty (50) objectivetype questions of two (2) marks each. Allquestions are compulsory.

    1. Which of the following are true of theMesolithic period ?Select your answer from the code givenbelow1. Microliths are found in general.2. Bagor, Langhnaj and Bhim-betka are

    some important sites .3. Bones of wild and domesticated animals

    are found.4. Rock-paintings are available during this

    period.

    Codes :(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1, 2 and 3(C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4

    2. Which of the following Neolithicarchaeological sites in not known for ash-mounds ?(A) Utnur (B) Pallavoy(C) Kupgal (D) Burzahom

    3. Which of the following sites has yielded ashort inscription written in Harappan scriptwith huge alphabets ?(A) Banawali (B) Dholavira(C) Kalibangan (D) Mohenjodaro

    4. Which of the following pairs is wronglymatched ?List-I List-II(Mahajanapada) (Capital)(A) Panchala Mathura(B) Matsya Bairat(C) Kosala Shravasti(D) Magadha Girivraja

    5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correctanswer from the code given belowList-I List-II(System of (Advocates)Philosophy)(a) Yoga 1. Kapila(b) Mimamsa 2. Patanjali(c) Sankhya 3. Kumarila(d) Vaiseshika 4. Kanada

    Codes :

    (a) (b) (c) (d)

    (A) 1 2 3 4

    (B) 2 3 1 4

    (C) 2 4 3 1

    (D) 4 1 2 3

    6. With which of the following departments wasKantaka-Sodhana connected ?(A) Taxation (B) Industry(C) Tolls (D) Judiciary

    7. Which one of the following is wronglymatched ?Tax-term Connotation(A) Vishti Forced labour(B) Bhaga Local tax(C) Kara Tax(D) Pranaya Emergency tax

    8. Which of the following is not a part of theBuddhist architecture ?(A) Anda (B) Medhi(C) Chhatra (D) Antarala

    9. Which of the following statements is true ofthe Kushan period ?(A) Issue of silver coins on a large scale.(B) Flourishing of the Gandhara art.

  • continue

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