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SOL Review PacketReading, 6th Grade

Directions: Read the flier and answer the questions that follow.

TALENT ON PARADE

It is time for the Smithdale Student Activity Club’s yearly talent show. In the past, the club has had performers sing, dance, perform skits, juggle, and play violin, guitar, or piano. This year the show will be called “Talent on Parade,” and we are looking for performers with great new ideas. In addition, we have planned two important changes for this year’s show.

TWO SHOWS INSTEAD OF ONEFirst, “Talent on Parade” will be held on two nights. Performers in the Wednesday night show will include students in Grades K–5. Performers in the Friday night show will include students in Grades 6–12.

Smithdale High School AuditoriumWednesday, May 11, 6:30 P.M.

Friday, May 13, 7:30 P.M.NO TRYOUTSThe second change is that this year’s performers will be chosen in a new way. No tryouts will be held. The first twenty acts to sign up for each show will be accepted. Others will be put on a waiting list in case someone drops out or has an act that is not allowed. You will be notified by telephone or e-mail if your act is included.

If you do not wish to perform but would enjoy helping backstage with lights or sound, print “stagehand” in large letters at the top of the permission slip.

RULES FOR ACTS1. Each student chosen to perform must turn in a permission slip signed by a parent or guardian.2. All performers must be at the school one hour before showtime.3. Performers must provide their own transportation to and from the school.4. Each act is limited to three minutes.5. No act may have more than five people in it.6. Performers who are singing must also turn in a typewritten sheet with the lyrics. Acts that use songs that are inappropriate for a school audience will not be allowed.7. Performers must provide their own music (tapes, CDs, or instruments) and costumes.8. Singers may sing with or without musical accompaniment, but they may not sing along with a recorded voice on a CD or tape.9. Costumes will be approved at the dress rehearsals on May 5 and 9.

DRESS REHEARSALSRehearsals will be held in the Smithdale High School Auditorium.

• Grades K–5—Thursday, May 5, 6:00 P.M.–7:00 P.M.• Grades 6–12—Monday, May 9, 7:00 P.M.–8:00 P.M. You may have to perform your act a second time, so be prepared to stay an extra hour.

SECTION 1

1. Read this dictionary entry.

What is the meaning of acts in the section “NO TRYOUTS”?A 1B 2C 3D 4

2. Which question is answered in the section “NO TRYOUTS”?F Will students have an opportunity to practice?G How will students know they are in the show?H When is the show for high school students?J How long is each performance?

3. Read this sentence from the flier.

What is the job of a stagehand?A To design costumesB To direct performersC To play musical instrumentsD To provide special support

4. The twenty-first group to sign up will be allowed to perform if —F another performer is unable to attendG another performance is shortenedH the performance is originalJ the performer is approved

5. Each person performing in the talent show is required to submit a —A telephone numberB musical recordingC permission slipD costume sketch

6. On what day does a second grader need to show up for rehearsal?F Wednesday, May 11G Friday, May 13H Thursday, May 5J Monday, May 9

act (akt) n. 1. The process of doing something. 2. A written record of actions. 3. One of the major divisions of a play or opera. 4. A performanceand its members.

If you do not wish to perform but would enjoy helping backstage with lights or sound, print “stagehand” in large letters at the top of the permission slip.

7. Based on information about the talent show, which word best describes the members of the Smithdale Student Activity Club?A StrictB ImportantC CleverD Organized

8. Where would this flier most likely be found?F In a city newspaperG In a school newsletterH On a website about singingJ On a wall of a music store

9. What is the purpose of this flier?A To explain what a talent show is to the readerB To inform the reader about the talent show guidelinesC To persuade the reader to develop a new talentD To tell the reader what skills are needed for the talent show

10. Which would be most helpful to include in the flier?F A date to sign up for the showG A list of teachers involved in the showH A photograph from a previous showJ A timeline of student events

Directions: Read the story and answer the questions that follow.

Drawing on a New Friendship

1 For the third Tuesday in a row, I walked to the park after school and found a shady spot under a yellow poplar tree. I pulled my sketchbook and a package of colored pencils from my backpack and scanned the park looking for ideas. Two girls were playing catch by the baseball diamond, a few small groups of mothers and toddlers were gathered at the picnic tables, and about a dozen children were playing on the jungle gym. After weighing my options, I turned my attention to the girls playing catch and began sketching. After I had drawn the rough outline of a girl with her glove raised, a shadow fell across my sketchbook.

2 “That’s not a bad start,” said the shadow. “Do you have any finished drawings?” I looked up to see a boy about my age surveying my sketchbook over my shoulder.

3 I was both annoyed at the interruption and embarrassed that someone was looking at my drawing. “Not bad?” I asked.

4 “No need to be offended,” the boy laughed, pulling a sketchbook out of his own backpack and handing it to me. “Want to look at my drawings?”

SECTION 2

5 While deciding what to do, the curiosity bug bit me, and I traded sketchbooks with him. His sketches of people were okay, but I was really impressed by his drawings of nature. There were charcoal drawings of trees, leaves, rocks, and rivers, all done with great thoroughness and detail.

6 “Wow! You just might have some talent,” I said. “What’s your name?”

7 The boy reached to take back his sketchbook and answered, “Kenyi Thompson. My family just moved here from Alexandria.”

8 I smiled widely as a thought dawned on me. “I thought you looked familiar!” I exclaimed. “I’m Vanessa Ruiz. We’re in the same math class.”

9 Kenyi sat down next to me, and we talked about how school here compared to his former school. Having lived in the same place my whole life, I never thought about how hard leaving one school and starting over at another must be.

10 “Why aren’t you in my art class?” I asked. “Anyone who can do charcoal drawings like these should be taking art.”

11 Kenyi replied, “The sixth-grade art class is full, so I have to wait until next semester. Besides, you’re the talented one. I really struggle at drawing people, but you make it look easy.”

12 “I have a great idea!” I declared. “Let’s make drawings together! You can draw the nature scenes on one sheet of paper while I draw the people on another. Then we’ll switch and finish each other’s drawings. That way, both drawings would show off both of our talents!”

13 “That’s not a bad idea, Vanessa,” Kenyi agreed. “What should we draw first?”

14 I noticed that the girls playing catch had left and most of the other children had abandoned the jungle gym. I looked around the rest of the park until my eyes landed on the perfect subject. Pointing to a cluster of trees about ten feet away, I said, “We should draw those kids climbing trees!”

15 About an hour later, Kenyi and I had completed our masterpieces. On one sheet of paper I had drawn a boy in a bright green shirt, positioned as though he were wrapped around the trunk of a tree. Kenyi had added a red maple tree afterward, drawing the leaves in stunning shades of crimson and orange. On the other sketch, Kenyi had drawn a beautiful hickory tree with extended branches, and I had added a girl swinging by her legs from the lowest branch.

16 “This was a fun idea,” I said, returning my colored pencils and sketchbook to my backpack.

17 “Not bad at all,” Kenyi replied as he also put away his supplies. “Hey, Vanessa, would you want to meet me here again to draw together?”

18 “See you next Tuesday, Kenyi,” I said with a smile.

1. In paragraph 1, the phrase “weighing my options” means —A finding a place to sitB considering choicesC looking around an areaD setting up supplies

2. Based on paragraph 1, why does Vanessa most likely choose to sketch at the park?F It has a variety of people and activities to draw.G Her teacher suggests she try drawing in various places.H It is a quiet place to practice her drawing.J She likes to practice drawing nature scenes.

3. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author uses the word “shadow” to create a sense of —A concernB mysteryC humorD comfort

4. Read this sentence from paragraph 5.

In which word does -ness mean the same as it does in thoroughness?F businessG harnessH kindnessJ witness

5. Why does the author include paragraph 8 in the story?A To explain the reason for the major conflictB To provide clues as to how the story will endC To show how the setting is related to the plotD To establish a connection between the characters

6. Based on paragraphs 11 and 12, Kenyi and Vanessa will most likely —F help each other with math homeworkG enter their combined drawings in an art contestH experiment with other art suppliesJ help each other improve their art skills

7. The imagery in paragraph 15 most appeals to the reader’s sense of —A sightB touchC smellD sound

There were charcoal drawings of trees, leaves, rocks, and rivers, all done with great thoroughness and detail.

8. Read this flow chart based on the story.

Which of these best completes the flow chart?F They enjoy each other’s drawing lessons.G They agree to draw girls playing catch.H They decide to draw with crayons instead of charcoal.J They decide to finish each other’s drawings.

9. The story is titled “Drawing on a New Friendship” because it is about —A Kenyi, who realized that moving to a new school means making new friendsB Vanessa and Kenyi, who become friends because of a common interestC Kenyi and Vanessa, who practice drawing for art class regularlyD Vanessa, who becomes more comfortable with her drawing skills

10. Which of these best describes the theme of the story?F Teamwork makes the best use of different talents.G The beauty of nature can be inspiring.H Educational experiences may be found in unlikely events.J Willingness to complete a task builds character.

11. Why did the author most likely write this story?A To demonstrate the importance of art lessonsB To explore the idea of sharing skillsC To contrast the use of crayons versus charcoalD To show the different activities parks have to offer

Vanessa meets a boy named Kenyi in the park.

Vanessa and Kenyi spend time talking.

They are pleased with their finished products.

Directions: Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

Animal Play

1 What do a ball-tossing rhinoceros, a backflipping monkey, and a somersaulting badger have in common? Just like children, animals enjoy playing. Lion cubs love to wrestle. They take turns playing the predator and the prey. Young mountain goats run, leap, and twist in the air. Youthful zebras skip, kicking their hind legs for no obvious reason. Baby animals spend countless hours and large amounts of energy at play.

Understanding Animal Play2 Scientists have studied animal play for many years. Two leaders in this field of research are John Byers of the University of Idaho and Marc Bekoff of the University of Colorado. They describe animal play as actions that have a purpose but do not seem meaningful. For example, kittens at play may use the same movements as adult cats use when they are hunting, but the kittens are not really stalking prey. Much research has been done on young animal play and adult activities. Since the 1800s, scientists have recognized that young animal play is practice for adult behavior. Today this play is roughly divided into four different groups. In the article “Jungle Gyms: The Evolution of Animal Play,” Alex Hawes discusses these four groups. They are locomotor play (which refers to the movements animals carry out in their play), predatory play, object play, and social play.

Locomotor Play3 Running, leaping, turning, and heel kicking are some of the most common examples of animal play. These movements resemble similar actions of adult animals. However, when carried out by a young animal, the actions do not have the same purpose or goal as they would for an adult animal. An adult deer may run, leap, and twist to escape its attackers. Young deer run, leap, and twist just for fun, without being chased. Play movements like these train young animals to be alert and fast. Someday these skills might help save their lives.

Predatory Play4 Stalking, pouncing, and biting are examples of animal play that help young predators prepare for a life of chasing and catching prey. Wild cats, wolves, and bears are predators. Seeing young cats, pups, and cubs engage in this type of play with their peers is common. This hunting play sharpens the animals’ skills and teaches them about their strengths and limitations.

Object Play5 For children, playing with toys is both fun and educational. Toys help children learn in new ways. Playing with toys can improve a child’s hand and eye movements as well as develop hand skills to accomplish tasks. For many young animals, playing with toys or objects accomplishes the same goals. Young chimpanzees improve their hand skills while playing with sticks. Birds also play with objects in ways that teach. Swallows drop and recover feathers in midair. Swooping down to catch the feathers is good practice for catching flying insects, one of the birds’ favorite snacks.

SECTION 3

Social Play6 Playing helps animals learn how to behave when they encounter other animals. Wrestling or playing a game of tag may seem very innocent among young animals. In fact, this play can help prepare the animals for unfriendly situations they will meet as adults. Social play also teaches animals about communication.An animal gives signals to let another animal know it wants to play. Many animals give signals by showing a “play face.” In some ways this face is like a human smile; the animal holds its mouth in a relaxed and open manner. During play-fights, some animals may crouch or bow to signal that they are playing and not acting seriously. Bold but relaxed paw movements are another signal of animal play.

7 Many young animals engage in playful acts that help prepare them for serious adult situations. The numbers of playful species and examples of animal play are vast. The purpose of animal play may have meanings scientists have not yet discovered. As researchers continue to study this fascinating field, we are just beginning to understand what might be behind the playfulness of young animals.

1. In paragraph 1, the words “ball-tossing,” “backflipping,” and “somersaulting” create an image of —F wild confusionG aimless activityH lively motionJ sincere concern


Adding the suffix -less to the word count makes a word that means —A counted oftenB counted incorrectlyC needing to be countedD not able to be counted

3. Which question is answered in paragraph 5?F How are animals and children different?G Which types of insects do birds prefer to eat?H What do animals learn from toys and other items?J What kinds of games do chimpanzees play with sticks?

4. Based on paragraph 6, a “play face” is —A a type of signal between animalsB a name for an animal game of tagC an action that is taught to an animalD an activity that usually involves adult animals

5. What may the reader best predict from paragraph 7?F Scientists will continue to investigate the meanings behind animal play.G Adult animals will also be able to learn a great deal from playful activities.H The way young animals play will soon be no different from the way adult animals play.J Fewer researchers will be interested in studying animal play in the future.

Baby animals spend countless hours and large amounts of energy at play.

6. Based on the article, which words best describe locomotor play among young animals?A Stalking, pouncing, bitingB Leaping, twisting, runningC Swooping, dropping, catchingD Crouching, bowing, wrestling

7. According to the article, the skill of moving quickly is important for animals to learn because it —F will make them more powerful physicallyG could make their chases more excitingH will cause their peers to follow themJ could help to save their lives in the future

8. According to the article, one way young animals and young humans are alike is that both groups —A play with the same kinds of toysB send specific signals to their peersC play in four different waysD enjoy spending time at play

9. The main purpose of this article is to —F persuade the reader to treat animals with respectG inspire the reader to study more about animalsH entertain the reader with interesting animal storiesJ inform the reader about various animal behaviors

10. Which book would be most useful for learning more about how different species of birds use object play?A Rare Birds of AustraliaB Understanding How Birds ActC Caring for Baby Birds: A ManualD Flying Free: The History of the Bald Eagle


Hide-and-Seek Beads

1 Abigail, knowing that she was in for a rough afternoon, sighed as the door shut behind her mother. She thought back to when her mother asked her to watch her younger brother, Harry, for a few hours while she went to a meeting at work.

2 “What will Harry and I do together for an entire afternoon?” she moaned. Her brother had a reputation for causing mischief.

3 “You can play outside,” her mother replied. “You both love to play basketball and run around, and I will be back from my meeting before you know it.”

4 “I guess that would be okay,” Abigail answered.

SECTION 4

5 Now Abigail looked out the window at the pouring rain and frowned. There went her plan of spending the afternoon playing basketball. She looked at Harry nervously and said, “It’s raining too hard to go outside, so what would you like to do instead?”

6 Harry shrugged his shoulders.

7 “Do you want to color with crayons or markers? We could play a board game.”

8 “Those are all boring,” Harry whined.

9 Abigail sighed. This was exactly what she had worried about. “Come on, Harry, we can’t just sit here all afternoon. Please think of something you want to do.”

10 Harry’s face lit up as he asked, “Can we play hide-and-seek?”

11 Abigail had stopped playing hide-and-seek years ago, but she was willing to do almost anything to keep Harry happy and out of trouble until their mother came home. She covered her eyes with her hands and started counting as the sound of Harry’s footsteps told her that he was already racing to find a hiding spot. When she reached fifty, she called out, “Ready or not, here I come!”

