frontalis ◦ o: frontal bone ◦ i: eyebrow skin ◦ action: elevates eyebrows
TRANSCRIPT
Orbicularis oculi◦Sphincter muscle of eyelid◦O: frontal & maxillary bones◦I: tissue of eyelid◦Action: closes eye◦Nerve: facial / CN VII
(11.6)
Orbicularis oris◦Sphincter muscle
around mouth◦O: Maxilla;
mandible◦I: skin around
mouth◦Action: closes/
protrudes lips
Zygomaticus ◦O: zygomatic bone◦I: corners of mouth◦Action: smiling◦Nerve: facial / CN VII
(11.6)
Major and Minor
Platysma◦Broad plate-like
muscle◦O: chest fascia◦I: mandible; skin at
corners of mouth◦Action: depresses
mandible, pulls lower lip down
Masseter ◦O: zygomatic arch◦I: angle & ramus of
mandible◦Action: elevate
mandible◦Nerve: trigeminal
nerve / CN V (foramen ovale)
(11.7a)
Masseter
Temporalis ◦O: temporal fossa◦I: coronoid
process of mandible
◦Action: elevate and retract mandible
◦Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V
(11.7a)
Sternocleidomastoid ◦O: manubrium &
medial clavicle◦I: mastoid process of
temporal bone◦Action: head & neck
flexion, rotate head contralaterally
◦Nerve: accessory n. / CN XI
(11.8a)
Styloglossus ◦ O: styloid process of
temporal bone◦ I: tongue◦ Action: retract & elevate
tongue◦ Nerve: hypoglossal n. /
CN XII
(11.7c)
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus ◦ O: hyoid bone◦ I: tongue◦ Action: depresses
tongue◦ Nerve: hypoglossal n. /
CN XII
(11.7c)
Hyoid bone
Digastric ◦ two muscle bellies with an
intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone
◦ O: inferior margin of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid process of temporal bone (posterior belly)
◦ I: hyoid bone◦ Action: elevate hyoid, stabilize
hyoid, depress mandible◦ Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V
(anterior belly), facial n. / CN VII (posterior belly)
(11.8a)Anterior belly Posterior belly
Stylohyoid ◦ O: styloid process of
temporal bone◦ I: hyoid bone◦ Action: elevate &
retract hyoid, swallow◦ Nerve: facial n. / CN VII
(11.7c)
Stylohyoid
Sternohyoid ◦ O: manubrium &
medial end of clavicle
◦ I: hyoid bone◦ Action: depress
hyoid
(11.8a)
Sternohyoid
Pharyngeal constrictors ◦ O: mandible, pterygoid
process, hyoid, laryngeal cartilages
◦ I: posterior medial raphe of pharynx
◦ Action: peristaltic contraction / swallow
(11.8b)
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Gluteus muscles◦ Maximus
O: post. Ilium/ sacrum; I: gluteal tuberosity
Action: thigh extension; ext. rotation; abduction
◦ Medius O: post. Ilium; I: gluteal tuberosity Action: thigh abduction
◦ Minimus (deep) O: post. Ilium; I: gluteal tuberosity Action: thigh abduction
Gluteus muscles◦Minimus (deep)
O: post. Ilium; I: gluteal tuberosity
Action: thigh abduction
Hip & knee muscles
Hip & knee muscles Adductors
– O: Ischium/ pubis– I: femur– Action: adduct
thigh Sartorius
– O: ant. Iliac crest– I: medial tibial
tuberosity– Action: thigh
flexion; abduction; ext. rotation
Hip & knee muscles Tensor fasciae latae
– O: Iliac crest– I: lateral condyle tibia– Action: thigh abduction
Iliopsoas– O: ilium– I: lesser trochanter– Action: thigh flexion (P.M.)
