hta, 4 6 . !;i ;l i*i';;43 , 2001 h, nlkeda m. curvi-l in ear reltion be,we c tone in breath...
TRANSCRIPT
2 i*i';;43 , 2001
H, lkeda M. Curvi-li
near relation be, ween acetone in
breathi
ng zone ai
r and acetone in uri
ne workers exposed
to acecone vapor. Toxicology Letters 1992; 62: 85-91.6) Fugino A, Satoh T, Takebayashi T, et @!. Bio!ogical mon-
itoring of workers exposed to acetone in acetate fiberplants. British jousnol of lridustrial Medicine 1992; 49:
645-657.
7) ia' '1 , ;i<i i:Ei ll=***'- t@;i : !, 1' ?7 -. 9;'ti!i : . F;: L992; 30: L-5.
8) Nlizunuma K, Yasugi T, Kawai T. }loriguchi S. nteda M.
Exposure-excretion relationship of styrene and acetone
n hydrophilic solvenL Arch Environ Contarn Toxi
cal
1993; 25: 129-L33.
9) Kumagai S. Matsunaga l. Physiologica"y based phanna.
cokinetic model for acetone. Occup Environ Med 1995;52344-352.
IO) Kumagai S. Matsunaga l. Tabuchi T. Effect of variationn exposure to airbome acetone and difterence in workload on acetone concentration in blood. urine. andexhaled a
i
r. American lridustrial }{ygiene Association
Journa1 1998: 59: 242-25L.
ll) 'F9 <Ers. iia' 'g2:t=, !a. ' ~. ii:. '?1:5' / -J1, 7'1g }> @>5i' i, 5't !:iE*j*jiEl=ov. C. :601 1B : i .
. 1887: S212.12) Wang G, MaraneUi G. Peremni L, Raineri E, Brugnone
F. Blood acetone concentration in "normal people" and
exposed workers 16h afcer the end of workshift. lnt Arcb
Occup Environ }{ealth 1994; 65: 285-289*13) Kawa
i
T. Yasugi T, lloriguchi S, et @1. Biological moni-
tori
ng of occupational exposure to isopropyl alcohol
vapor by urinalysis for aceton. lnt Arch Occup EnvironHealtb L990: 62: 409-413.
14) Kawai T. Okada Y. Odavhi T. et c!. Diffusive s"npling
and Biologi
cal monitori
ng of 2-bromopropane. Arch
Environ ContarnToxic01 1997; 33: 23-28.
15) Yoshikawa M. Arashidani K. Kodama Y. Ana!ysis of ace.
tone in urine by high-performance liquid chromacogra-phy. jpn j lnd }lealth 1994; 36: 64-65.
16) ACGm. TLVs and BEls. Cincinnati: OH. 1999.
17) DEF. List if MAIC and BAT values. Wie!y-VCE1, 1996.
i
i
133
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l. lARC l= J: . ;a. 7itA, 5 ' ;i 1 @> j*i
liiternational Agency for Research on Cancer(lARC) !::, jiE ;j , *r :., U :;b 0 59 ;b< A, 5 .;8j ; .
Group2A ($:s ' , < g3!;b*A. ,j E;bS j>. , probably carcino,genic to bumans) : L C v*;t: " :b* 1997, ;j:t k;:OmonograptilC::sV\'C Group 1 (3 .:b:A, 4ti, a carcinogenicto humans) ,\ :jjfi . !: T Ljj: " . ' :t? ;,, g3. 75tA, '1:93'Flih!=,:3V*'C , F; ' it:! ' U X F /< 4 } !: L 'C
i t ,' U ;b ;6*i1 ;:a1! 33;t= .k b l .}. f'L/:: ', 1= } !=**
Ut33!;5*A, itE*t (i!=i:: L Fi; i , U ;b l Group 3(39!:0*A, ,ti:**5 .;st. c, ,g: v, )) J, != i ;i . /::. .= 0 , ,
l= } i=1!,'$' "9:, : Ut, :E'* : t:lt ' U .:< F /* i 4 }
!: 1, C*r j :, 1)';b ;bSiB; ! gr!=J: ty q77* *Lt:t7 . O
3j.*SA, j:EICov\'C F+6:.;::;iEi"; (sufficient evidence):6*d:,.b* J, 5: ;'Flifi Ut v. .
