Human Resources Sales and Marketing Research and Development Production/Operations Customer Service Finance and Accounts Administration and IT

Recruitment and retention Job descriptionsPerson Specifications

Dismissal Redundancy Motivation Professional development and training Health and safety and conditions

at work Liaison with trade unions

Hierarchical Structure

Managing Director

Sales DirectorMarketingDirector

Finance Director

A B C D Market Research

Strategy PurchasingManager

Sales Manager

AccountsManager

MD

Middle Management

Workers

Pyramidal Structure

SeniorManagement

R&D

Marketing Sales

Production

Finance

MD

Centralised/Entrepreneurial

Sales

Marketing

Production

Accounts

Collaborative

Marketing Sales

ProductionFinance

R&D

Circular/Flat

Project

Marketing

R&DSales

Finance

HRProduction

Matrix Structure

Changes to business structures Linked to new thinking on leadership

and management Less hierarchical Emphasis on communication

and collaboration between sections Global businesses – more complex

structures