12 Abigail started by looking in the family room and then made her way into the kitchen, checking under the table and in the pantry. As she wondered where Harry was hiding, the perfect place popped into her head. She raced to the garage and climbed the stairs to the attic used for storage. The floor was so dusty that she easily followed Harry’s footprints to where he was crouching behind a pile of boxes. “I found you!” she laughingly yelled.

13 “Now it’s your turn to hide,” Harry squealed with delight. As he hopped up to run away, he knocked over several boxes, tipping them to the floor. Abigail was about to scold him for being so careless when the contents of the spilled boxes caught her eye. Beautiful beads of all shapes, colors, and sizes were now rolling around the attic floor.

14 “Cool beads!” said Harry, bending down to pick them up.

15 “These would make awesome bracelets and necklaces,” agreed Abigail, examining a blue crystal bead.

16 “Do you think Mom would mind if we used them?” asked Harry.

17 “I don’t see why when they are just sitting up here gathering dust,” Abigail replied with a grin. “Besides, how could she mind if we used them to make jewelry for her?”

18 Harry returned Abigail’s grin as they collected the beads, excited by the thought of having something fun to do on a rainy afternoon.

19 When their mother came home, Abigail and Harry presented her with the beaded necklaces and bracelets they had made. Abigail’s jewelry had been carefully designed and planned; each bracelet had its own intricate pattern. Swirls and stripes, circles and squares were combined in a variety of bright colors. Harry had not planned, but had strung his beads in a very haphazard way, picking whatever bead was nearest and adding it to the others. The end results, however, were still interesting and beautiful.

20 “What a wonderful welcoming!” exclaimed their mother. “I had forgotten all about my grandmother’s collection of beads. Where did you find them?”

21 “In the attic,” replied Harry. “They were playing hide-and-seek!”

1. Which word best describes Abigail?F CuriousG EagerH ImpatientJ Responsible

2. Paragraphs 13 and 14 are important to this story because they —A give the reader an idea of how old Harry and Abigail areB show the relationship between Harry and AbigailC tell why Abigail and Harry are home aloneD tell how Abigail and Harry find the beads


What does this sentence reveal about Harry’s relationship with his mother?F He respects her.G He misses her.H He surprises her.J He appreciates her.

4. Abigail thought the afternoon was going to be difficult because she —A knew Harry did not like staying with herB was not good at playing the games Harry likedC thought her mother wanted Harry to stay indoorsD expected Harry to cause some trouble

5. Which sentence best describes the attic?F As she wondered where Harry was hiding, the perfect place popped into her head.G She raced to the garage and climbed the stairs to the attic used for storage.H The floor was so dusty that she easily followed Harry’s footprints to where he was crouching behind a pile of boxes.J As he hopped up to run away, he knocked over several boxes, tipping them to the floor.

6. How did Abigail’s feelings change during the events of the story?A Ashamed to proudB Worried to cheerfulC Tired to enthusiasticD Frightened to hopeful

“Do you think Mom would mind if we used them?” asked Harry.

7. Which sentence best summarizes the story?F Harry finds some boxes of beads and helps his sister make jewelry for their mother.G Harry convinces Abigail to play a game with him inside the house as a way to spend an afternoon.H Abigail and Harry find some beads that provide an afternoon of fun while their mother is in a meeting.J Abigail attempts to find an activity to occupy her time while baby-sitting her brother.

8. This story would most likely appeal to readers who —A like rainy weatherB play basketball at homeC enjoy playing indoor gamesD have younger brothers or sisters

9. Which sentence best states the theme of this story?F Working together can be a bad idea.G Playing with family can be a learning experience.H Enjoyment can be found in unexpected places.J Curiosity can lead to unfortunate situations.

10. Complete the following analogy.Hide-and-seek is to game as —A bracelet is to jewelryB table is to pantryC bead is to necklaceD dust is to footprint

11. Which book would best help the reader learn more about creating jewelry with beads?F Beaded Bracelets Made at HomeG Tips to Find the Right BeadH The History of BeadingJ Beads the World Over

Directions: You do not need to read a passage to answer the following questions. Read and answer the questions.

12. Read this sentence.

Which word from this sentence has a prefix that means small?A scientistB microscopeC analyzeD organisms

13. Which sentence contains an example of hyperbole?F We waited a thousand years for the food to be served.G The airplane flew through the cotton ball clouds.H Janet shrieked with laughter when the fur on her cat’s tail tickled her feet.J The squirrels in the park chattered noisily as they ran around the picnic tables.

The scientist used a microscope to analyze the organisms.

14. The best resource for learning about how dog sledding began would be —A Mush: The History of Dog SleddingB Racing Across the ArcticC Dog Sledding: Tips for BeginnersD All About Working Dogs


Finding Niesha’s Courage

1 Gold and brown leaves crunched under Niesha’s boots as she made her way down the sidewalk. She could not wait to be home. The chill from the autumn winds was bad, but it was not nearly as hard to bear as the chill she felt in her heart.

2 She could not forget the way she had frozen in front of the class today. Mr. Roberts had divided the class into groups to do presentations. Each person in the group would speak for five minutes in front of the class. Today had been Niesha’s turn. Her legs had wobbled all the way to the front of the classroom. Her hands had shaken so badly she could not read her notes. As Niesha had spoken, her voice had become softer, trailing off to silence. Mr. Roberts had kindly ended Niesha’s part of the presentation even though she had clearly not finished. He had also asked Niesha to stay after class for a moment.

3 “Niesha, I know you’re shy, but you worked hard on this project. I’d hate to see you give up on yourself.” Mr. Roberts had hesitated, “If I give you until tomorrow, do you think you can find your courage?”

4 Niesha had nodded, grateful for the chance. She had gone as quickly as she could to her next class. She had kept her head down and hoped the school day would end soon.

5 When she reached her back steps that afternoon, she could see an inviting light coming from the kitchen windows. Momma was baking. When Momma baked, Niesha always watched and chatted with her. Momma always said it was Niesha’s company that made her baked goods taste so sweet.

6 Momma studied Niesha’s face as she came into the kitchen. “What’s wrong, Niesha?”

7 Tears shone in Niesha’s brown eyes. She let the whole story tumble out. Momma was silent for a moment, her hands still busy with the cake.

8 “Why is it that you can talk to me about anything and everything, but you can’t talk to your class?” Momma asked, sliding the round, aluminum cake pans into the oven. She set the timer and then said, “Let me show you something.”

9 Niesha followed Momma to her bedroom. There was a trunk at the foot of the bed filled with Momma’s old things. Momma dug around for a minute and pulled out a book filled with newspaper clippings and pictures. She flipped the dry, brown pages until she found what she was looking for—a blue ribbon that said “First Place” and a picture of herself when she was very young, standing with her parents.

SECTION 5

10 “I won it for public speaking. I started the school year as the shyest girl on the speech team, but I ended the year as the blue ribbon winner. It wasn’t easy because I was a very timid girl—not sure of myself at all. I worked hard, and mostly I faced my fears. You just need to find your courage.”11 That was the second time someone had told her that today. Niesha followed Momma back to the kitchen. What was it that made her so afraid?

12 Soon Momma’s gooey, sweet Caramel Melt Cake had risen in the pans, and Niesha sat down in the kitchen. Momma pulled the pans from the oven and put them on a wire rack to cool a little bit while she melted the caramel for the cake topping. When the caramel looked about as thick as honey, Momma let Niesha stir the chopped pecans into the mixture. The smell of the lumpy topping comforted Niesha as she wondered where she would find her courage. When the topping was ready, Momma poured it over the cake. Niesha watched the topping slide down the sides of the cake. Momma then cut a thick slab and put it in front of Niesha.

13 “There’s nothing better for heartache than Momma’s love baked in a cake,” said Momma.