Gracilis– O: pubis; I: prox. medial
tibia– Action: adduct thigh
Quadriceps femoris ◦O: Proximal
femur◦I: tibial
tuberosity via patellar tendon
◦Action: extend knee, flex thigh
Quadriceps femoris ◦O: Proximal
femur◦I: tibial
tuberosity via patellar tendon
◦Action: extend knee, flex thigh
Vastuslateralis
Vastusintermedius
Vastusmedialis
Patella
Patellarligament
Rectus femoristendon (cut)
Tibialis anterior◦ O: lateral condyle and shaft
of tibia◦ I: tarsal and first metatarsal
bones◦ Action: dorsiflexion
Extensor digitorum longus◦ O: lat. Condyle tibia; I:
phalanges 2-5◦ Action: extends toes,
dorsiflexion
Gastrocnemius ◦O: medial & lateral
condyles of femur◦I: calcaneus via Achilles
tendon◦Action: plantar flexion, flex knee
Soleus ◦ plantar flexion
Fibularis◦ plantar flexion, eversion
Spinalis ◦ O: spines of upper
lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
◦ I: spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
◦ Action: extends vertebral column
(11.9d)
External & internal intercostals ◦ O&I: inferior &
superior border of ribs ◦ Action: inspiration and
expiration
(11.10a)
Internal
Diaphragm ◦ O: xiphoid process, ribs
10-12, lumbar vertebrae
◦ I: central tendon◦ Action: flattens on
contraction (inspiration)
◦ Nerve: phrenic nerves
(11.10b)
Xiphoid process
Rectus abdominis ◦ O: pubic crest &
symphysis◦ I: xiphoid process and
costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
◦ Action: flex & rotate lumbar vertebrae, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure
◦ Note: 3 tendinous insertions, aponeurosis & linea alba (11.11ab)
Trapezius ◦ O: occipital bone, C7-
T12 spinous processes◦ I: acromion, spine of
scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
◦ Action: elevate, adduct, depress scapula, extend head
(11.13b)
POSTERIORVIEW
Latissimus dorsi◦ O: Fascia spines T7-
L5◦ I: intertuburcular
groove humerus◦ Action: PM arm
extension, adduction arm
Rhomboid◦ O: spinous process C7-
T5◦ I: medial scapula◦ Action: adduct scapula
Levator scapulae◦ O: Transverse process
C1-C4◦ I: medial border
scapula◦ Action: elevate scapula
Deltoid ◦ O: lateral clavicle,
acromion & spine of scapula
◦ I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
◦ Action: arm-abduction, flexion, extension, medial & lateral rotation
(11.13ab)
Anterior
Posterior
Teres major O: medial inferior
scapula I: intertuburcular
groove humerus (ant. side)
Action: medial arm rotation, adducts arm
Shoulder musclesShoulder muscles
Act to stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity and prevent dislocation
S.I.T.S.
◦Supraspinatous◦Infraspinatus ◦Teres minor◦Subscapularis
Infraspinatus◦ O: infraspinous fossa◦ I: greater tubercle of
humerus◦ Action: lateral rotate
humerus Teres minor
◦ O: inf. lat. Border scapula
◦ I: greater tubercle◦ Action: lateral rotate
humerus
(11.14b)
POSTERIORVIEW
Subscapularis ◦ O: subscapular fossa◦ I: lesser tubercle of
humerus◦ Action: medial rotate
arm
ANTERIORVIEW
Pectoralis major ◦ O: medial clavicle,
sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6
◦ I: intertubucular groove humerus
◦ Action: arm-flexion, medial rotation, adduction
(11.13a)
-Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)
Pectoralis minor ◦ O: anterior surface of
ribs 3-5◦ I: coracoid process of
scapula◦ Action: with ribs fixed,
pulls scapula anterior & inferior; with scapula fixed, pulls ribs superiorly
◦ Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)
(11.13a)
Triceps brachii ◦ O: long head-
infraglenoid tubercle, lat. & med. heads-posterior shaft of humerus
◦ I: olecranon process of ulna
◦ Action: extend forearm, assist adduction of arm
◦ Nerve: Radial nerve (11.14b)
Biceps brachii ◦ O: short head-coracoid
process, long head-tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity (intertubercular groove)
◦ I: radial tuberosity◦ Action: flex elbow, supinate
forearm, weak arm flexor◦ Nerve: Musculocutaneous
nerve (C5 & C6)
(11.14c)
Serratus anterior ◦ O: ribs 1-9◦ I: medial border of
scapula◦ Action: hold scapula
against chest wall, moves inferior angle of scapula lateral & superior (abduction, pushing, punching)
(11.13a,8.1a reversed)
Flexor carpi (radialis & ulnaris) ◦ O: medial epicondyle
of humerus, ulna◦ I: metacarpals and
carpals◦ Action: wrist flexion,
abduct & adduct hand
◦ Carpal tunnel (Median nerve) syndrome p. 184
(11.15a)Anterior view
radialis
ulnaris
Extensor carpi◦ O: lateral epicondyle of
humerus◦ I: base of metacarpals ◦ Action: extend, abduct,
and adducts wrist◦ Palpate forearm
muscles