IARC i= J: .f* :pjj 0>; ' :1,, :,, U :fy 1 3j:!c J: 6 ga!:6sA,l!E :Fjjrrot=&>i=tg: jL7=;;E 3 {=0v*t, ;ia: ** . o
4 't;EB 1= 5 00;!i5'. U - (5 , 4;!atiE**, lf fii*; )
l=5 ' 9iLt;:. L. 7:', -.;b "='U -0 .t'j *' @> f i !::* '. =t'li - !: Uto 9 :. j *v. , >!=, ;;;: c;15f : :+
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. 0>4 *' 1= d < 5 :;b .7'.=fU - !: 1, : (1) Qt:E li Ore
mining, (2) ;;i;E'.;:3, : 0'ii:ii i fi=;;:Quarries and gran-ite works, (3) .1z' ' v 'X !$19 ifit, 1<L. .>7 ' 1
: . Ceramics, pottery, refr. actory brick anddiatomaceous earth industries, (4) *6 !! iFoundry workers, i:3J:C1' (5) :1: , i : 'Silicotics, 'C'
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IARC 7 - ,- > 77iu-7 (!;!T WG) :bSj; Lj::7b
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L it:, .: . ;:: 4, 0t:' ) b , . j :, :Fj :.: L, tv* < L
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}: Lt * , Lit: lO @>;:fgi:t=*t lt;#'. 25 1aO;j : : (J;!T
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g!!@>-a!:!d: Zab l it :**o t=. *, 4 7' jgt0 tl, ;
*j 1+j. ,> 7!. y = :$, @>. 2 0 0 ;:: ; ,;*jg 3'5i, 4 q7 qj. iu .7' 4 7 @>$ $! , js J: Oe $6. a j; @>t!afg!a 28. i ,
*. 1 ! : ' >,' A" 7. ,. > gj;:j>@ > f 3 30) ;j* t!;. : t-L ,y, . C j, Lj;\a'FO3ljg;:1=0 V. 'Cl*, F >,' , fijk ! , : t:: D:1= 1*. 7" 4 -
iV14F$it, PA}1, :* F * A ,\o j jw ,a!*'gg;*s3:, .y, t::
&>, :., U :fy 0 !. 6:i! ! != 1;*: '; . *'L, :: v*. . i;, !C, V. <
ob.@>;Jf3;:tl, : }' :, , B:t :\@>1 1a$;, " ; . - :#,<
j= {, i!, *? ,.D*, . . j'L!= 1!q'!" 6 jjg* !d: ::7j. ., t, . j2)
:B:t . Li:=a ' ld: '* 1=Rih*'A, CEl= U X *' 1=0V*t *:.
. 5'. 4 7 : .5';1 f z:, 3j) ty sMR o!!i :J=.;D. (1.03 ~
l. 31 !j:) 1, : : *g:; 1=:3':a:7:' !* ::** 0 i=. c o r t,
Steenland & Brown (1995) " 13:,' 1 l, 'g, ;*, j*j'v* , O
tl;tlib*SA, SMR ;bS 1.27 (1.02-1.55) , 90 lC?:*' :. L. - L
tv. t= 2: V. 5 U2 .*< U ;:. ?' J=.
Ji-i=1!U';'.y,"jE-0 ;U$ ,' C'iDi
; , . WG 7!3* '1$i L, C V. ty, J: 5 1=, :*:;b . . =" U - !=}., , 3S: @> - < ld::;. }, 7 " ';01&> : " ;5 *6. g 1{=0v*ti8 j;
! 'j3: :. 1, t, :3 1;, ', ' @>,t !75*,:: V . !: '. . , ,'L .6 ft 1=,;s v. c i, :iji;;SA. . SMR ;5S:*': : != J=. . L c v* ;:: i5* 0 ;:: it:
">, * 1: C;3::;b " =" 'i -t:'1!!: b J:. li't: ;*'3C*t ' , ;b @>3a
z6tA, jg: :. it: " 6, 3iEt!& !liE Lt v. i !: ja:v. .; v*.
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CV*.y, OT:', : ;*.' ' $ .'4'*Ll, :.= 0>Ei; b 'C!* ::V. . U
*. U;:*75{ 1;>, 1Bl; : :0
{; :jS?::v* C : *'. , mb75RA, lj X :*' !=ov. t *B$ != * iy' "4 7!: ' " 6, > 07:';!5 b , * 1: t*:;b " =t U - 1= " , ,!;U
. 1* :,, U ;!i @>E***A, 1!k!= ,,#" ; , iE ! :ti:; Ltv* : v. .
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;3 *3 1 175S:*:t!;* ' , ',<t@> fg8t'frb:btA, U 7. ? @>L
.:;*$ & . j, Ltv. ,y, , i:::i:: L, , .' U zb : ' !@>" 3Ji :1=
l;q 6 ji : B j *3 . 1 $i U t= f :1:: :v. . L, ** L , *t iQ ,
0*.@> fgatla 1?-x@>{ : (i 1 !Q!Ea, !; , S:1 ;5j.)l= J: ,y,ft - j
. j ;j!,{ ;j*; ; g *'Lt V*.b . , j j2! != Lt 13:,
F*1 !/<- > F }lf@>?EiEi ' : ;1i !: ;:3 '0D 't:! 'J
ga 7) .e, jej j . *g, z?E;; j 6: Ut= ."! .eji*tA,aEi=@, U >:. * ibt* 2 1 ', F " > ,7' - *' @>j;t; ' 9j. j, j: . J .
