- for some or for all?...dec 03, 2008 · • human rights • demographics – populations are...

ECom-IComp Experts Address Series (2008-2009)ADC314, 3/F, Admiralty Learning Centre I

HKU SPACE Admiralty Centre, 18 Harcourt Road, H.K

3 December 20083 December 2008

e inclusivenesse-inclusiveness- for some or for all?

Peter Olaf LoomsPeter Olaf Looms

DRDRDRDR

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Who I am and what I doWho I am and what I do

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Who I am and what I do

• Danish• Danish• Born in England• Studied at Cambridge

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W k 50% t DR D i h • Work 50% at DR, Danish Broadcasting Corporation

• Strategic projects

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• Strategic projectsOpen standards for metadata– Open standards for metadata-driven services like PVRs (personal video recorders)

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– Access services on digital TV in Europe

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– Access services on digital TV in Europe

–– Personal pocket media Personal pocket media R&D projectR&D project

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• Teaching at academic institutions

• IT University of CopenhagenD i h T h i l U i it• Danish Technical University

• University of Hong Kong• Murdoch University, Perth, WA• UNITEC, Auckland, NZUNITEC, Auckland, NZ• INA, Paris, France

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• Teaching at academic institutions

• IT University of CopenhagenD i h T h i l U i it• Danish Technical University

• University of Hong Kong• Murdoch University, Perth, WA• UNITEC, Auckland, NZUNITEC, Auckland, NZ• INA, Paris, France

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• Independent consultant

• Branding & communications

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• Independent consultant

• Media policy & strategy• FAS Ireland - Training &

Employment Board Employment Board (Media)

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•• Independent consultantIndependent consultant

• Games developmentGames development•• Video On DemandVideo On Demand

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1. What is the problem?

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1. What is the problem? IT is not fully accessible to all

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1. What is the problem? Some need help

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1. What is the problem? IT offers new options...

THH

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1. What is the problem? But first, what do we mean by e-inclusiveness?

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1. What is the problem? e-inclusiveness ≈ accessibility

PracticalPractical UsefulnessUsefulness UsabilityUsability Easy to learnEasy to learnPracticalPracticalacceptabilityacceptability UsefulnessUsefulness

CostCost

UsabilityUsability Easy to learnEasy to learn

Easy to rememberEasy to remember

ProductProductacceptabilityacceptability

CompatibilityCompatibility

ReliabilityReliability

UtilityUtility Efficient to useEfficient to use

ErrorError--freefreeacceptabilityacceptability

EnjoyableEnjoyable AccessibilityAccessibility Fun to useFun to use

SocialSocialacceptabilityacceptability

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Source: Source: Simeon Keates & John Clarkson. Countering design exclusion Simeon Keates & John Clarkson. Countering design exclusion -- an introduction to inclusive design.an introduction to inclusive design.Page 52. Springer Verlag London (2004). [Based on Jakob Nielsen (1993] Page 52. Springer Verlag London (2004). [Based on Jakob Nielsen (1993]

1. What is the problem? e-inclusiveness ≈ accessibility

PracticalPractical UsefulnessUsefulness UsabilityUsability LocomotionLocomotionPracticalPracticalacceptabilityacceptability UsefulnessUsefulness

CostCost

UsabilityUsability LocomotionLocomotion

Reach /stretchReach /stretch

ProductProductacceptabilityacceptability

CompatibilityCompatibility

ReliabilityReliability

UtilityUtility DexterityDexterity

VisionVisionacceptabilityacceptability

EnjoyableEnjoyable AccessibilityAccessibility HearingHearing

SocialSocialacceptabilityacceptability

CommunicationCommunication

IntellectIntellectIntellectIntellect

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Source: Source: Simeon Keates & John Clarkson. Countering design exclusion Simeon Keates & John Clarkson. Countering design exclusion -- an introduction to inclusive design.an introduction to inclusive design.Page 52. Springer Verlag London (2004). [Based on Jakob Nielsen (1993] Page 52. Springer Verlag London (2004). [Based on Jakob Nielsen (1993]

