* how did exercise affect your heart rate? why do you think this happened? * how does your heart...
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*How did exercise affect your heart rate? Why do you think this happened?
*How does your heart rate affect the rate at which red blood cells travel throughout your body?
*Did your heart rate return to normal (or almost normal) after you rested? Why or why not?
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Jessica Nieto
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The double pump
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Chambers of the heart; valves
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) can trace conductionof electrical signals through the heart
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Aberrant ECG patterns indicate damage
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The cardiovascular system has three types of blood vessels:* Arteries (and arterioles) – carry blood away from the heart
* Capillaries – where nutrient and gas exchange occur
* Veins (and venules) – carry blood toward the heart.
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*Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the heart.
*The largest artery is the aorta.
*The middle layer of an artery wall consists of smooth muscle that can constrict to regulate blood flow and blood pressure.
*Arterioles can constrict or dilate, changing blood pressure.
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*Capillaries have walls only one cell thick to allow exchange of gases and nutrients with tissue fluid.
*Capillary beds are present in all regions of the body but not all capillary beds are open at the same time.
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*Venules drain blood from capillaries, then join to form veins that take blood to the heart.
*Veins have much less smooth muscle and connective tissue than arteries.
*Veins often have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood when closed.
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*The heart is a cone-shaped, muscular organ located between the lungs behind the sternum.
100,800 beats per dayWith every beat, about 70mL of blood is pumped out of the heart!!
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*The heart muscle forms the myocardium, with tightly interconnect cells of cardiac muscle tissue.
The pericardium is the outer membranous sac with lubricating fluid.
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*Four chambers:
two upper, thin-walled atria,
two lower, thick-walled ventricles.
*The septum is a wall dividing the right and left sides.
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*Each heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle.
*When the heart beats, the two atria contract together, then the two ventricles contract; then the whole heart relaxes.
*Systole is the contraction of heart chambers
*Diastole is their relaxation.
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* The cardiovascular system includes two circuits:
1)Pulmonary circuit which circulates blood through the lungs, and
2)Systemic circuit which circulates blood to the rest of the body.
3)Both circuits are vital to homeostasis.
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*Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries.
*Modern research efforts have improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
*Major cardiovascular disorders include atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, aneurysm, and hypertension.
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*Atherosclerosis is due to a build-up of fatty material (plaque), mainly cholesterol, under the inner lining of arteries.
*The plaque can cause a thrombus (blood clot) to form.
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*A cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, results when an embolus lodges in a cerebral blood vessel or a cerebral blood vessel bursts; a portion of the brain dies due to lack of oxygen.
*A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when a portion of heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen.
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*Partial blockage of a coronary artery causes angina pectoris, or chest pain.
*An aneurysm is a ballooning of a blood vessel, usually in the abdominal aorta or arteries leading to the brain.
*Death results if the aneurysm is in a large vessel and the vessel bursts.
*Atherosclerosis and hypertension weaken blood vessels over time, increasing the risk of aneurysm.
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*Heart transplants are routinely performed but immunosuppressive drugs must be taken thereafter.
*There is a shortage of human organ donors. *Work is currently underway to improve self-contained artificial hearts, and muscle cell transplants may someday be useful.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE&feature=related