g 6i j= ,;s jj. .y, :7 , >' A - .>" >.' *tt! ;ld:0 !3 .;Ej't;,:L sand-stone cutter @>ftrtiz5<A, " , . U X ?' i5**;i 8 fi ' L(3.2-16.6) ,
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J: cl* j j !@j j!5 :. : ;' #" , , iE i i 't;* ;E' crushed granitestone ii 'mi: 'Z:'!ih*tA, SMR b{* 3.5 f ', !;: L i::, : v. 5
;> @> 'C' j> ,y' F { y .:< U - F j;t : ' i .!!fy . j ; j g
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A, 3Bt: U X :>' : @>ft5 1= 1j ,;b*?:: ,!jj :. , >t: : v. ;j OZ:'i*>.y', :: ,:3, , 1:J:L. 0: fih; @>: 4 !d: '., J * ,\@>j j&
!* ,g'gg:0>7 - ;b - ;: " '.; . t J: v. . j 2);*:ib ' ' =f U - 1= #" 6, 1*f9;:;ibgCl, :! ! ! -~!gg33 != 'o
.c J: v* 1. j, i .$ 31 ' e b ;6 c != *. ,, ji 0>l 'E*1 E31= J:
6- ) *6. /< 4 7 X O H gl*,::V* !: '.; . 6, . . O J: , ;:: s{
'ii3t:#" ;: 0>$3- :-5 ; aC7:, ' U 751 ;2: i;3A, U X
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$R:7b'i4 i *L'C'V* .y' . :i:ft{1: j'Li:: lj X ?' 0;!= :' *, 2 ~
8 j ' : iB; < 1 jg!, 1!U. 1 ;:b' ;i < ; b t'L .6 ;j<i != 3:, .y' . ( ..:bt*i*iiai';5 J: ;j !=, :,, lJ :bi . 1 0" 33i 3El=i 'j';5 .i * & ,
*7fy, ;;: v*0> j;t33; ' 'i , , .
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l= ; !3:#tb, RH3E'C , b , C. *LQ, @> f3g1=* Sv*C. ) jj
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, j;,{ Ot . !!: LC**! Lt L ., V. .
ti!:it:: L, WG b<. 4i:ib =tlJ -'C' Fl3i: L. 03 13; 0; :j ' :,, U :;b '\O iEi i 1* 1 , S; 0 ? - :b - !: ": '. . t J: v*
(The WG regarded radiographic evidence of silicosis
as a marker of bigh exposure to silica)J !: Bi!E Lt
v. ;6 " . !Co v*'C l,, -*J1= :,' U ::b ;1;a' !! 3S; !: 1 fiib
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.5 7, g :." lJ ib i' 1 :!: mh*tA, U ;< >' !: OPal !; lm#'
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. : , .!:s. J Cl*, WG !=
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Ceramics, pottery. refractory brick and di t6maceous
earth industriesr! aat=g, #..5 -, a an .!: .t, i <: :ci s a: ot:
j;3. 1: ;jt != , !C, 1 : ;0> F j : t: !*;* J, gg , U 7b i;S
l, OOO t: 'C&! : *L, ji* ' ;:* gEt:' " li X } /* ' 4 F != {1:'j~,y, C != z5t*:U l *'LC V* .y, . F p l j "" *:5 ,k 0,4 :9' U 7toi ':}<:@R : '@i '!= Dd# .6 =0 @> fga " . 13i *s .k oe
F :!< 1 tEii :t . ;', ti": 'J 3!fg '. " O' @> f 3 0@) . *- F f3C!*, 1ih*CA, ,i X . @>J:.! .!= o v *t* a @>-;;!:, j!E '$!;i
L , *B** i ;1 1 2 1*,:s J: .'L. 5 * !$: &: * 'C' 6 . f . l
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E:. it;*5, : .$!> /::. F4 : ' ') 7 iit!1<:bf:i: '@j . J fgS 12. 13)
Z:'f *a:!!g t ' '@j 't? 2{ ; v. , 7jSA, i= lj 7, #. - g >i:=. ; j<! jO> : a:L.
:j:! -fij, -J jaf 9-LO) .c, j$;fitrj*tA, 3B=i='!=1;er*"6 ft - 1S:1 Bd, . 3a ) t:.
'13 V X $:3 J: Ciej 5 , :j3@?1!*ES:1=1!Q '.?, ~,
;:. = LC, . ; t ! $g: Ej!d: ;53'Cd5';5*' : 0i ta2R:!i*'C't* : ' , X } /< { } \0 ! 1R lE,3S > C , 4 ,; i.FbSi ji;$jg , !; @> -jgj: -J jafgS 14. !9) .c, j , jjh*sA, tBT=oi}Sj:5J=., . . 2. abi:. j = *- F i 1,1-** f3*-t'!;tl!E3S 1E5 1= J: 6, - :! 1 - i, gab : **o i *< : !
(firing) ,:3, J 0':!ih!:i ; (post-firing) .,.*! f=,;sv*'CSF:1 *is .j:Ot\,- . 1!gg j S:!: Mi7jSA, 3Ei=@> j!c, 5j : g*&b *:(Cb. erry. 1997) " '. 4 1J 701;$1 ii;if'i!i '; " 'trla:fiii;! !: Btri < A, t= ,Q ' . ; ! -** ! f 3S (F'orastiere,
( ) L986" ' Lagori0, 1990""') .'6i,, $ f'L7!:1 , ib i:: ' t*;i4{;;'@>5ii7i*A, @>;jj' :* n :. ;3;t, i;:*t, 5 aitr; @>;::v*
: ' !d: 1.4j 't:' p:i':i:'C;j, o i::. :i' > yi E<= - v* ;:.
