-government -seigneurial system -church new france
TRANSCRIPT
-Government
-Seigneurial System
-Church
NEW FRANCE
GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE
In charge of New France while king was in France
Had a lot of power because communication with France was diffi cult
New France and France sometime did not have communication with each other from more than 6 months
New France’s government was expensive and ineffi cient
The Royal Government was replaced by the British government in 1763
SOVEREIGN COUNCIL
Governor GeneralFigurehead of the king in New France – living symbol of king’s authority
Had the most power in New FranceNobleman with military background
Responsible for: military planning, making a good relationship with First Nations people, seeing that other officials did their job
SOVEREIGN COUNCIL
Comte de Frontenac (1622-1698)Became Governor General in 1672Was made to return to France in 1682 when he fought with the bishop and intendant
Returned to New France in 1689 to attack the British and expand fur trade
GOVERNOR GENERAL
The BishopRepresented Catholic church in New France
Ruled over the priests and nunsWas in charge of hospitals, , churches, schools and missionaries
Chosen by the kingMade sure the communities were getting along
SOVEREIGN COUNCIL
Francois de Laval (1623-1708)Jesuit priestStarted living in Quebec in 1659Became Bishop in 1674Wanted to make First Nations people Christians
THE BISHOP
Intendant: Supervised the colony in issues of finance, and law and order
NoblemanCommunicated with the king about what happened in New France
SOVEREIGN COUNCIL
Jean Talon (1625-1694)New France’s first intendantWanted to move colony away from being based in fur trade to being based in agriculture (farming) and industry, but population was too small
Encouraged population growth through marriage grants (money for getting married) and baby bonuses (money for having babies)
Introduced new crops (flax and hops), started lumber and shipyard industry, encouraged mining
INTENDANT
-Structure-Women-France-Famrland
SEIGNEURIAL SYSTEM
New France built along St. Lawrence River
STRUCTURE OF THE SEIGNEURIES
Long, narrow strips of land
Land passed on through generations
King owned all the land and allowed seigneurs to use it
Seigneurs hired habitants to farm the land
STRUCTURE OF THE SEIGNEURIES
Duties of Seigneur Divide land and give it to habitants Build house and flour mill on land/seigneury Help with building of church Give Intendant information about land, money
and population
Duties of the Habitant Pay taxes to seigneur Build a house and farm the land Unpaid labour for seigneur a few days a year Give some produce (fish, crops) to seigneur every
year
STRUCTURE OF THE SEIGNEURIES
Women could have landEncouraged to marry at 16 years old
If their husband died, the woman would inherit the land Some women took control of the landOthers gave it to their sons
WOMEN IN THE SEIGNEURIES
Rulers of New France tried to copy the systems of France
The seigneurial system in France only benefitted seigneurs – a lot of profit from cheap labour
In New France, seigneurs and habitants both benefitted
Seigneur had power and status Habitant had freedom, wealth and land
Seigneurs in New France not as wealthy as seigneurs in France
Taxes were low and habitants could keep most of their produce
St. Lawrence river made travel easy
COMPARED TO FRANCE
As more habitants came to New France, new land was needed and new seigneuries started
Many First Nations people moved because of fur trade – slowly started losing land
Many habitant men married First Nations women and worked as farmers or fur traders
OBTAINING FARMLAND
- In the Towns
- On the Seigneuries
- Role in Education and Health Care
THE CHURCH
Roman Catholic Church was very important – almost everyone in New France was Catholic
Only Roman Catholics could emigrate to New France
Church business included: missionary work, education, hospitals and charity work
Church influenced the government through the Bishop
People of New France limited Church’s power and income by refusing to pay taxes
THE CHURCH
Three main towns: Quebec, Montreal, Trois Riviéres Located along St. Lawrence River
Quebec was military centre of New France
IN THE TOWNS
Montreal was started in 1642 - centre of fur trade by 1660
IN THE TOWNS
Seigneuries provided habitants with a church
Churches were either wooden or stoneEach area supposed to have own
priests, but there were often not enough priests
Priests performed services for people:Spiritual service – baptism, marriage, funeralLegal service – wills, business transactionsGovernment service – registered births and deaths, gave government announcements
Personal services – provided news and gossipChurch was centre of religious and
social life
ON THE SEIGNEURIES
Church was only source of education in New France
Taught children how to read and write Latin and French, about Catholic religion and math
Many children did not get an education – in Quebec, only boys who wanted to become priests received an education
Many boys were illiterate because they needed to work on farms
Girls often had better education than boys
ROLE IN EDUCATION
Church was only organization that cared for sick people, people with disabilities, orphans, and the elderly
Nuns usually responsible for caring for the sick
Ursuline Nuns made colony’s first hospital in Quebec in 1639
1659 – Montreal’s first hospital
ROLE IN HEALTH CARE