E-inclusiveness ≠ Exclusion http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/inclusivedesign/index.php?section=data&page=exclusion_calc

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E-inclusiveness ≠ Exclusion http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/inclusivedesign/index.php?section=data&page=exclusion_calc

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Exclusion http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/inclusivedesign/index.php?section=data&page=exclusion_calc

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47 million in the 16+ age groupg g p

i.e. 2.7% of population

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47 million in the 16+ age groupg g p

i.e. approx. 10% of population is excluded

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E-inclusiveness ≠ Exclusion Different definitions of capacity and impairment

f t t th tfrom one country to the next

USA UK17%

Hong Kong4%

19% 17%

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E-inclusiveness: the rationaleimpairment need not be equated with disability

• Human rightsImpairment: • Perception

C• Cognitive• Motion

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• Human rightsImpairment: • Perception

C• Cognitive• MotionDisability:Disability:• Impairments that

manifest themselves h h d lib through deliberate or

inadvertant lack of support by others

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• Human rights“recognizes and respects the right of persons with disabilities to benefit from measures designed to ensure their independence, social and occupation integration and participation in the life in the community.”

Article 26 of the Charter of Fundamental

Rights of the European Union.

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E-inclusiveness: the rationale

Assistive and Inclusive:• BBC offering subtitles on

100% of their television programmesprogrammes.

• Benefits the deaf and hard of hearing

AssistiveAssistive

I l iI l i46

InclusiveInclusive


Assistive and Inclusive:• Signing outside peak

viewing

AssistiveAssistive

I l iI l i47

InclusiveInclusive


Assistive:• Programmes for people

with impairments well away from prime timeaway from prime time.

ene

AssistiveAssistive

I l iI l iA programme about skiing for the blind

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InclusiveInclusive


• Human rights• Demographics

– Populations are aging”Baby boomers”– ”Baby boomers”

– Makes economic sense to ensure elderly are i d d t f l independent for as long as possible

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• Human rights• Demographics

– Populations are aging”Baby boomers”– ”Baby boomers”

– Makes economic sense to ensure elderly are i d d t f l independent for as long as possible

• The Business Case– Legal requirements– Corporate Social

Responsibilityespo s b ty– Costs & employees– Markets

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1. What is the problem? Conclusions

• There are a number of legal, ethical and economic reasons for working towards working towards e-inclusiveness

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2. How can we be more inclusive? The case of digital TV

1. What are the problems people have when accessing digital TV?

2 What are their causes?2. What are their causes?3. What options do we have

in the short and medium ?term?

4. What would it take to get widespread adoption ge desp ead adop oof access services?

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Source: Calculations based on data from Grundy, E, Ahlberg D, Ali M, Breeze E, Sloggett A (1999). Disbility in Great Britain: results from the 1996/97 Disability Follow-up to the Family Resources Survey. Charlesworth Group, Huddersfield, UK.

The switch from analogue to digitalwill be largely complete in 2012

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The political vision of Digital TVafter analogue shut-off

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Our view of analogue shut-off

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2. How can we be more inclusive? Stakeholders see things from their own perspective

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DRs problem:nogle af vores løsninger er på vej ud

Sunset solutions

mens nye alternativer er på vej frem

MPEG 2 solutions (DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C)

1st generationMPEG 2 solutions (DVB T, DVB S, DVB C)

MPEG 4 solutions (2nd generation DVB)2nd generation

Hybrid DVB + IP solutionsHybrid DVB + IP solutions

IPTV P2P IP B2H (?) l ti

602020 20251995 2000 2005 2010 2015

IPTV, P2P IP, B2H (?) solutions

Sunrise solutions

3. The options in the short to medium termAccess services and the platforms they are delivered onhave a finite life



612013 20142008 2009 2010 2011 2012 62

63 64

65 66

67 68

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3. The options in the short to medium termSome solutions are coming to the end of their useful lives.

Others are just emergingOthers are just emerging.