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t:: 3: 0e :b. ;:; *s J: 092) *z v. ' X, S J:CF"3 , j
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j : ,. -8i:S:!: L t OO F*j j5j: =t: ; j5. j : -J 9.10i @iS. i iil :}<! ;: ; 'i" ' O f4 U 7tif: ! *C . fii . il= j;g 'j' 6 2tj3 '2 " ' @> 8t 4bj3 j= 1!R: *'L .? Puntoni,i988" ' ' :j;;: , tft:. '1 10 7 4 ~JV }"6, V. ' 'j'L > !5 ,:: f9*'7",i*,{ >' != J: o C8;i i'Li::7}'tj:i= d n*, 1< Zi;} 'ti! "@>fiti:b<A, ,J X ' *t* 1.5j ' 3: v*; -*j$ L. . iV@>L. -7b3;j *Ltv*;6. e. ct?puntoni. i988" ' 1**5tB != Mer10, 1991" '. :j:;1- 7 4 - ib },'t:'0;15f9;:t:' m 7i'A,l) X :*' @?J:.! -,
. g &bit: 3> d)0 F i' :5: ky. 5 * ' LtV. 6 t: a>, 0~@0a;rrt:.' . :i ~j". 6 a, 0Z:'1d ,:: V. . FS. ! ':1<ii.:t:. *j:fy '! ;*f " ' 'C!t;! !: A, '@>5* . '!=**LC"!:t:1 :5j'*<{ ' . *L, fi\ f >1 B @>: *sJ: U*j ij5 ll= bbii' *'L<V , 75S, 1 , 3Si= 'C$V*t1 15f. .
*L7=$i it25 b i; fiib a 2*!: v* 5 j:5ii3/*4 7x id;*:v*. ,: 0 'C:*: i'7:b ' ' =i" ) ~@,;:Ei:' *U. , 1$: 1:tfib**A, ,j 7. @>-L. .' ' L'Cv* , : g}; 'C ,6 .2) .1= . v ; ' X, :a J: Ot18* ; ;j: '.-3iij Ctld: F;3 ;
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;b . .= @>-J: ; 1=, 1 ;j;1:E .' U 7b 1! 33:*:'; '.!' 5 4
l; '$'.c,;;E :B fu . : Lcl,, F ;Ei J . 1 < . ,<'c@>;j!: 8E<:'lih**A, U X @?L. : -:b' 13* f'LC V*; .
;4<1=, :: 1ih : ' !*t' .: '!= ,c,;;E:f, gg: 1= :s v. t !,,
;t4lir;! ' :it:1, :E7fii3 , . j j; @>j *t/{{ 7X ;be7* b ; -
. 'v*;bg . t , a J: 0*{ i .! @>i ly*fti @>8i c*s J: 0*
-;ir0; ! ::$9. :.; ' , . 0>{ ; tclcov*cj ;s
1:, >ilih;! 3f1=,;1. $',5 e hn . ia:im*cA, u x @>L. . .:;:;h* LCV. ,, '!: g** 7? .j,. ::71ih i5':,' U :7b -1 *<
A, @>fj. f1:j .f.!: L t , ;jtlt *: v*j r=;6t: : *L;5 \
L, ;Elih, '!=1!a '.j,j , tn3* . 6rc?1t >. U :*! 3E .
*ih;btA, 4) U X : ' 1 != 31jj !,:'t:' ' ,:: V*. L, :6. L tj:';63 ,,L. i! @> J: ;il= .@>{i a);;E 6 tn , 1;t !" 6 !=> mtrj 0>;
*!*t=BQb l;,'9':., U :b -1b7btA, 0.1 1: 'fZi Utv. . . L
/:::b'o C, t*lib, 1 EE1=. i:3V*t*!f ; t'L;>,, ih;5'A, U 7 :>' OL_L. . 1, : (1; fiib :. tr tr !: L 5: v. ) ' U 7b , gE0> !t ,
6 T Et!E*' '; . 1 *L .C .'C', lgg: 1= J: g !OR5 1=0V. tl,, LARC*,
; li ** : U7t:- fgc?:'jla/\ !. 1 !=19c: 0 ! ., '1 L3a
U it: f> 0**:h>;g:v. o id;jr:6. .t'Ef,.c . !, 76* L*:7b: ,, :E;:
;fi. *- } , ,i. t:' , 1 1 ;i = *- F;*f 'c'!,: :::i9g 9
" """" " ' " " j:1::*fr'C, G3: 0; !1=0v*'Cj ; B
l=**& * . '.j, :. 4 t: v, }: v. ;il4f3i; i J:.@>frl* i5tj5 ;Z .
' -1;, t=, j :.@> :.' U 7b f!*1S:*R'! @>d. 7:' plgg! '0> j .*S
,! ;g:v. !: v. 5 f, igE:! rF@) , Flifi .!;* Ei= c c v. .
e. *LQ, 0, 'cv. < 0*. 0 fgn!=$:sv. cit- j;0> * ! .!=o v*t@>lgj:! ! '*lif!ll, t= b , U X 0>1*j 8jj:!g (iggj
! j= *S;:=V. !=:j j j'L. >,) :'j o t: b , tL t@>1 !:
:' 'Fii$ ,c g: t'0** i != J: 0 'C, 1ii5:A, U X ' @>. b -
!= -; . 19E: ! p :.: ' Ltv, , . C ;j l. ,t: 8 gitl
;;E'i'. 3;:i5*~, 1=i i " , 1 -t' , 0 'C, ' U :* R 3$!:Rih:b*A. , U X ' @>i;5; ' 1'tmi . : R3a!=, S v. 'C >, ! :
! 0, < :3:i, j, ky. j*::j<+5 ~; . > 0 t f::t:*:, 1. * ;;;' . ;; i?:.. .,< t:, id::g: < i : ,\@>*f L :j:ttE; @> - . j 75:
. :9t, *L *< 7:'t , . lgj ! ***<+ . :. -<:, .
