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EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including thermal comfort »
Mr. Ludovic Horrein,L2EP, Univ Lille1, PSA Peugeot Citroën, MEGEVH network
Prof. Alain Bouscayrol,L2EP, Univ Lille1, MEGEVH network
Dr. Yuan ChengPSA Peugeot Citroën, MEGEVH network
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20142
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Context and Objectif -
Objective of this presentation: Develop a thermal extension of an EV model to study the impact of the climate conditions
Electrical energy
Mechanical energy
Thermal energy
Limits of a classic study on EV Limits of the study presented
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20143
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Outline -
1. Modeling and EMR of the thermal comfort
2. IBC of the thermal comfort
3. Experimental validation on a real vehicle
EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Model and EMRof the thermal comfort of an Electrical Vehicle »
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20145
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Thermal comfort structure -
Power electro.
Air flow
Bat.
UchUbat
Ires
Ibat
1st part:Heating system
2nd part:Cabin
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20146
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Heating system modeling and EMR -
Power electro.
Air flow
Bat.
)( cairairairair TTCpqmP −=
2reschres IRP =
==
resvsibat
batvsich
ImI
UmU
UchUbat
Ires
Ibat
=
=
batresbat
refresres
UPI
PP _
airreshc PPP +=
cT
hcqs
Cabin
Airhaqs
airT
airqmcT
ahqs
refresqs _cT
resqs
Bat.batI
batU
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20147
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Cabin modeling and EMR -
wT
wT
cwqs
wqs
cT
cT
hcqs
wcqs airT
waqs
Airawqs
wT
rayqsSun
wT
HS
wT
cT2 thermal dynamics to express:- The cabin temperatureTc
- The wall temperatureTw
ccpccwhc Tdt
dCmPP _=− wwpwsunwacw T
dt
dCmPPP _=+−
( )wccwcwcw TTAhP −= ( )wccwcwcw TTAhP −=
2 heat exchanges to express:- The cabin-wall exchange- The wall-air exchange
sunsunssun EAP α=
1 solar radiation source
Cab-Wall exchange
Cabin air
Wall surface
Radiation Coupling
Wall –Air exchange
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20148
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- EMR of the thermal comfort of an EV -
cT
cT
wT
wT airT
hcqs cwqs
wqs
waqs
awqswcqsAir
AirwT
rayqsSun
cT
cT
ahqs
haqs
airT
resqs
refresqs _
wTairqm
Bat.batI
batU
Power electro.
Air flow
Bat.
UchUbat
Ires
Ibat
Cabin air
Wall surface
Radiation Coupling
Cab-Wall exchange
Wall –Air exchange
Heating system
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20149
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Multi-physical EMR of an EV -
cT
cT
wT
wT airT
hcqs cwqs
wqs
waqs
awqswcqsAir
AirwT
rayqsSun
cT
cT
ahqs
haqs
airT
resqs
refresqs _
wTairqm
batU
batIRoadBat.
Brake
batU
imI
imΓ
gbΩ evv
evv
evv
evv
resF
tracF
brkF
whF
AuxbatU
auxI
batU resI
refbrkF _
refim_Γ
IM + PE
Gearbox + wheel
Brake coupling
Chassis
eg. Presentation of J. Trovão & al.
EMR and IBC of an EV
Presentation of C. Depature & al.EMR and IBC of a traction drive of an EV
EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Inversion -based controlof the thermal comfort of an Electric Vehicle »
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201411
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- IBC of the thermal comfort of an EV -
cT
cT
wT
wT airT
hcqs cwqs
wqs
waqs
awqswcqsAir
AirwT
rayqsSun
cT
cT
ahqs
haqs
airT
resqs
refresqs _
wTairqm
batU
batIRoadBat.
Brake
batU
imI
imΓ
gbΩ evv
evv
evv
evv
resF
tracF
brkF
whF
AuxbatU
auxI
batU resI
refbrkF _
refim_Γ
refcT _refhcqs _refresqs _
estahqs _
StrategyventC
( ) ( )( ) wcmescrefcTrefhc qsTTCqs +−= ___ lnlnairqm
estahrefhcrefres qsqsqs ___ −=
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201412
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Multi-physical EMR and IBC of an EV -
cT
cT
wT
wT airT
hcqs cwqs
wqs
waqs
awqswcqsAir
AirwT
rayqsSun
cT
cT
ahqs
haqs
airT
resqs
refresqs _
wTairqm
batU
batIRoadBat.
