NEW SEATING CHART Find your new seat!! (1 = front, 6 = back)

No Bell Ringer today – we will get back into the swing of these next week (I will be out again tomorrow.)If you have yet to turn in your IPAD Permission Form – please do. There are lots of opportunities for us to use these!

NEW SEATING CHART Find your new seat!! (1 = front, 6 = back)

No Bell Ringer today – we will get back into the swing of these next week.If you have yet to turn in your IPAD Permission Form – please do. There are lots of opportunities for us to use these!

NEW SEATING CHART Find your new seat!! (1 = front, 6 = back)

No Bell Ringer today – we will get back into the swing of these next week.If you have yet to turn in your IPAD Permission Form – please do. There are lots of opportunities for us to use these!

MIDTERM EXAMS Overall very happy with these!

You do NOT have to keep these, but PLEASE DON’T LEAVE THEM ON THE FLOOR!!

Period As Bs Cs Fs1st Period 19 4 2 32nd Period 22 3 1 13rd Period 17 6 3 0TOTALS 58 13 6 4

BINDER CHECKS Classical Binder Checks and Bell Ringers

If your name is on the board (to the left) – I STILL NEED TO SEE YOURS!!!Please give it to me before you leave so I can check it.

EXTRA CREDIT Several of you came to the concert on Dec. 17th – we

need to get those extra credit points in!!

Next Extra Credit Opportunities: Tuesday March 18th – Jazz Band, Percussion Ensemble, & Guitar

ClassThursday March 20th – Middle School & High School Bands

THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Quick Historical Overview

UNIT SET-UP History Music (LOTS – all week)

Lieders, Piano Works, Program Music, OperasBeethoven, Schubert, Liszt, Chopin, Berlioz, Tchaikovsky,

Rossini, Wagner Dance (The Golden Age of Ballet!) & Theater Art

This unit will take us into the middle of February

WHAT ROMANTICISM IS ALL ABOUT In many ways, Romanticism was a rebellion against

the neoclassicism/classical period

The emphasis of Romanticism is individualism, imagination, free expression of feeling, communion with nature, and the idea of the creative artist as a visionary genius

The arts were seen by some as the highest form of human endeavor

WHAT ROMANTICISM IS ALL ABOUT Inspired by the French Revolution

Took place from 1789-1799 and affected history worldwide

The French people took their country back The bourgeoise fought to destroy the aristocracy Rising prices, a poor tax system, and large debts (the country was vitually

bankrupt) had people very angry with the country’s leaders Other factors: resentment of privileges possessed by the nobility, resentment

of the Catholic Church’s influence over public policy, aspirations for freedom of religion, aspirations for social, political, and economic equality, etc.

Represented in the musical/opera Les Miserables that we’ll watch in a few weeks.

HISTORY – THE AGE OF INDUSTRY 1800s

The Textile IndustryThe British textile industry was revolutionized to the point

where one worker with a machine could do as 4-5 people had previously accomplished

More cotton could be planted in the southern US, and more cotton could be processed courtesy of Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin (did the work of 12 slaves)

HISTORY – THE AGE OF INDUSTRY The early 1800s saw wide experimentation with

sources and uses of energy

Gas was now used as fuel and for illuminationGas was replaced by electricity before the century was over

The steam engine undertook a new more energy-efficient designLed to internal combustion engines

HISTORY – THE AGE OF INDUSTRY By the mid 19th century, the world’s transportation

system had undergone a complete revolution

Steam engines ran sawmills, printing presses, pumping stations, and hundreds of other kinds of machinery

Electricity was popular in the urban centers by the late 1800s

HISTORY – THE AGE OF INDUSTRY Electricity was able to be harnessed

Electrical energy was gradually applied to heating, lighting, and mechanical energy