14 Niesha raised a forkful of warm cake to her mouth. She could taste the caramel, the pecans—and lots of Momma’s love. All the fear in the world could not take away that love. Niesha felt safe in Momma’s kitchen.

15 The next day Niesha again walked to the front of the classroom to give her presentation. She could feel herself becoming nervous once more. Earlier that morning before school, Niesha had borrowed Momma’s blue ribbon for encouragement and folded it into her front pocket to take with her. As Niesha faced the class, preparing to speak, she remembered the ribbon in her pocket. She thought of the smell of Momma’s kitchen, the old newspaper clippings, the safety she felt at home, but most importantly, Momma’s supportive words. Niesha took a deep breath and began to speak with confidence. Today she found her courage.


In this sentence, the author draws an analogy between the —A cold of autumn and a feeling of sadnessB strength of autumn winds and a feeling of shameC need to dress warmly and a feeling of shynessD fall weather and a feeling of power

2. Read this dictionary entry.

Which definition of trail is used in paragraph 2?F 1G 2H 3J 4

The chill from the autumn winds was bad, but it was not nearly as hard to bear as the chill she felt in her heart.

Trail (tral) n. 1. A pathway, footpath, or track. v. 2. To follow behind. 3. To grow weak or quiet. 4. To hang, droop, or spill over.


What caused Niesha to act this way?A She was worried that her teacher was frustrated with her.B She was hurt because her group did not help with the project.C She knew that her mother would be upset to learn what happened.D She was embarrassed because she did not do well presenting her project.


Which of these says the same thing in a different way?F Maybe you should try talking to your class but not to me.G I don’t understand why you can talk to me but not your class.H You should pretend you’re talking to me when you talk to your classmates.J You should be able to tell your classmates the same things you tell me.

5. Based on paragraphs 9 and 10, the reader may best conclude that —A Niesha’s mother is disappointed by her daughter’s performanceB Niesha fears her teacher will dislike her presentationC Niesha will be encouraged by her mother’s storyD Niesha wants to learn to bake like her mother

6. Which question is answered in paragraphs 12 through 14?F How does watching Momma bake in her kitchen make Niesha feel?G Why is Momma’s gooey Caramel Melt Cake Niesha’s favorite?H When is Niesha’s favorite time to watch her mother baking?J What is the recipe for Momma’s Caramel Melt Cake?

7. If the author were to add a paragraph to the end of the story, what would it most likely be about?A Niesha’s speech in front of her classB Niesha’s relationship with her motherC Niesha trying Momma’s new cake recipeD Niesha talking with Mr. Roberts about courage

8. The author uses repetition in the story by having two characters —F tell Niesha that she is shyG ask Niesha what is wrongH talk about finding courageJ tell how they found courage

She had kept her head down and hoped the school day would end soon.

“Why is it that you can talk to me about anything and everything, but you can’t talk to your class?”

9. How does Niesha’s character change in this story?A She learns that she can overcome her anxiety.B She discovers that she is a better speaker than her mother.C She finds out that true friends offer support.D She realizes that some uneasiness can be helpful.

10. Which word best describes Niesha and Momma’s relationship?F EqualG CaringH InterestingJ Typical

Directions: Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

Along the Ring of Fire

1 Off the coast of Alaska, molten rock rises through cracks in the floor of the Pacific Ocean. This superheated material known as magma oozes like toothpaste squeezed from a tube. Stretching, grumbling, and erupting, the earth slowly builds a new island.

2 Along the Pacific coast of South America, one part of the planet’s surface gradually drifts toward another. Although difficult to believe, the rocky outer crust of Earth is not solid; rather, it is broken up into gigantic pieces called plates. Up to 250 miles thick, the plates, which float on top of a softer layer of hot rock, move at a pace of 0.39 to 3.94 inches per year. As the plates slide past one another, the action can sometimes result in volcanic activity.

3 These dramatic events take place thousands of miles apart, yet they are connected. Surrounding the Pacific

Ocean is a circle of volcanoes that includes more than half of the world’s active volcanoes.While many are sleeping giants, others ooze lava and toss ash and rock into the air. This region is called the Ring of Fire.

4 The Ring of Fire stretches from the west coast of South America northward to Alaska. It curves left at the Aleutian Islands and crosses the Pacific Ocean. Then it heads down the east coast of Asia toward New Zealand.

Historical Eruptions5 Major volcanic eruptions along the Ring of Fire make history. In 1883 Krakatoa, an island volcano at the western edge of the ring, erupted in four explosions. The third explosion was so loud that it could be clearly heard 3,000 miles away. Krakatoa heaved a massive dust cloud nearly 50 miles into the air. For a year, that cloud shrouded Earth and changed the weather worldwide.

6 Closer to home, Mount St. Helens, a volcano in the Cascade Range in Washington, erupted in 1980. Although Mount St. Helens did not spew lava, it did cause tremendous damage. This eruption hurled a

SECTION 6

cloud of superheated ash, dirt, rock, and gases into the air. The ash blew eastward and was thick enough to disrupt travel. The side of the mountain fell away, causing a landslide.

7 In 1991 Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted after 600 quiet years. During four days in June, Pinatubo released more than 20 million tons of debris into the air, destroying many homes.8 Some volcanoes erupt more quietly, with lava oozing through the cracks in Earth’s surface. This type of volcano is found in Hawaii. Fluid lava from a volcano, such as Kilauea, tends to advance slowly but still causes extensive damage. Deep beneath the surface of the ocean, the Ring of Fire is destructive, but it is constructive too. How can a volcano destroy and build at the same time?

How Volcanoes Can Be Helpful9 After a volcano erupts, lava flows and then hardens into rock. More lava adds another layer to the rock. Eventually the rock builds into either a mountain or an island. Many years must pass before the harsh surface of the new island can sustain life. Over time the hard volcanic rock crumbles into soil. Wind carries seeds that fall into the soil and take root. Islands soon become covered with dense plant life. Flowers and fruits attract birds, insects, and other animals.

10 Island chains like Japan, New Zealand, and Hawaii formed as a result of volcanic activity. Mount Fuji in Japan is one of these volcanoes, though it is not an active one. It is said to be a dormant, or sleeping, volcano for the time being. Part of a national park, it has not been active in hundreds of years. Farmers even plant crops in fields along the slopes of Mount Fuji.

11 The Ring of Fire is constructive in other ways too. Its activity not only forms islands, it also provides useful materials. Volcanic rock contains reserves of minerals commonly used in everyday life. Large deposits of aluminum, nickel, zinc, and copper are found in volcanic rock all over the world. A form of aluminum appears on grocery store shelves as foil and cans. Nickel, zinc, and copper have dozens of uses, including the copper wire and pipes found in most homes.

12 Volcanic activity creates some of the most spectacular fireworks found in nature. True, destruction lies behind the fireworks, but eventually new life will rise from the ruins. If the Ring of Fire seems distant and unreal, remember that it also exists as an island awaiting new life, as a field for growing food, and as part of the pipes that make a home.

1. The images created by the words in paragraph 1 show that the magma is —A cool and hardenedB quiet and calmC dry and breakableD moving and changing

2. If the author were to add information to the end of paragraph 2, what would most likely be the topic?F Effects of moving plates on the formation of volcanoesG Active volcanoes in parts of the world other than the Ring of FireH Impact to the ocean floor when a new volcano formsJ Recent volcanic eruptions along the Ring of Fire

3. In paragraph 5, the word shrouded means —A made a loud noiseB became smallerC covered completelyD kept away from

4. Which question is answered in paragraph 9?F Why does volcanic rock crumble?G How does plant life reach a new island?H What kinds of birds are attracted to a new island?J How long does it take for lava to harden into rock?