Picture in picture (as part of picture or overlay)needs to be reconsidered

Great solution!But the servicecannot scale up

712013 20142008 2009 2010 2011 2012

3. The options in the short to medium termSome solutions are coming to the end of their useful lives.

Others are just emergingOthers are just emerging.



Teletext is no longer appropriate on flat panel displaysneeds to be replaced by DVB subtitles/Digital Text & requires some kind of API

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needs to be replaced by DVB-subtitles/Digital Text & requires some kind of API

2013 20142008 2009 2010 2011 2012

3. The options in the short to medium termOthers are just emerging.

Ugly Ducking and Tiger Cub

Tiger Cub Ugly Duckling• Different• Cuddly and sweet at first

h

• Different• Disliked at first

f h d• Represents a threat when it grows up!

• Has a great future ahead!

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3. The options in the short to medium termMature services - how long is their useful life?



Identify theobstacles totake-up of

Examples ofbest practice(how to be p

mature accessservices

(effective &efficient)

742020 20251995 2000 2005 2010 2015

3. The options in the short to medium termSpotting Ugly Ducklings for the medium term

MPEG 4 solutions (2nd generation DVB)2nd generation

Hybrid DVB + IP solutionsHybrid DVB + IP solutions

IPTV P2P IP B2H (?) l ti

752020 20251995 2000 2005 2010 2015

IPTV, P2P IP, B2H (?) solutions

3. The options in the short to medium termWhen do we switch?

762020 20251995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Mature services on 1st generation DTV2009: Pilots of services in 4 territories

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Proof-of-concept for emerging services2009: Validation work in three territories

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3. The options in the short to medium termSpotting Ugly Ducklings for the medium term

Three success criteria:

Documented value for end users

Support for technological solutionSupport for technological solution

Sustainable business model

All criteria need to be met

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4. Promoting e-inclusivenessMaturity model for each service

Production TV channel TV service Contribution Transmission Reception Use Viewer

TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV

programme Aggregationof

TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)

Production of access

service

programmes, access

services andmetadata

intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV

Contributionof service totransmission

network

Distributionof service viatransmission

network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata

TV channel;playoutof TV

channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusivenessInterviews with each of the stakeholders


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusiveness Identify areas of consensus


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusiveness Identify areas of good practice


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusiveness Which issues have to be addressed when?


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusiveness A generic maturity model


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusiveness problems > causes > options > implications of each


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

86

4. Promoting e-inclusiveness


TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

87



TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

88



TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

89



TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

90



TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

91



TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

92



TVreceiver

and decoder

Production of TV


TVprogrammes

TVdisplaydevice

(vision +audio)


service

programmes, access


intoTV channel;

AggregationofTV

channelsintoTV


network


network

Access services

audio)

RemoteControlDevice

Production of

metadata


channel

TVservice

Informationabout TV

andaccess

iservices

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4. Promoting e-inclusiveness About the consortium

•Brunel RBB•Brunel•DR

RBBRed Bee Media •DR

•IRTRed Bee Media TVC

•RAI UAB

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ITU W3CITU W3C

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ITU W3CITU W3C

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World Wide Web: W3C Accessibility Initiative

•Web Standards from the W3C:

•Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)•http://www.w3.org/WAI/•••Recent developments in speech synthesis:•Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) Version 1.1•http://www w3 org/TR/2008/CR-speech-synthesis11-20081107/•http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/CR speech synthesis11 20081107/

•Recent developments in speech recognition:•Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS) Version 1.0p ( )•W3C Recommendation 14 October 2008•http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-pronunciation-lexicon-20081014/

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Worst case scenario for access services on 1st and 2nd generation digital TV!

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Thank you!

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Contact particulars

P t Ol f LPeter Olaf LoomsDR, Danish Broadcasting CorporationDR MediaStrategy & ProjectsDR-ByenEmil Holms Kanal 20DK-0999 Copenhagen CDENMARK

E: [email protected] , [email protected]: +45 51 56 75 46D: +45 35 20 83 66D: +45 35 20 83 66

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- for some or for all?...dec 03, 2008 · • human rights • demographics – populations are...

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