The incandescent light bulb was created

Electric-powered street cars rendered horses obsolete by 1888

By 1895, Niagara Falls had been harnessed for hydroelectric power

By the end of the century, the Western world was fully mechanized

HISTORY – THE AGE OF INDUSTRY Mining production increased with the invention of new

explosives

In America, the production of steel made iron obsolete

With steel came the invention of the suspension bridgesMost famous – Brooklyn BridgeThe Brooklyn Bridge was designed based on the suspension

bridge in Cincinnati Ohio

Roebling Suspension Bridge – Cincinnati, OH

Brooklyn Bridge, New York City, NY

HISTORY – THE AGE OF INDUSTRY Food distribution increased with the development of ice

cabinets the size of railroad cars and improved ice related tools

Pasteurization was discovered, which eliminated a lot of milk-borne diseases

The canning industry increased with the invention of hermetic sealing

PEOPLE WERE HEALTHIER BECAUSE OF THESE DEVELOPMENTS

SOCIAL CHANGES

SOCIAL CHANGES The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread

to France and the rest of Europe in 1815By 1871, major industrial centers were established all over

Europe

Coal and iron gave Britain, Germany, France, and Belgium the lead in the European industry

However, vast resources of coal, iron, and other raw materials, more than all Europe had, propelled the US into a position of economic dominance

SOCIAL CHANGES Wealth increased enormously

The principal effect of industrialization was to centralize economic control

Populations grew as the mortality rate went down

A new call of machine workers, “blue-collar workers,” emerged.

SOCIAL CHANGES The new machine-worker class lived and worked in

deplorable conditions

They were basically slaves (with minimal pay)

They were subject to severe organizing restrictions, hampered by lack of education, and threatened constantly by the prospect of unemployment

The middle class, caught up in their own aspirations of wealth and power, ignored them

UNIONS Gradually, and not without bloodshed, workers

acquired the right to form unions

In the second half of the century, laborers began to unionize and promote their own interests

SOCIAL CHANGES The middle class turned towards Liberalism

Liberalism: a political program dedicated to advancing religious toleration and reducing the authority of a dominant Church

Part of the middle-class program was a laissez-faire approach – “Let people do as they please.”

SOCIAL CHANGES A new code of morality stressed individual freedom

The “free man” became the model of what one could achieve only by standing on one’s own feet and creating one’s own destinyLincoln abolishes slavery in the US in 1863

Individual freedom was achieved by struggle and eventual triumph

EDUCATION Only in Prussia was there a public school system that

provided mass educationPrussia – currently parts of Germany

Britain and France offered public education starting in the 1870s

In the US, local support for public education began as early as the 1820sElementary education was not offered until the end of the

19th century

SCIENTIFIC CHANGES

SCIENCE Scientific attention turned to investigating the atom

and formulating theories of evolution

In 1859, Charles Darwin put forward the concept of natural selection as the explanation of species development in “The Origin of Species”

Evolution was established as the framework that the science of biology would use for the foreseeable future

SCIENCE There was a clash between Christianity and evolution

Protestant denominations were able to come to grips with the principles of evolution easier than the CatholicsProtestants recognized the right of individuals to make

private judgments, while Catholics had to accept doctrinal control

This will all cause a shift to SECULAR subjects in the arts

THE INDIVIDUALFrustration and Individualism

INTERNATIONALISM Time were full of turbulence and frustration

Feelings of isolation and alienation increased

The suffering, isolated, sensitive youth became the romantic hero

Escape to “Utopia” was a common goal

Nature was viewed as a completely free environment in which all emotions could be freely expressed

PATRONAGE For the first time, art could exist without the support of

significant aristocratic and religious commissions and patronage

Artists deliberately resisted patronage, which imposed unwelcome limits on individual expression

Much art became individualistic and increasingly critical of society and its institutions

PATRONAGE Artists tried out increasingly personal and experimental

techniques

Many artists became the social outcasts, the starving Romantic heroes, of public legend Their story is told in the opera La Boheme (the Bohemiams) –

poets, painters, philosophers, musicians You’ll look at this opera tomorrow (the musical “Rent” is based

on it)

The “bohemiam lifestyle” remains a phrase that connotes such a way of living

LA BOHEME VS. RENT Tomorrow I will not be here because I will be at a

funeralMrs. Pipes will be your sub – BE GOOD!

You’ll be looking at the plots of the opera “La Boheme” and the musical “Rent.” You’ll have a compare and contrast activity to complete.