5. Which word does the author define in paragraph 10?A volcanicB activeC dormantD slopes

6. According to the article, the eruptions of Mount St. Helens and Kilauea were similar because both —F caused much damageG released huge clouds of ashH caused landslidesJ produced fireworks

7. According to the article, which volcanic explosion caused a change in the weather for a significant period of time?A Mount FujiB Mount St. HelensC Mount PinatuboD Krakatoa

8. Read this chart.

Which of these best completes the chart?F Magma oozes through cracks.G Plates float into each other.H The weather is changed.J An island is created.

9. Which sentence from the article states an opinion?A Surrounding the Pacific Ocean is a circle of volcanoes that includes more than half of the world’s active volcanoes.B It curves left at the Aleutian Islands and crosses the Pacific Ocean.C After a volcano erupts, lava flows and then hardens into rock.D Volcanic activity creates some of the most spectacular fireworks found in nature.

Cause: Lava flows and hardens into layers of rock.

Effect:

10. Which paragraph best describes where the Ring of Fire is located?F 2G 3H 4J 5

11. The main purpose of this article is to —A persuade readers to research and study more about geographic wondersB tell readers about a group of volcanoes and the resources they provideC explain to readers where some household materials come fromD demonstrate to readers the ways in which volcanoes differ from one another

Directions: Read the poem, “I Think My Computer is Crazy.” Then, use the poem to answer questions 1 – 4.

I Think My Computer Is CrazyBy Jack Prelutsky

I think my computer is crazy,it’s gone off its rocker today,

the screen is impossibly scrambled,and I can’t control the display.

Unreadable symbols are flashingin places they just don’t belong,

it’s surely no help with my homework,every last answer is wrong.

I’d always depended upon it, but now its behavior has changed,it’s churning out absolute drivel,

it’s clear my computer’s deranged.It’s making disheartening noises,like kangaroos hopping on fruit,it thoroughly garbles my input,

then burbles, “THIS DOES NOT COMPUTE!”

Something inside my computer is buzzing like billions of bees,

even my computer’s mouse is affected,it seems to be begging for cheese.I guess I know why my computer

is addled and may not survive-my brother inserted bologna

into the floppy disk drive.

SECTION 7

1. Read the following line from the poem:is buzzing like billions of bees

This is an example of which type of figurative language?a. alliterationb. metaphorc. onomatopoeiad. hyperbole

2. Read the following lines from the poem:It’s making disheartening noises,like kangaroos hopping on fruit

This is an example of which type of figurative language?a. metaphorb. similec. personificationd. onomatopoeia

3. Read the following line from the poem:even my computer’s mouse is affected,it seems to be begging for cheese.

This is an example of which type of figurative language?e. alliterationf. simileg. hyperboleh. personification

4. Read the following line from the poem:Unreadable symbols are flashing

This image MAINLY appeals to the sense ofa. Sightb. Smellc. Soundd. Tastee. Touch

5. Revise the following sentence to include an example of imagery (using sensory details). The weather was hot.Your revised sentence: ______________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What sense did you appeal to in your revised sentence? _________________________________________________

7. Compare and contrast the characteristics of alliteration and onomatopoeia. Write the letters of the answer choices in the correct place in the Venn diagram.

Alliteration Onomatopoeia

a. Repetition of beginning sounds b. Words that imitate soundsc. Type of figurative language

Directions: Match the correct type of figurative language with the definition.

A. Figurative LanguageB. ImageryC. SimileD. MetaphorE. HyperboleF. PersonificationG. AlliterationH. Onomatopoeia

________ 1. Creates a picture in the reader’s mind. NOT literal.

________2. Creates a picture in the reader’s mind by using sensory details.

________ 3. Gives an object or animal a human-like characteristic.

________ 4. Repetition of beginning sounds.

________ 5. Compares two objects using “like” or “as”

________ 6. Intentionally exaggerated

________ 7. Compares objects without using “like” or “as”

________ 8. A word that imitates a sound.

SECTION 8

Directions: Metaphors – Write the 2 things that are being compared in each metaphor. Then write WHY they are being compared.

1. Laura was a weak newborn lamb after being in bed for days with a terrible flu.

____________________________________________ is being compared to ____________________________________________

because they both _______________________________________________________________________

2. The sun is a jewel in the sky.



3. After a night of restless sleep, her tangled hair was a jungle full of twisted vines.



4. The large sailboat is a tiny toy that the rough ocean tosses.



Directions: Similes – Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the simile. Ex. The crowd pounded _____________________ on the doors of the closed bank.

a. like a floating butterfly b. like a singing bird c. like a battering ram 5. I was blushing __________________ when I forgot my lines in the play.

a. like the snow b. like a rose c. like the river 6 With hands shaking ______________, she opened the box.

a. like a rock b. like leaves falling c. like a wheel 7. The announcer opened the show in a voice ______________________.

a. as flat as paper b. as loud as thunder c. as green as grass 8. That enormous truck is ______________________.

a. as soft as a pillow b. as big as a whale c. as small as a mouse

SECTION 9

Directions: Hyperboles – Make each sentence better by adding some exaggerations Ex. My math book is heavy. ____My math book is heavier than an elephant!____

1. Our dog snores loudly. __________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The movie was long. __________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The students were noisy today. __________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Kevin was hungry. __________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Personification – Circle the word being personified and underline the human-like characteristic. Ex. The flower danced in the wind.

5. The cereal had a sad look after it had been left in the milk all day.

6. The bush cried for mercy as the girl stomped on it with her hiking boots.

7. The floor smiled brightly after the scrubbing I gave it.

8. The door winced in pain as we pounded on it.

SECTION 10

Directions: Imagery – Write which sense is being appealed to AND underline the sensory details. 1. The sweet aroma of fresh baked cookies filled the air. ____________________

2. The chocolate brownies were dry and made me salivate for some milk! __________________

3. The baby snake was slippery as I handled it for the first time. _______________________

4. The obnoxious squawking of the sea gulls made me want to scream! ______________________

5. The bright pink balloons swayed in the wind as the door opened for each guest. ________________

6. Appeal to two difference senses while creating imagery about “a day at the beach.” What do you see?

Hear? Taste? Smell? Touch? Once finished, label the imagery you used.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION 11

Literal Language vs. Figurative Language

1. Literal Language…a. means exactly what it says.b. uses similes and metaphors.c. uses hyperboles and repetition.d. means you must use your imagination.

2. Which is an example of Figurative language?a. The grass is green and needs to be cut soon.b. The grass is yellow and needs to grow more. c. Grasshoppers make loud noises with their legs.d. Grasshoppers are fiddlers who play their legs.

3. Why do authors use Figurative Language?a. It is used to help the reader finish the book faster. b. It is used to help the writer finish the book faster. c. It is used to describe no other meaning other than what is said. d. It is used to help the writer paint a picture in the readers mind.

4. Draw the literal and figurative meaning of the phrase below:“Moving all of this furniture is back breaking work!”

Figurative Meaning Literal Meaning

SECTION 12

Directions: Read the following poem. Use the poem to answer questions 1 – 5.

We have a secret, just we three,The robin, and I, and the sweet cherry-tree;The bird told the tree, and the tree told me,

And nobody knows it but just us three.

But of course the robin knows it best,Because she built the—I shan't tell the rest;And laid the four little—something in it—

I'm afraid I shall tell it every minute.

But if the tree and the robin don't peep,I'll try my best the secret to keep;

Though I know when the little birds fly aboutThen the whole secret will be out.

Source: The Golden Book of Poetry (1947)

1) Find two examples of figurative language in the third stanza.

Example from Stanza Three Type of Figurative Language

a.

b.