,::-if3i:j: *'L C !: ;5td5 5, @> it c @>t:&>c'3b 5,.
i;\J:.@>hn . .E tr '*Ll , F9t;E ,3J !=, d ';5 f9 'C' *'A. ,j E!=3, Lt' ': ; rgzjt Fj ; *3. k O'tEj 'fi=;; J, F-i= ; v .>< !$i33 i, **i<!! :zc 3E:i :t ; J,
F i! i! 't, i . J ! 75. Fl *ir; 'J ic U Lti, : : *j
:6t '*1. **Lt ;j it. CV. .5. C *Ll * Z 5; , !
!=O V. 'C, lBl UlEf3 , t'Sb:b i ' =' U -, ,:5 3: 0' :{ t: L'C@>*: t, 8 i;E;"!@> j, sJ: CF : ! ' : .s C. !:!= J: b j
. 0>j '; B ; j* ;itj j t;15 ;5 : &*1ii'C .Z. iQ !=, L
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j! Lt: , ;> , : g!=, s!j. , 1 39 F. 0! ts'1 <?1 '
l; @> ;iE!=** Uc; , f3*i6<- T ; 3E !6 $ . 1 . 5 . !: jc g: !? , :,. U ;b, @9; . 75SA. ,j:Ej=ggg" , ;;:: 8 *Dj
!=ov. c+5 .;6:;iE;"!*<35 , != Li::lARC @> iltfrl, : . 0:
;s , !: $ i;i 'j' - , .
2. 1ARC 1:jibi;L, !=, . *Lt: 3 : ; g i ,@> *:
l) Oksa et @!. (1997) " ' 7 4 > y !='C'75*A, : $ ':F"i L, ;*fiittii:, .: '*:. 't, = *- } . 1967-1994 >i,@>
j!R l!a ,j. i 3i; L i:: ** 1 t . ,g!g . ' @> *S A,
STR=2.7 (L. 5-4.5) :: 3'f:$j: *'L, SMR t: i3:j L'c. v*
j::. c. 0> c !: *. {,:1,:1ib ; . 'ofii *SA, U x 9. i*J:.' .
LC v. ; , ;= * ;i;'Lt:-
2) Steenland and Stayner (jg97) " ' >. V 7 R;!,;:g:tCBaLCE .
< : '!9: $*'L, *g. g pO>:!> : v. 16 @>:E:j !=o
v. C ?! ' 7 'i' U ,, X , .9ttii. *B*t'i ;1*:i 1t: 1.3 (1.2-
l. 4) !:; * ; *q. . , . :! ltri i : '0:'1* ;,' U ;b ! : *' ;
b> -V. *< litr;bSA, U X ' 1;t b> j < *. 0-j 'C'3:)
(RR=2*3 (2.2-2.4) 19- 3*) .3) Goidsmith (i997) " ' :., u ;b @>;{.;*, SA, U ;:< ' 1=1;,' "
- ,:9:i * : ';; . !itr!{, g ' GO U X ' {Ctb, < \= } e@>
U, ,;,; 10 0 2 $!S@> 3*'- y- :'j < ;; *;, j;D. ,!=1
: ;*3. !;:' , . 4 ,::\, C !: .4) Brown gt @!. (L997) " ' ;!, ,> =.- " ;-.,:3 J: 0'5"' :,'?
~ ' '? 1 1: :ffib i*7~1$9. :g'!c? v. Cz53A. , $! !: U :,
-3' - :;. >:. ,> z. - '* >' ,:3 J: Z, le 5" > ? ~ # Q>;:!:, ih;b:}*
j :, ,: '!.,:s li'. , i;i " Fih7bSA, O STR l;t -*. 3.1 (2.1-
4.2) , 2.9 (1.5-5.2) , .;< ,> =.-. 7' > 0:1 11ih, }*1$l, , i 'l= ,:s !f ;:, ";(g*j:*ftjiibtA, 0> SMR 1* 2.9 (2.1-3.9) t:' :'o 7::. *9, .: . tc, 39mirii i , '@?Riir*, A, ,J ,:< , ;*tJ: - L.C V*t , !: 'F~. ,,$&@*'1 E{ 1* 1;, *'L ,, t: L t=.
5) Tsuda et o!. (i997)" ' j fij*j / j: A, fijb :9.@>fti{75*A, U X ' {=1!Q' ' , ?t ' 7 + U :,, ;< f3 . 1980-94: <
t!*llti@> 32:19f :. 7- iP L 2. ?4 (2.60-2.90) @> * U>!. . :.; : E6 L i!= .