Brake
batU
imI
imΓ
gbΩ evv
evv
evv
evv
resF
tracF
brkF
whF
AuxbatU
auxI
batU resI
refbrkF _
refim_Γ
refim_Γ refevv _reftracF _refwhF _
StrategyreftracF _
ventC[J. Trovão & al.] [C. Depature & al.]
airqm estahqs _
refcT _refhcqs _refresqs _
EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Experimental validationon a real Electrical Vehicle »
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201414
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Vehicle setup -
Acquisition data/sensors center
Cabin temperature sensor (front)
Cabin temperature sensor (rear)
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201415
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Road and climate profile (1) -
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201416
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Road and climate profile (2) -
km9.38
km/h0.40
km/h7.88ˆ
===
ev
ev
ev
d
v
v
Velocity (km/h)
Altitude (m)
Thermal resistances power (kW)
Time (s)
2nd april 2014
6.31 am – 7.27 am => No solar radiation
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000
20
40
60
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
20
40
60
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35005
10
15
20
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Ambiant Temperature
(°C)
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201417
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Multi-physical EMR and IBC of the Tazzari Zero -
refbrkF _
refim_Γ
cT
cT
wT
wT airT
hcqs cwqs
wqs
waqs
awqswcqsAir
AirwT
rayqsSun
cT
cT
ahqs
haqs
airT
resqs
resc
wTairqm
batU
batIRoadBat.
Brake
batU
imI
imΓ
gbΩ evv
evv
evv
evv
resF
tracF
brkF
whF
AuxbatU
auxI
batU resI
refim_Γ refevv _reftracF _refwhF _
StrategyreftracF _
ventC heatC
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201418
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
950 1000 1050 1100-200
0
200
400
- Experimental results -
3020 3030 3040 3050 306025
30
35
40
45
50
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000
20
40
60
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000
5
10
15
20
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 350014
16
18
20
22
24
Time (s)
Battery current (A) [Zoom]
Energy consumption (MJ)
Velocity (Km/h)
Time (s)
Cabin temperature (°C)
Red dotted line: SimulationBlack line: Experiment
Energy error on a real cycle: ~ 3%Temperature error < 4%
EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« Conclusion & Perspectives »
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201420
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Conclusion and perspectives -
A single tool to describe a complete multi-physical system
An experimental validation with a real velocity profile and a real climatic profile
Energy distribution taken in account the thermal exchanges
Develop a standard climate profile as the standard road profile
Study the vehicle range in function of the road profile and climate profile
21%13%
66%
12%
81%
7%
Power Train Auxiliary Comfort
ECE drive cycleCold condition
WLTC drive cycleCold condition
EMR’14CoïmbraJune 2014
Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
« BIOGRAPHIES AND REFERENCES »
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201422
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- Authors -
Mr. Ludovic HORREINPSA Peugeot Citroën, Univ. Lille1, L2EP, MEGEVHPhD student since 2012Master degrees in Electrical Engineering at Univ. Lille1 (2011)Research topics: HEV, Thermal converter, WHR system, Energy management
Prof. Alain BOUSCAYROLUniversity Lille1, L2EP, MEGEVH, FranceCoordinator of MEGEVH, French network on HEVsPhD in Electrical Engineering at University of Toulouse (1995)Research topics: EMR, HIL simulation, tractions systems, EVs and HEVs
Dr. Yuan CHENGPSA Peugeot Citroën, FranceEnergetic Systems R&D EngineerPhD in Electrical Engineering at Harbin Inst. of Tech., China (2009)R&D Topics: EVs and HEVs, Electric Machines and Drive, EMR, Optimization
EMR’14, Coimbra, June 201423
« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle including therm al comfort »
- References -
[Bouscayrol 00] A. Bouscayrol, B. Davat, B. de Fornel, B. François, J. P. Hautier, F. Meibody-Tabar, M.Pietrzak-David, "Multimachine Multiconverter System: application for electromechanical drives",European Physics Journal - Applied Physics, vol. 10, no. 2, May 2000, pp. 131-147
[Fayazbaksh 13] M. A. Fayazbaksh, M. Bahrami, “Comprehensive modeling of vehicle air conditioning loadsusing heat balance method”,SAE International 2013 world congress, Detroit (USA), April 2013
[Hautier 04] J. P. Hautier, P. J. Barre, "The causal ordering graph – A tool for modeling and control lawsynthesis",Studies in Informatics and Control Journal, December 2004, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 265-283.
[Horrein 11] L. Horrein, A. Bouscayrol, M. El Fassi, “Thermal energetic model of an ICE vehicle usingEnergetic Macroscopic Representation”,EEVC’11, Brussel (Belgium), October 2011
[Horrein 14] L. Horrein, A. Bouscayrol, Y. Cheng, “Simulation tool of an Electric Vehicle including thermalaspect using Energetic Macroscopic Representation”,IEEE-VPPC’14, Coimbra (Portugal), October2014