© dr david biggs give that to the temp differences between permanent and temporary workers as...

© Dr David Biggs© Dr David Biggs

GIVE THAT TO THE TEMPGIVE THAT TO THE TEMP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PERMANENT AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY WORKERS AS DETERMINED BY TEMPORARY WORKERS AS DETERMINED BY

THE LABOUR FORCE SURVEYTHE LABOUR FORCE SURVEY

David Biggs


AgendaAgenda

Using the LFS for psychological research

Differences between workers (temps, age, sex, sex & voluntary status, sex & age, voluntary nature, education, ethnicity, pay, occupation and geography)

Longitudinal use of data Conclusions on the LFS research


Using the LFS for researchUsing the LFS for research

The LFS is crucial in our understanding of individuals within the labour market

We can ask a number of questions from this data set and get the answers that may lead us into other research areas

We can quickly ascertain– Similarities between groups– Differences between groups


Differences between workersDifferences between workers

Labour Force Survey (Winter 1998) surveyed 56,322 workers

92.57% of workers were permanent workers (N= 52,138)

7.43% of workers were temporary workers (N= 4,184)


Differences between tempsDifferences between temps

Seasonal w ork5%

Contract for f ixed period, f ixed task

51%

Agency Work13%

Casual w ork20%

Not permanent in some other w ay

11%


Differences in ageDifferences in age

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

16-21 22-27 28-33 34-39 40-45 46-51 52-57 58-63 64-69 70+

Age Categories

Per

cen

tag

e o

f P

erm

anen

t W

ork

er &

No

n

Ag

ency

Tem

po

rary

Wo

rker

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Per

cen

tag

e o

f Ag

ency

Wo

rker

Permanent Worker

Non Agency Temporary Worker

Agency Worker


Differences in sexDifferences in sex

More male than female permanent workers

Opposite in both agency workers and non-agency workers

Replicates other studies, i.e., Casey (1988) and Foxley (1997)

Category of worker Sex Permanent

Worker Agency Worker


Totals

Male 47.56% 0.43% 2.74% 50.73% Female 45.01% 0.51% 3.75% 49.27% Totals 92.57% 0.94% 6.49% 100.00%


Differences in sex & voluntary nature of Differences in sex & voluntary nature of temporary employmenttemporary employment

The reason for working as a temporary worker can class workers as being in voluntary or involuntary temporary employment

In the US, Feldman et al (1995) found that more women than men were likely to be voluntary agency workers

The data from the LFS confirmed this research finding in the UK


Differences in sex & ageDifferences in sex & age

Albert and Bradley (1998) stated that more women attracted to this type of work later in their careers


Males: Differences in sex & ageMales: Differences in sex & age

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

16-21 22-27 28-33 34-39 40-45 46-51 52-57 58-63 64-69 70+

Age Categories

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

Pe

rma

ne

nt

Wo

rke

r &

No

n

Ag

en

cy

Tem

po

rary

Wo

rke

r

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

Ag

en

cy

Wo

rke

r

Permanent Worker


Agency Worker


Females: Differences in sex & ageFemales: Differences in sex & age

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

16-21 22-27 28-33 34-39 40-45 46-51 52-57 58-63 64-69 70+

Age Categories

Per

cen

tag

e o

f P

erm

anen

t W

ork

er &

No

n

Ag

ency

Tem

po

rary

Wo

rker

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Per

cen

tag

e o

f Ag

ency

Wo

rker

Permanent Worker


Agency Worker


Voluntary differences in tempsVoluntary differences in temps

Reason for working in a temporary position

Permanent Worker

Agency Worker


Total

Contract including training 0.00% 0.01% 0.42% 0.43% Could not find permanent job

0.00% 0.48% 2.30% 2.78%

Did not want permanent job

0.00% 0.27% 1.91% 2.18%

Some other reason 0.00% 0.18% 1.86% 2.04% Missing Cases 92.57% 0.00% 0.00% 92.57% Totals 92.57% 0.94% 6.49% 100.00%


Educational DifferencesEducational Differences

The LFS contains a number of variables regarding training and education

This is useful as questions relating to work and education can be examined

Non-agency workers are twice as likely to be in education than permanent or agency workers

Non-agency workers are better qualified than permanent or agency workers


Educational DifferencesEducational Differences

Highest Qualification awarded to worker

Permanent Worker

Agency Worker


Total

Higher degree 3.23% 0.03% 0.56% 3.82% First degree 8.39% 0.09% 0.92% 9.40% A level or equivalent 5.70% 0.07% 0.50% 6.27% O level, GCSE grade A-C or equivalent

18.28% 0.20% 1.25% 19.73%

CSE below grade1,GCSE below grade C

3.94% 0.04% 0.21% 4.19%

Other highest qualification 39.62% 0.41% 2.35% 42.38% No qualifications 12.58% 0.09% 0.66% 13.33% Don’t know 0.76% 0.01% 0.03% 0.80% Missing 0.07% 0.00% 0.01% 0.08% Total 92.57% 0.94% 6.49% 100.00%


Ethnic DifferencesEthnic Differences

Ethnic origin Permanent Worker

Agency Worker


Totals

White 88.78% 0.83% 6.03% 95.64% Other ethnic groups

3.77% 0.11% 0.46% 4.34%

Missing Cases

0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%

Totals 92.57% 0.94% 6.49% 100.00%


Pay differencesPay differences

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

Below2.50

2.50to

3.49

3.5 0to

4.4 9

4.50to

5.49

5.50to

6.49

6.50to

7.49

7.50to

8.49

8.50to

9.49

9.50to

10.49

10.50to

11.49

11.50to

12.49

12.50to

13.49

13.50to

14.49

14.50to

15.49

15.50to

16.49

Above16.49

Hourly rate of pay

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

wo

rke

r ca

teg

ory

Permanent Worker

Agency Worker

Non Agency TemporaryWorker


Other differencesOther differences

Agency workers dominate clerical roles High proportion of non-agency

temporary workers in professional role Agency workers are more popular in

South East England


Other uses – Longitudinal dataOther uses – Longitudinal data

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

3.50%

4.00%

1998

Q1

1998

Q2

1998

Q3

1998

Q4

1999

Q1

1999

Q2

1999

Q3

1999

Q4

2000

Q1

2000

Q2

2000

Q3

2000

Q4

2001

Q1

2001

Q2

2001

Q3

2001

Q4

2002

Q1

2002

Q2

2002

Q3

2002

Q4

Contract for fixed period, fixed task

Agency work

Casual work

Other

Seasonal work


Conclusions on the LFS dataConclusions on the LFS data

Differences between permanent workers, agency workers and non-agency temporary workers found

Supports the notion that these workers are different and as such warrant further study

QUESTIONS ???

© dr david biggs give that to the temp differences between permanent and temporary workers as...

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