2) What is the secret in the poem?

a. The robin has laid eggs and is expecting baby birds.b. The robin is planning to attack the cherry tree. c. The cherry tree plans on kicking the robin out. d. The narrator is afraid every minute

3) Why is the narrator having trouble keeping the secret?a. The narrator is upset and worried about the futureb. The narrator is excited about what is about to happenc. The narrator is sad for the robin and needs to help themd. The narrator feels the tree and the robin are in trouble

SECTION 13

4) Identify the sense that is being appealed to in the following sentence:The wind whistled through my patio screen. a. Sound b. Smell c. Sight d. Taste e. Touch

5) Revise the following sentence to include an example of imagery (using sensory details). The lemonade was good. Your revised sentence:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6) What sense did you appeal to in your revised sentence? _____________________

Directions: Read the following poem, and use it to answer questions 8 – 9.

There once was a student named Grace.She hit her teacher in the face.

His name was KeithHe is missing his teeth.

She hid his teeth in a case.

7) What type of poem is this?a. Limerickb. Haikuc. Free Versed. Ballad

8) Which two reasons defend your answer to #8?a. The poem follows no rules and makes no sense.b. The poem is funny and it rhymes.c. The poem tells a story and follows no rules.d. The poem is 17 syllables and is about nature.

Directions: Match the poetic form to its definition. Write the letter in the space provided.

______1. Limerick A. Repetition of similar sounds at the end of lines.

______2. Stanza B. Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect or emphasis

______3. Haiku C. The beat of the poem.

______4. Rhyme D. A group of lines within a poem set off by a space (like a paragraph).

______5. Ballad E. Songlike poem that tells a story with elements of rhyme, rhythm, and refrain/chorus

______6. Rhythm F. Poetry without rules.

______7. Repetition G. A funny five lined poem with rhyme (AABBA) and rhythm.

______8. Free Verse H. A 3 lined poem with 17 syllables (5-7-5) usually about nature.

______9. Rhyme Scheme I. Pattern of rhyme in a poem represented by letters in alphabetical order.

Directions: Use the words from the word bank to answer questions 1 – 6.

haiku ballad free verse limerick

1. What type of poem is the poem below? ______________________________________________________

Licking a lolly slowly,sunlight lapping at the lazy lake.

Lovely evening,lovely lolly,

lazy life.

SECTION 14

SECTION 15


It's a month now into springAnd still the rain pours down

Hey, is it ever going to endThere's many here that frown

They want the sunny weatherThat will come soon enough

But right now, I'm enjoying itRain, I love the stuff.

Next week we're off on holidayNow it really does rain there

And I'll love very bit of itAs it soaks up everywhere

To hear it's rhythm on the roofIt makes me feel so grand

Though many think that I am strangeThey just don't understand

They want the sunny weatherThat will come soon enough

But right now, I'm enjoying itRain, I love the stuff.

So keep that rain a coming downLet me feel it's soft, wet touch

I don't know what is wrong with meBut I love rain so much.


The leaves are changingorange, yellow, red and brown

fall is coming soon.


There once was a lady named SueWho had nothing whatever to do

And who did it so badlyI thought she would gladly

Have stopped before she was through.


I run to reach home plate,With my bat, wind whistling through me.

When I get up to bat, salty sweatIs running down my face and neck.

The pitcher throws the ball.I can see it gliding through

The air like a plane, but my bat isReady, hands back, the ball almost here.

I can tell it is a strike, so I throwmy hands toward the ball

Then Bam!

The ball goes all the wayTo the fence, and I am running

The bases, my face beet red.It is a triple to score in the last

Run to win the ball game.The crowd goes crazy.


There once was a Martian named ZedWith antennae all over his head.

He sent out a lotOf di-di-dash-dot

But nobody knows what he said.

Directions: Identify the rhyme scheme of the poems in questions 7 – 8 by writing it on the lines provided.

7. It's a month now into spring _______And still the rain pours down _______Hey, is it ever going to end _______There's many here that frown _______

They want the sunny weather _______That will come soon enough _______But right now, I'm enjoying it _______Rain, I love the stuff. _______

8. There once was a lady named Sue _______ Who had nothing whatever to do _______ And who did it so badly _______ I thought she would gladly _______ Have stopped before she was through. _______

Directions: Select the best reference material to use for each question.

1. Where would you look to find the population and other statistics for the state of Maine?a. newspaperb. almanacc. dictionaryd. atlas

2. Where could you find a definition for the word pedestrian?a. encyclopediab. dictionaryc. newspaperd. card catalog

3. Where could you read the weather forecast for tomorrow?a. dictionaryb. almanacc. newspaperd. encyclopedia

4. Where would you look to find a synonym for the word friend?a. atlasb. almanacc. newspaperd. thesaurus

5. Where would you look to find current information about your favorite author?a. internetb. almanacc. dictionaryd. atlas

6. Where would you look to find what state is north of California?a. dictionaryb. atlasc. almanacd. newspaper

7. Where would you look to find more information about George Washington?a. dictionaryb. atlasc. encyclopediad. thesaurus

8. Where would you look to find an up to date list of the fastest cars?a. almanacb. atlasc. newspaper

SECTION 16

d. encyclopedia

Reference Materials Crossword

Across

2. A book of maps dealing with a particular country, state, or region. There are also atlases of the entire world.

6. A book on a specific subject that is based on facts. It is usually written by experts on the subjects that they are about.

10. A book of facts published each year, with lists of important events that occurred that year. It also has up to date facts on a variety of subjects, from sports to money.

Down

1. A weekly or monthly publication about one topic. Examples include magazines, academic journals, and newsletters.

3. Contains factual information about one field of study, and often covers many topics in a general way.

4. A network of online resources such as dictionaries, library catalogs, and websites. It is important to look for reliable websites, because not all information on the internet is true and accurate.

5. Used to look up the meaning and correct spelling of a word. It can also include parts of speech, and how to pronounce many words.

7. A daily or weekly publication with reports on local, national, and international events, as well as opinion articles and features.

8. Identifies synonyms and antonyms for a word. It can be a good source for writers to use to find a variety of words.

9. An alphabetical listing of topics with a short, factual article on each. It can be one book long, or a series of books.

SECTION 17

Directions: Match the correct definition to the type of organizational pattern.

1. ________ Problem-Solution a. describes a word/concept using examples and descriptions

2. ________ Sequence (Chronological) b. examines how two things are alike or how they are different

3. ________ Compare/Contrast c. examines an issue and how it was resolved

4. ________ Cause/Effect d. puts facts, events, or concepts in order of occurrence

5. ________ Concept/Definition e. reasons for an event as well as the results of that event

Directions: Read the signal words and choose the correct type of organizational pattern.

# Signal Words Type of Organizational Pattern

6.problem, issue, solution, solved, resolved

7.is (was, are), for example, for instance, in fact, can be defined as

8.as a result, the causes, the results of, the effects of, thus, therefore, consequently, due to, in order to

9.first, second, third, after that, next, after awhile, several years later, during, finally, soon, specific dates (1982, 2013)

10.both, similar to, alike, same, as well as, different from, on the other hand, unlike, like

Directions: Read the passages and choose the correct graphic organizer and organizational pattern. Highlight the signal words you can find. Use the passages to fill in the corresponding graphic organizers.

A. Though toads are still around, they no longer are as common in some areas as they were a few decades ago. Due to the growing use of insecticides, toad numbers have reduced dramatically. The use of chemical sprays results in contamination of the animals’ food supply. The urban gardener who decides that a toad would be useful in the backyard will probably have to go out into the woods or the countryside to fetch one.

Graphic organizer #______________

SECTION 18

SECTION 19

Concept/definition Sequence (Chronological) Compare/contrast

Cause/effect Problem/solution

Organizational Pattern___________________________________________

B. Knapp and Matthews’ research has confirmed that over all, the problem is when lakes hold nonnative trout they generally have no frogs and the frogs have virtually disappeared from that wilderness area. They believe that a solution might be to establish fishless refuges in the Sierra to restore the frog species. “If we do it right,” says Knapp, “I don’t think fishermen will lose much but the frog will gain a tremendous amount.”