6) Firikelstein (i998) " ' i979 ,;:!;!1!g::gBii;9:0*i'~"4 7 7!.** El: ;:: o i:: 5'1, i'; '= *- } != < = *
. f9* :. tti. 4 :{i i *ll. (quartet)
t@'L 41 ;., . quartet @>j;,1:!tlt, 1:,1ib4 ( + ) *' l
:*i (quartet p* @>lifi:6, A, ti ! J: ty , !;! t i= $, i, '! :!ftv*. 6 ), ;,fi* {: ( - ) ;6<3 , :6*0 4 14,: 1 !,
,ih7btA, @> . i!* } 1? : fii{4 ( + ) *t 'il lii! ( - ) @>ii **A, OR=3.2? (1.32-8.2) . *R@> F :,: ,!;33; :*a
';:, ;: , : ;1 i} != lii:6TA, ') >!. ' @>!!Q; 1;**gilU L-t=.
l!; !1 " 0 j v. 1= J: o tffib tA, li x ' @>L. - .;;tl!
Lt9, ,l, ;6* 1gg ! " O i ,*1 :; :91: L ; :';b'0 7t: 2= ' '; .
Q, *'L- , . L. ' ;,' } @" >. L. @> 1*:1 75gA, U >!. ' L. -
0o>*j ;t35 , !:* ; Ut:.
7) Cberry et q1. (1998) " ' ;F;!E! (Stoke. on. Trent) li;$
i= .
- } j#qi 1 -**
\
' c ! : 3 ; . 'im: 5,115: =*
- F : L, t1 !l3B$ != dv. C 3\;*Wti:! ! !2;;
i !Uil : :J:. 0\ ;;t, a, 1,1! . H 3 . , 3 1:
lifil*1 A : t:1 ::i9, jllj != , ; , 1 , ;; j;g: j= , 0' ,
1 ; 10 >FF;t 95' Li: i, 080:{i@>*i. 7= *- } !=ii*FR L,
,j, @>:g: j=O v. 'C;j iE L i:: . ;t* tlg$:@'C ib*A,SMR=1.28 (0.99-1.62) . fr,;6*A, U X ' 1 52 1@>, i,;**
A. - ! t: 197 !0** !=j!U'j" .t, = * - } 1?,{i: 1-**
lbf9i:!c *:s v. c , :., q :b @> 3 p!ij133*i *!:1= ii 1: i:: ~
*:; i6; 1;U l9 :. ;i L , 1! lE t != *S ;9, OR=1.66
(1.14-2,41) !; L it:*t R! ; ;!!ft B!1 ' :i*! 3* !: #!
l!q{;; ?d:, 0 7::. 19) . t= SMR @?A* f* f : !.** R
g !C J: b j *L, *j9 j :., U * Og@:ij3A, j;E ;6C;j
i*; *'L ;:, .
8) de Klerk and Musk (1998) " i 3*:a-->< } t >2,297 :,j0> 9t; ;:. * - } !=o v. 'C :,. , i :b - FBi6;! -
:lt A, @> j;a o> - j;i: 16; j;q {;; :. a8 ji: . 1961, 1974,
1975 ::E";9, @>3i, : :** i;, 1993 ,F : 'C' i9&i;. i9 :;
115 *. 1= 1,386 :{j** Et=, 5 *5nitr 3A, 1;t 138 :{iti' 63L :,il;tt*;lih! != J: .; '@@jjj . :1*'t: . 1 13:Mi*tA, *Ei= ,J
x ;,' !c; v. :8 !, . , l , i, F:ojj{j j= i, . !' ! , . .it:. fiib*, A, *Bi= ,i 7:. :9' 1;t jih;! 0*jg t , lj't:t !C
*gtiU Lit:. :., V >b1! 2*@>ti3E!3@:) '> ,, ! 3g C)
* '*t: ; 1 0 .*tmi7btA, . , . 1= :!=B4i ' 1, t:
** C. @>1;5i!El;t lih;i:0. , , :' ; : " , !:j g5 L t:.,=. O C !: *. 1;,, 1; lji, . . 1 . 1t jiibtA, U X , :t :bD
* . , z6s j: 75t: :*E L ,::lj*'Li ':, ,J :* 1 :75" mtr ,
A, :'it . ';i &itf E, i'L :;*'0 :.
9) Finke!stein (1999)" ' gcjgF V l, '=.- 1= , b :,' U *i , i' i&1 @> , H !=*t b Ltl 1 i}, lii:;3A, @>. -
E::. i 1!Ul; . *. " . C !, ' . Ui:.. {!tff( }A; i!g@> 0. i mg/m' .c, ;*. jj}UF g:; ! :!* j:: ., i :ig; *s J; 0? 1i x ' i, : . j 5-10 %, fiitr;6tA, t n l) X ? !
30 %i;!L. 9mb 1=*,' " .t, ft - f5tlE;Eal !;* *g} @>
7::&>: 9i :0 j ! .; , 81 'Lt . U 7, #'
7bSj@!f *' 6 t , . ,, 3b;'$:' NIOSH 11 :@> 0.05 mg/m'l=Tly. ;s . ::*t .
