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SLIDE 1© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved.
MOEMOE
16-Jul-09
“Cambodia’s Presentation
on Experiences Using the POPs Toolkit”
by Roath Sith
Final Regional WorkshopDa Nang, Viet Nam, 2009
SLIDE 2© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
Experience using the POPs Toolkit
Contaminated Sites
Key Receptors and Exposure Pathways
Risk Management Goals and Sub-Goals
Economic Analysis
Conclusions
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Overall Experience using the POPs Toolkit (1)
Application of POPs Toolkit for the case study:
POPs Toolkit was used for training and conducting riskassessment/management for a major transformer andelectrical equipment warehouse, Phnom Penh;
The tools were found to be practical and robust.However, its application is limited due to limitedcapacity (further training is needed), and limited accessto internet;
MOE is looking for further support in training of trainersand users of POPs Toolkit.
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Overall Experience using the POPs Toolkit (2)
Sambour Warehouse:
Site just operate since 1997,
Found PCBs in dielectric oil,
Tested confirmed PCBs expose to soil (>2.6-10.2times, WHO-2005), animal and human,
Population within 1km radium ~1300 persons
Site Prioritization Score (from Toolkit): 71
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Overall Experience using the POPs Toolkit (3)
Location of the Sambour EDC Warehouse and sampling sites
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Overall Experience using the POPs Toolkit (4)
Blood PCB concentrations (homologues) of EDC employees andfamily members (pg/g lipid),
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Top 3 Contaminated Sites (1)
Results of using the POPs Toolkit to obtain the score from theRisk Prioritization Tool
Site Name Site Prioritization Score(from Toolkit)
Contaminants of Concern /Comments
Contaminated Site 1
Chak AngreTransformerWorkshop
81 – class 1 (highpriority for action)
PCBs, and potentialdioxin.
Contaminated Site 2
Stung Mean chheylandfill
76.5 – class 1 (highpriority for action)
DDT, Dioxin/Furan, PCBsand other persistent toxicsubstances
Contaminated Site 3
Prek Puth Mean BoonCrematorium
65 - Class 2 (Medium-high priority for Action)
Dioxin/Furan, and otherpersistent toxicsubstances
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Top 3 Contaminated Sites (2)
1. What can be done to deal with this problem?
Further action would be to assess health risks to
humans and natural environment from exposure to
persistent organic chemicals of concern:
Mobilize human and financial supports;
Data collection;
Problem formulation;
Exposure & toxicity analysis; and
Risk characterization & way towards risk management (if risk is
unacceptable).
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Top 3 Contaminated Sites (3)
2. Mechanism (incl. legal) for POPs management
Law on environmental protection and natural resources
management,
3 sub-decrees on: solid waste management, water pollution
control, and control of air pollution and noise disturbance,
National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention,
MOE’s strategy and action plan (2009-2013)
Department of Environmental Pollution Control, and
Laboratory
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Top 3 Contaminated Sites (4)
3. Challenges for managing contaminated sites
Gaps in environmental laws and legislation,
Limited enforcements,
Limited professional skills,
Limited budget,
Limited background data and information,
Lack of waste reception facilities for general, infectious and
hazardous wastes,
High illiterate people and limited awareness raising activities
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Top 3 Contaminated Sites (5)
4. Communication to address problems
In the context of competing national priorities and limited
resources, a well-developed risk communication to policy-
makers must be in place for Fostering national political and
securing financial commitments
Strengthening the capacity (human and institutions)
Application of BAT/BEP
Conducting public awareness raising
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Top 3 Contaminated Sites (6)
5. Limitations or problems experienced in dealingwith contaminated sites in the country
Staff with appropriate qualification in the field of risk
assessment and management is extremely limited;
Lack of proper incentive/encouragement for staff to spend
quality time on RA/RM of POPs;
Lack of data and appropriate technology; and
Lack of proper awareness about the contribution of the POPs
and chemical management to the poverty eradication that is
on the top of national political agenda.
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Key Receptors and Exposure Pathways
Site Name Exposure Pathways # People Potentially Impacted /Other Receptors
Contaminated Site 1
Chak Angre TransformerWorkshop
-Dermal contact;
-Ingestion;
-Inhalation
-Repaired workers,
-General workers
Contaminated Site 2
Stung Mean Chheydumpsite
-Dermal contact;
-Ingestion;
-Inhalation
-Scavengers, includingchildren
-Nearby residents
-Dumpsite workers/ officers
Contaminated Site 3
Prek Puth Mean BoonCrematorium
-Inhalation
-Dermal contact;
-Ingestion;
-Nun, layperson
-Nearby residents
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Risk Management Goals and Sub-Goals
Site Name Management Goal Management Sub-Goals
ContaminatedSite 1 (ChakAngreTransformerWorkshop)
Protect human healthand the environmentfrom adverse affectedby PCBs
To minimize health risks ofworkers,
Apply ESM (BAT/BEP) at site,
Clean up the site, or makecontainment if budget unavailable
ContaminatedSite 2 (StungMean Chheydumpsite)
Prevent the release ofcontaminants intoenvironment andprotect human health
Convert dumpsite to sanitarylandfill,
Minimize risks to workers andresidents,
Apply 3R,
Raise public awareness
ContaminatedSite 3 (Prek PuthMean BoonCrematorium)
Minimize (or eliminate)the formation andrelease of U-POPs
Improve existing crematoria tomodern one,
Remove unwanted items and useclean energy for burning corpses
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Economic Analysis
Gaps in legislationincl. enforcement,
Economic is intransition,
No nationaltechnical guideline
Limitedknowledge andawareness raising
Main factorsSite Name RiskManagementScenario
Estimate Cost ofImplementation
ContaminatedSite 1(TransformerWorkshop)
Training
Application ofESM
TBC
ContaminatedSite 2(dumpsite)
Training
Application ofESM
TBC
ContaminatedSite 3(Crematorium)
Developmentof policy &guideline
Awarenessraising
TBC
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Conclusions
Need further study on other hot spots for RA&RM
Need further training for officers (national and provinciallevels)
Toolkits must be available in local language
Toolkit can be used at both internet and non-internet bases
Sustainable use of Toolkit is every much important
Toolkit must be applicable to take RA for other hazardouschemicals, i.e. heavy metals rather than POPs
Need further trainings for officers on how to us Toolkit forsites assessment and management,
Needs further assistance from development partners, as LeastDeveloping Countries seem to become victim to theircommitment to the international agreements
SLIDE 17© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved. 16-Jul-09
For further information contact: Name: Department of Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of
EnvironmentAddress: #48, Samdech Preah Sihanouk, Tonle Bassac,Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, CambodiaEmail: [email protected]
Thank You