expenditures, employment, wages, tax revenue direct, indirect, induced effects social and cultural...
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Expenditures, Employment, Wages, Tax Revenue
Direct, Indirect, Induced Effects Social and Cultural Benefits
Arts Historic Preservation Multiculturalism Environmental Quality Traditional Ways of Life Sense of Place
Impact Research
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
719
60
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Mill
ions
International Arrivals Holiday Visits
International Visitors to Ireland
Cashel Business Structure
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Nu
mb
er o
f B
usi
nes
ses
Total Businesses
Tra
de W
ar w
/Eng
land
“Fru
gal C
omfo
rt”
Lem
ass
Eco
nom
ic R
efor
m
EU
Acc
essi
on
CA
P R
efor
m
“Cel
tic
Tig
er
Tourism Businesses
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Nu
mb
er o
f B
usi
nes
ses
Total Businesses Tourism Businesses
3% 15%
12%
Tourism Growth and Business Structure
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Nu
mb
er o
f B
usi
nes
ses
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Th
ousa
nd
s of
Vis
itor
s
Total Businesses Rock of Cashel Visitors
26% Decline
117% Increase
Still a Market Town?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Nu
mb
er o
f B
usi
nes
ses
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Ind
ex
Total Businesses Agricultural Price Index
Diversity of Adaptive Strategies
• In Addition to Agriculture:• Health Care Sector• Pharmaceutical Industries
“The communities did not become civic simply because they were rich. The historical record strongly suggests precisely the opposite: They have become rich because they were civic. The social capital embodied in norms and networks of civic engagement seems to be a precondition for economic development, as well as for effective government.” (Putnam, 1993)