C. While frogs and toads are both amphibians and look like the same animal, they actually have many subtle differences. Frogs tend to have smooth or slimy skin, while toads have warty and dry skin. Another difference is that frogs have long, strong legs best for leaping and swimming, unlike the toad who has short hind legs better for walking. While both animals lay eggs, frogs lay them in clusters and toads lay them in chains.



D. Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen many interesting events. The state was founded in 1681 by William Penn. Later, Pennsylvania was the site of important Revolutionary War battles. After that, Pennsylvania was home to new factories during the Industrial Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to make history.



E. If someone describes seeing a four-foot tall, grayish-blue bird slowly stalking on stick-thin legs through shallow water, that person is most likely looking at North America’s largest heron, the great blue heron. Growing to a height of four feet and having a wingspan of us to six feet, this majestic wading bird is easy to distinguish from other birds. Its body is covered primarily with grayish-blue feathers but has other colors as well. For example, its neck is brown; its thighs are tinted reddish-brown; its throat is white; and the crown of its head is covered with striking bluish-black feathers.



1

Cause Effect

2

Problem Solution

3

4

5

Directions: Match each term to its correct definition.

______ 1. conflict

______ 2. internal conflict

______ 3. external conflict

A. A problem that happens outside of the character.

B. The main problem or struggle in the story that the main character faces.

C. A problem that happens within the character’s mind.

Directions: Read each paragraph below. Then, answer the questions that follow.

Solar System TroublesToday was Derek's big day. Mr. Moore, his science teacher, had asked him to share his presentation on the solar system with his classmates and their parents during the science fair. At first Derek had said no, but finally he had agreed. Derek had spent weeks creating an electronic slide show complete with pictures, charts, and graphs illustrating the features of the solar system. Everything was ready for Derek as he confidently strolled out to the stage. However, just as he was about to share his first slide, the screen went blank. Derek checked all the connections, wiggled the mouse, and restarted the computer. Nothing worked; the screen was still blank. Red-faced and embarrassed, Derek left the stage.

Is the conflict that Derek faced internal or external? Internal External

Explain your answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A Tough DecisionSitting at his desk with the blank test paper in front of him, Alex was really wishing he had studied for this science test. If he brought home another bad grade in science, his parents would ground him for sure. He looked across the row at Diane, who was filling in the answers effortlessly. Once again, Alex felt a stab of envy for Diane. She had obviously studied, and he wished again that he had. Mrs. Robertson was sitting at her desk grading papers. Would she even notice if Alex took a quick peek at Diane's paper? But Alex knew it was wrong to cheat and he could get into a lot of trouble if he got caught. As the clock ticked away, Alex dreaded the moment that Mrs. Robertson would collect the test papers.

What is the main conflict in the story?a. Alex vs. Dianeb. Alex vs. Mrs. Robertsonc. Alex vs. his parentsd. Alex vs. himself

SECTION 20

Is this conflict internal or external? Internal External


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Violin CompetitionBecky and Emily both wanted to be the first chair violinist in the orchestra, and they were equally good musicians. This afternoon Ms. Liu, the orchestra director, would decide. It was going to be a difficult decision. In the back of the orchestra room, Becky practiced her scales flawlessly, while Emily worked on a very demanding solo. Each girl knew she would have to play perfectly if she wanted to win first chair. When Ms. Liu called the girls in, each was determined to be the best.

Is the conflict internal or external? Internal External


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Use the word bank to complete the definitions in questions 1 – 8 below.

1. __________________________________ is the universal lesson or message of the story.

2. __________________________________ is the sequence of events in a story.

3. __________________________________ is the main problem or struggle in the story that the main character faces.

4. __________________________________ is the time and place of the story.

5. __________________________________ is the end or conclusion of the story.

6. __________________________________ is the most intense part of the story, where the character comes face to face with his/her conflict.

7. __________________________________ is conflict that happens within a character’s mind.

8. __________________________________ is conflict that happens outside of a character.

SECTION 21

conflict theme plot external setting internal resolution climax

Directions: Complete the two formulas about main idea and summary.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions below. Justify your answer in the box below each question.

(1) More than a thousand years ago, the Ancestral Puebloan people lived in the Southwest. They grew corn, beans, and squash. They made baskets and pottery. They built their dwellings into the sides of large cliffs. The Puebloan people seemed to live well for a while. Then, they suddenly left their homes. Why did they leave? Where did they go? No one knows for sure.

(2) Scientists who study the past have some ideas. Some think the Puebloan people left because they were having problems with other groups. Other scientists think they moved away because there were too many people. Still others think that dry weather might have caused them to move. They know that there were years in this area with no rainfall. Crops cannot grow when it is so dry. People might have left so they would not starve.

(3) Today, people can visit the dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloan people. But no one will ever know for sure why they seemed to vanish into thin air.

1. What is the topic of the passage?a. Vanishingb. Puebloan Peoplec. Native Americansd. Crops

2. So what? What is the main idea of the passage? (use one complete sentence)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What would be the best title for the passage? (should NOT be a complete sentence)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION 22

_________________________________________ + __________________________________________ = Main Idea

_________________________________________ + __________________________________________ = Summary

4. List three details that support the main idea.

a. ____________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________________

5. Using the main idea and supporting details, create a one sentence summary.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Match each term with the correct definition.

1. _____persuasion A. Reasons that your audience may disagree with you.

2. _____fact B. The author’s reason for writing (P.I.E.).

3. _____author’s purpose C. The person our group being persuaded.

4. _____opinion D. Information that can be proven.

5. _____author’s tone E. Statement that encourages the audience to take specific action in support of the author’s cause.

6. _____opposition F. A belief that cannot be proven right or wrong.

7. _____audience G. To influence the reader to believe or do what the author suggests.

8. _____ call to action H. Used to express the author’s additude or viewpoint toward a subject through their word choice.

SECTION 23

SECTION 24

1. The author’s reason for writing is called –a. persuasionb. author’s purposec. author’s tone

2. Which of the statements below is a fact?a. The best theme park in the world is Disney World.b. Hummingbirds are the prettiest of all the birds.c. LeBron James is the greatest basketball player of all time.d. Wreck-It Ralph is a movie that was released in 2012.

Directions: Read the letter below, and use it to answer questions 3 – 5.

3. Which of the sections in the letter above is the audience?a. I believe I should have an iPhone 6 as soon as it is released.b. Dear Mom and Dad,c. Also, it will help me keep in touch with my friends.d. Sincerely, Your Favorite Child

4. Which of the sections in the letter above is the opposition?a. I know that I already own an iPhone 5b. Sincerely, Your Favorite Childc. Also, it will help me keep in touch with my friends.d. Therefore, you should buy me the iPhone 6 on the day it is released.

5. Which of the sections in the letter above is the call to action?a. I believe I should have an iPhone 6 as soon as it is released.b. I know that I already own an iPhone 5c. Therefore, you should buy me the iPhone 6 on the day it is released.d. It has the ability to help me in school, through the use of many educational apps.

6. Read the sentence below.

Dear Mom and Dad,

I believe I should have an iPhone 6 as soon as it is released. I know that I already own an iPhone 5, but the iPhone 6 is the most up-to-date technology! It has the ability to help me in school, through the use of many educational apps. Also, it will help me keep in touch with my friends. Therefore, you should buy me the iPhone 6 on the day that it is released.

Sincerely, Your Favorite Child

Does the author use a positive tone or a negative tone in the sentence above? positive negative

Which word in the sentence proves the tone? _______________________________________________

7. Which of the statements below is an opinion?a. Starbucks has the best quality coffee.b. The first Starbucks store opened in 1971.c. Starbucks has stores in over 60 countries.d. The original Starbucks opened in Seattle.

