© fraunhofer isi dara hallinan & philip schütz fraunhofer institute for systems and innovation...
TRANSCRIPT
© Fraunhofer ISI
D a r a H a l l i n a n & P h i l i p S c h ü t z
Fr a u n h o f e r I n s t i t u t e f o r S y s t e m s a n d I n n o v a t i o n Re s e a r c h
NEURODATA AND SURVEILLANCE
Source: http://psychophysiology.blogspot.de/2009_10_01_archive.html
International Conference on Security, Ethics and Justice Tübingen, 23.06.2012
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• What is neurodata? How is it collected?
• Areas of applications, surveillance and security
potentials
• How neurodata engages Data Protection
- Unique characteristics of neurodata
- Significance of these differences
Overview
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WHAT IS NEURODATA?
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• Measuring brain activity by
depicting changes in blood
flow
• Pure imaging technology
• Expansive, immobile and
difficult-to-use
• Medical and neuro-
marketing application areas
Funct ional magnet ic resonance imaging ( fMRI)
Source: http://www.readingresearch.kennedykrieger.org/fMRIs.html
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• Detecting and recording
specific brain activities by
measuring electrical impulses
• Imaging and steering
technology
• Low priced, mobile and easy-to-
use
• Applications: Mental type-
writer, Brain2Robot, Games
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Source: http://www.experimentation-online.co.uk/article.php?id=1253
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Source: http://scientopia.org/blogs/scicurious/2010/06/16/what-does-that-mri-signal-mean-anyway/Source: http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/central/epileptic.html
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• Cognitive science provides ever deeper insight
into brain as set of systems
• Neurodata has value in all contexts of activity
related to decision-making and actions of
individuals
• BUT: Exaggerated expectations
• Technological determinism
The Value of Neurodata
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• Initial use and development in medical contexts
• Use contexts now expanding to
- Marketing
- Games
- Law enforcement
- Military/intelligence services
Use Contexts
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• Authentication and Identification
• Neuro-imaging in criminal proceedings as
- Neuro lie detector
- Proof for (in-)sanity (diminished vs. full
responsibility) of the suspect
• Revelation of secrets or prediction of behaviour
(precrime)
Neurodata in the security discourse
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• Neurodata and the brain as information
• Alteration in the relationship between the
individual and representative data
• Level of insight into the individual, potential to
predict
• Neurodata enables novel aspects of the
individual to be represented in informatic form
Unique Qualities of Neurodata
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• Data protection framework and concepts shaped by context of relevance
and directed development
- Focus on systems of processing rather than changes in
characteristics of data – limited concept of data – neurodata has
unique characteristics in data
• Definition of data key to substance to be controlled
- Forms keystone of framework
- Balance and mechanics dependant on applicability of definition
• Not certain whether application of framework to processing of neurodata
will achieve aims of framework
Neurodata in a Conventional Data System
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• Data Protection framework relies on undefined concept of
autonomy
• Neurodata offers different form of data-based interaction with
individual
- Not based on traditional informatic representations of the
individual but on the analysis of systems ‘behind’ the
individual
• Level of insight into, and power over, the individual may be
unique - protection rules may not achieve desired ends
• Even if this shift were recognised, which principles could be
applied?
Data Protection and Autonomy
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• Data Protection transfers particular set of principles onto data
sphere and processing actions – which principles is based on
conception of nature of data
• Neurodata focuses on the brain – a conceptually different space,
with different applicable principles
• Could the same framework be extended to broader relevance
- data protection has developed substance and meaning in
relation to development context
- on which principles would one base an extension?
Data Protection in a Community of Rights
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• Neurodata-based technologies expanding in use contexts and
sophistication
• Neurodata has significant value
• Neurodata has unique characteristics and link with the individual
• The application of the current framework may not achieve
desired ends
- The novel features of the data may not fit the conception in
the framework
- The brain as a source of data poses unique issues
Conclusion