IO) Amre et @!. (i999) " ) .@!,$jg Cle!= 6!;* g*i*9 :;; '6i' '
@?"b;*'A, U X : ' . F. @9'F', i:: > 4 >, }*; ! @D !,*
6; ! 'e, l- ' f9* ' t9. ,: C FT*3 t 'fg:SF ( + ) t:' i*';;*A, OR=1,92 (1.08-3.40) , *1tfi= '!liL
Ei 0:! ;%. v. ;;@>{ ; >:' U x # t. - . 3 ,, bi=.
j ; l: LC 9*:6.1 1 V. L. !fl *L * g 0*0; tC C
Li::' ;!1!E!;13;1 1!E> lJ :b biojg. enic amorphous sili-
ca (BAS) : i:: 1* BAS ** , , U X } /<' 4 L != {1:
L, t:* ,,, ! lJ :b 7iti ! '35 . T . 1 !t i ! L. t:.
ll) Checkoway et 0!.- (1999)" ' ib U 7 * JV. =7!'i'1:1 ig! E! Ab 'lm ' 1,809 i @> fii : 1= 0 "B"
t, i'3 43 , 2001
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reader 3 !C J: . ,:;liih;! $, i@> , :t ' : : L, /:.
:1 Bbii7@>;ii!! 1!=*t' !e' *SA, SMR .$ L Li:.
@:!*lih!jj (+ ) @>Aitt;6<A, SMR=L. 57 (0.43-4*03) >1:&lih;!i (-) @Dfiih:6SA, SMR=1. L9 (0.87-1.57) @ fih ( - ) *\'7:'Mi*SA. , U ;< :>' 1;t * ! 3Etl ; f: i :
(p=0.02) @> :d: - E::. i6;j;U tj; " . L , : ::i@ ib '7;' =t' U -4) 5.0 mg/m'. yr t lib:j3 A SMR=2.40 (1.24-4.20) . Lt:. :1 ffjij (-) 37t! i lc;;Eg 'C': fiib
(- ) : 3 ' *Ltd. Q, @? *.&i;;VIR5 ! 15 C io t
f> , 1 !1 @>ft - !*:lE;1!d{; ' U t: C : *. 1;>, : 1g
( -) 'C'3g&!) , *Lt:1;,,$ !t:. fii: 0> , : }: L != ,: , , 0 V: !*'!i '. . g, * :, :: v. , !: L /::. ,9, ; . 1=, l fiib;! 1t
:.' U :b l;di!Efiib*'A, @> *J ; ;:{ 'Cit ,:: V*.=. . 7j*. <1
*L: ,. L*,. L, :::63 3,, Bib*SA, j: l7j;;6* ;*;:: < *., @>ji: :1 *&*C;*: v* c !: *. Q, ;gV1= 1tj! $ -d<d5 ,,
!= :; . ;' u 7::.
12) Ulm et 0!. (1999)" ' ! Efrb 0 F'E:'1 ky';t:J=. 7:'>' U 7b;Bi 1 gg : ;fySA, ,@>, d; . SF1 ' . i=b),
iE;4& 1 ' *J1 != L, t* 5t>' U 7b 1=! 3h Lt: i
,ih : . j=o v. 'C:!i j - *'ftt!-13f > . jii. 1? 4 y:E. :E,
!21, 1;0r i7 :!j!c iE - L. i:: 247 : @> 1 ! f:, 19g: !'C? v ?" 7 :?' L it: 795: 4)E* . Eih;d*A, lJ x : ' 1*, },
~: ' (qh. 7*1 Ef;;' 0. L5mg. m' vs li 1< 0.15) 3S:
t OR=0,85 (0,58-i25), R t ffa jn EF i i l!g ,E; t?
OR=0,91 (0.57.1.46), *it!!E 3, ;t:' OR = 1.02 (0.67-l. 55). ': -j;i:ij;"& :: L, C *L l,, O C !: *', Q,, *7i; i
,' U 7b E:lib*'A, 0, : ,:: L : *7;i . Jfiib , 'Ol!;
'9**Si :! 7il:!f T 'it: T t , 7:1, :i ,i4 0;g
V. >' ,J :;b ft 3 :, 'tOfiib7 3A, U X ' 1, 7:: V*, !: : '&;: L
L
~.
13) Baur et @1. (2000)" '. Ulm et 0!. (1999) !=*t'*'
, , L, , -. :,., j 75 ! gf;j**&0" !: a , , i :'7'F : /::
lt El= Ut::** . '0. *&J< .; @>77 : B : . ; ' l
; > L, * 3i '; at Ut:.
14) Soutar et@!. (2000)" ' 1ARC (L997) 1CJ: b' ' j E:j*jBjv* V: .*'L*:;i ',::1= '7' 7t 1 U l, ',. - .
Q, !c l 1 'iL, - 7;63 1997 @F !=<ti L t:::Et;j*!Z5i - f 7 .
*3:t L it:. ; ;!E ;&fg7ic , o t S, ,iJ 7b 11 3J . tii '@>lii 'A, ,) X :>'i5t;V !;8 *L. 5 :b* - . j pg{ Fl ' 1j. !: L it=;Jf :1* Q. '*L 4>;E3*:b* :1 'C85 - != . 2.
L tv, ::: v, . ' lj x F /< 4 1* !=h,'j' ,>, : - 7t. lt;B,l ' . :Fl*iLit: f9 ti, : @>,,; . ! ' . t@>13f971= 1 , *t;2. &> Q, *L, 19b: != 3: : *6-0 !'l:. 1! 'C ; V. . : fii 0: $ '1=B, ' . f3 1, :~ :LtBi6*'/., i .; < 'd* . ;E, i! 0=;i<6 1 , e3
! :R !, $'*f/<, 1' 7;< t= .1: T 1:El, : ;;:i&t:' ::v*.