8. Author’s purpose is easy as P.I.E.! What does P.I.E. stand for?

P: ___________________________________________

I: ___________________________________________

E: ___________________________________________

9. Read the sentence below.

Does the author use a positive tone or a negative tone in the sentence above? positive negative

Which word in the sentence proves the tone? _______________________________________________

10. Write a fact AND an opinion about yourself!

Fact: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Opinion: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Write “F” for fact beside the statements below that are facts. Write “O” for opinion beside the statements below that are opinions.

_____ 1. Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States.

_____ 2. Walt Disney World is a family-friendly theme park.

_____ 3. Whales are more exciting than dolphins

_____ 4. Whales are mammals.

The monarch is one of the most beautiful butterflies.

If the monarchs’ habitat is disturbed, the whole species could be hurt of completely wiped out.

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_____ 5. John Adams was the second president of the United States.

_____ 6. Jeff Kinney, author of Diary of a Wimpy Kid, is a talented author.

_____ 7. Abraham Lincoln was the best president the United States has ever had.

_____ 8. Taylor Swift is a better singer than Justin Bieber.

_____ 9. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.

_____ 10. Jennifer Lawrence starred in the movie The Hunger Games.._____ 11. There are glaciers in Alaska.

_____ 12. The Frenchman, La Salle, explored the Mississippi.

_____ 13. The cleaner your car is, the better it looks.

_____ 14. Cats are not as friendly as dogs.

Directions: Read each of the following selections, and decide whether the author’s purpose is to: persuade inform entertain

1. HAMSTERS FOR SALE: Braxton Pet Store, Northwood Mall: We have a large selection of hamsters for sale this week. They are interesting pets and you will enjoy having one. They are only $ 17.99 this week. Come and buy yours today!

The author’s purpose for writing is to _____________________________________ the reader ___________________________

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2. Calligraphy is a form of handwriting. A special pen must be used. Letters are formed using up and down strokes. Old documents are usually written in this form. Diplomas, certificates and other awards are written in calligraphy. It is an interesting form of handwriting.


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3. Katina and her brother, Jess, were playing with the water hose outside one day. Jess was hiding from Katina so she wouldn't squirt him with the water. The back door opened and Katina pointed the water hose toward the door. It was Mom and she was dripping wet!

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4. Rosie had the best time making her valentine cards for her classmates. She used red and white paper, heart stickers, markers and anything else she could find. It was great. Her friends are planning a valentine party on Feb. 14th at school. The one she made for her best friend is funny.


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5. The easy Chopper 3 will chop your vegetables for you in about 30 seconds. It is easy to use and you can use any vegetable. The cost is $ 29.95. Order yours today!


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6. Abraham Lincoln's birthday is on Feb. 12th. He was a great President of the United States. He was our 16th President. He is remembered for freeing the slaves.


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7. Judy Glen's amazing Wrinkle Remover cream will make you look younger in thirty days or less. This remarkable cream has special ingredients to make your wrinkles disappear. The cost for a thirty day supply is $ 25.99. Send your check to P.O.Box 00002, Shelton, CA 74836


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8. Thomas was not happy one little bit. His sister, Susan was making honor roll again. His parents would allow her to do anything she wanted to do. Thomas was not making honor roll this time and he was not going to be allowed to do all the things he wanted to do. Poor Thomas! He would just have to study harder and get back on the honor roll.


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9. Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867 in Pepin, Wisconsin to Charles and Caroline Ingalls. She met and married Almanzo James Wilder in 1885. She published many books based on her travels to the west. Her writing became the basis for the “Little House" series. She died in 1957.


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Directions: Read the passages below, and answer the questions that follow.

Jarrod walked into his mother’s room Saturday morning and set a tray of food he had prepared on the bed next to her. There was a piece of buttered toast, some burnt eggs, and a glass of orange juice. His mother awoke and smiled. “Breakfast for me? How thoughtful!”

Jarrod smiled at her. “Mom,” he said. “It’s June 1st. I finished the year with all A’s on my report card, and I’ve been helping Grandpa do his yard work, and I’ve done the dishes here every night for three months.” He waited for her to respond.

“That’s true!” she said. “And I’m so proud of you!” She quietly ate her eggs, avoiding the burnt edges, and took a drink of juice. She hummed and smiled to herself, as if Jarrod was not even in the room. Jarrod was going crazy inside, but he was trying to look calm. Finally, she looked up at him again. “Was there something else you wanted, dear?” “Well,” he said, “I guess I was thinking, um, that today…” His mother laughed. “I’m just kidding!” she cried. “Let’s go get your new cell phone!”

1. From the information in the story, the reader can conclude that Jarrod –a. is very good at making breakfast.b. does not get along with his sister.c. does not cook eggs very often.d. is not very good at his school work.

2. From the information in the story, the reader can conclude that Jarrod is getting a cell phone because –a. he did well in school and helped his family.b. he got a job and earned the money for it.c. he asked for a cell phone for his birthday.d. he is the only one in his family without one.

3. You can infer that Jarrod probably made breakfast for his mother because –a. she does not know how to make breakfast well.b. she had not been feeling very well for a whilec. he wanted to make sure she would buy the phone.d. he had to make her breakfast to get a cell phone.

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A habitat is where plants and animals live. Did you ever think that your own backyard could be a wildlife habitat? When you plant trees, shrubs, or build small ponds in your yard to make it more attractive, you are also creating a habitat where birds and other animals can find food or make their homes. Wildlife can live almost anywhere.

As good managers of our backyards, our task is to maintain a healthy, living community. It doesn’t matter if the environment is a small patch of green space in an urban setting, a backyard in the suburbs, or a sprawling farm or orchard. The space can become a better home for the wildlife already living there and a home for new wild neighbors.

4. What inference can you make based on the information in the first paragraph?a. Wildlife hides in backyards.b. Concrete, bricks, and tar are not a good habitat for most wildlife.c. Animals do not live in backyards.d. People should plant trees and shrubs to make homes for wildlife.

5. Based on the information in the second paragraph, a reader can infer that --a. good managers live on farms.b. little wildlife is found in cities.c. habitat quality is more important than habitat size.d. animals prefer habitats that have a lot of fruit.

In 1588, England’s Queen Elizabeth I faced the threat of war with Spain. The Spanish wanted to take control of trade routes in the Atlantic Ocean. Under King Philip II, Spain had amassed a large and powerful armada, or fleet, of 130 warships. They prepared to attack England.

With only 90 ships, England’s fleet was smaller than the Spanish Armada. However, the English ships were faster and had better guns. The battle for the Atlantic trade routes took place in the English Channel. It lasted only nine days. Not one English ship was sunk. Only half of the Spanish Armada made it back to Spain. England’s strong navy would be put to the test again and again, as England became the most powerful country in the world.

6. What is the author trying to show in the second paragraph?a. that Spain had amassed a large and powerful Armadab. that the Spanish Armada defeated England’s fleetc. that England’s fleet defeated the Spanish Armadad. that all of the English ships were sunk

7. Which conclusion is BEST supported by the end of the passage?a. Queen Elizabeth did not want to fight the Spanish.b. Spain wanted to control the trade routes in the Atlantic Ocean.c. Spain would become more powerful.d. The English fleet became the greatest naval power in the world.

Directions: Match the correct external text structure to its purpose.

1. __________ external text structures A. a drawing to better explain the text

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2. __________ illustration

3. __________ graph

4. __________ photograph

5. __________ caption

6. __________ heading

7. __________ subheading

8. __________ bold

9. __________ italics

10. __________ sidebar

B. designed to make reading easier

C. under a photograph and tells you the details of the picture

D. informs the reader of key words/vocabulary

E. top of the page and explains the central topic or theme

F. slanted font and used to make a word stand out

G. a box that gives extra information on a topic

H. a visual representation of data or numbers

I. a real-life picture representing information from the text

J. used to clarify or divide the text under a title or heading

web viewwhich book would be most useful for learning more about how different. ... 7 tears shone in...

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