R9:!=R ,j : Fjm ' . j ' 5 ;1 !t!zb* v. . ja;6.0j jjt
; , g 1= 6v*t6!h !!=; tir l, it:;6 :6! f3 7:'
l, U >!.:?' @:)t ;fyU :'3a&b::*. o t:.
15) Cban et @!, (2000)""' Vg, jf t:'1981::l:!;! lihti!:ali ; *1, ?!: L. 502 :71 . * - } 4 i 1997 >1&51@ : t:'i ; U,
'@>Ea@> !;1> B$ . a'i : U it:. lii**A. ,bET= :33 : i!= 0' 1 1 SMR=1.94 (1.35-2.70) !: ;+$;: L i::;b< ita
i6*E'C:0:#: Bj 'i5*; : != J: b jg t'L, j ;5*A, El=V: . U 7b! B3 iEa , i ! 0 ! @>R51=E4i .;g!b
;::;5.0 t::. C tD C l: :6* Q, Bitr*<A. ,** lib, j: 1!dj ' "; "!: Q. ' {*: t . ;$*'$', , V;rr. .!,tJ G, *L ' :.' V :b :
l, :lih*SA, U X : ' 1= :.l- L :g:v*, !: *J ' Ui::.16) Wong (2000)" ' Chan et @Z. (2000) !=* "j~- 1, '
' -'Ci; !TO, l:'#1:\11 Ui:, Ol: Bi ; $ '1= 0'
< = * - } 1t -, U 7b il E3:,i ' .{ '$j . ,5: V., @ : ib;!
@:):lig : !: lift*3 A, O l;, i @> < D lt :, U 7b :gi. !: ,ih S A,
Ol;q;!g ; ' ,';' U ' ':ii L :@: V ., @lgg: j 6 **35 !,. :v. 'Clg3:hg!= J: . 7b*7 :.; 7c3 j Ltv. T j *t )
.5,, @Ritt**A, U ;!. @> .t::;5 1 : 9 'V: 1 ; ' '-OO ;b . . ,J -1=, 'j?*l'.>" C :ld:>1<;iJ!;U, 0 , U:b: 'EEOlii**A. , U X ' 1::; ; 0 C > V*t:&b, 1 E7
li* ' 8: b *i5 t;{b*':. . LChan et o!.@)1 1:j;: @ @ 1t
~, ; . 0@"C~* /*..@>lg>: ' .!$;j, ji , . , jtr193 i;'tV! .*,*3'Cv. .>, i: ij 1:ji t= J: 0 'Ctbi L7t:. Ol, :1 1 : U, '0> J: ' ;::;h'1 1 J: b ; 1; fi\ fl:.: &b'Cv. . . j
17) Checkoway and Franzblau (2000) " ' LARC(L997) tFjjj, ., :!j', ftih;j*A, U ;< : ' *S jib; ' '1= . i$:
i'L. 3, d. j *. 1=0 V*'C :jVk ;;;t L ;t:*iV *, C *L :':?@> f3' 1d:, @ fiib4 0S lBi0i<5i' :&E ' b , @
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diatomaceous earthindusrry. '; 8, Re.analysis ot lung cancermortality. . . witb
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} 9. Lung eancer amongworkers exposed to
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IO. Lung cancer riskamong refractorybrick workers exposed
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2. MCDonald (1995.Scand j Work Environ}lealth): Staffordshire f9E@, lst phase
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pottery workers:radiographic validationofan exposure macrixfor respirablecrystalline silica(Abstractj"
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pottery workers:nested case referentanalysis on lungcancer. '
+3. MCDonald (1997. 1n: 17. Cohort mo titylnhaledPardc!esVmj studyofStaffordshire
pottery workers: Lungcancer. radiographicchanges. si\icae:, posure and smokinghabit (Abstracr)"
.Pla@!i, S Q iE@>65, i ' 1. Cben (1992. J OccupChinese potteryworkers Med)
t8. Mortality amongdusr, exposed Chinesemine and potteryworkers. "
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19. A nested case-co, itro! study of l\ingcancer among silicaexposed workers inChina.
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20. Silicosis and lungcancer in NorthCarolina dusty tradesworkers, '
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in North Carolinadusty trades. '
22. Reevaluation of
silicosis and lungcancer in NorthCarolina dusry tradesworkers'"
3. Amandus (1992. Am Jl:id Medi
23. An associationbetween silicosis andlung cat, cer. '
!6:*: , . 4 1. i,(;ii U +;')
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5. Ktirppa (1986. 1ti:Siliea. Silicosis, andCancer. Controversy*)
6. Partanen t1994. j 25.1, icreased incidenceof lung and skincancer in Finnishsilicodc gatients. "'
Occup Med)
1 .
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; iR 43 , 2001
24. Lung canceramongsdicodcs in Finlaitd. "
WGt
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,1. .
., :iatl) lnternationa! Agency for Research on Cancer. lARC
Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of
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. MCDonald JC. Gibbs GW, Liddell FD, MCDonald AD.
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.
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