Submission 1 – Institute of International Relations - UNESCO’s 1998 report on Cyberspace Law is provided as an attachment

Submission 2 – German government – 10 principles - Citizens can only enjoy freedom, security and well being if the governance of the inrent is

in line with the interests of the people- There are preexisting principles documents but are either only supported by some

stakeholders are limited in regional reach- Global principles may serve as a global reference point to establish consensus on what is

allowed, accepted and wanted with regard to use of the internet - Same rights offline as online- Governments possess public authority including internet related public policy issues and

supposed to be the main source for legitimacy and democratic legitimation – have to respect human rights, rule of law, and that national law compiles with international law

- Civil society should continue as facilitator notably as empowerment and credibility especially at the community level.

- The private sector and tech community significantly influence and encourage the development, distribution and accessibility of the internet and should continue

- Principles inspired by UNGA resolution HRC resolution, OECD, Council of Europe, G8, ROAM principles of UNESCO and COMPACT principles of European Commission and CGI.br

o Global and free internet as a single commons, driving force for progress towards development, growth, innovation and creativity

o Same rights offline must be protected online, privacy protection has to be strengthened at the global level, unlawful or arbitrary surveillance interception and unlawful arbitrary collection of data as highly intrusive act, may violate rights to privacy, freedom of expression and access to information

o Access to internet should respect principle of non-discrimination, transparency and openness

o All stakeholders, cooperating, in respective roles with specific responsibilities respect principles and refrain from measures that may violate human rights, undermine equal and democratic participation, disrespect of the rule of law or compromise open internet

o Rule of law must be the foundation for legislation and norm development online. States must ensure full compliance with obligations under international law

o Cultural and linguistic diversity can foster development of local contento Individual empowerment through education, knowledge, health and infrastructure

but also accessible, affordable, stable and reliable digital environment – technically advanced states should support appropriate capacity in building less advanced states

o Decision making processes in IG need to be transparent and include all stakeholders, all decision makers accountable for their decisions

o Security, stability, robustness and resilience of the Internet should be a key objective of governments

o Tech community and private sector should retain their leading roles in the day to day management of the decentralized internet

Submission 3 – Richard Hill – 8 Principles based on Dilma’s 5 in UNGA speech - Dilma said, “we need to create multilateral mechanisms for the worldwide network that

are capable of ensuring o freedom of expression, privacy and respect for human rights; o open multilateral and democratic governance carried out with transparency by

stimulating creativity and participation of society, governments and the private sector;

o universality that ensures human development; o cultural diversity without imposition of beliefs, customs and values and o neutrality of the network guided only by tech and ethical criteria

- Principles to ensure the internet develops as a single unfragmented global platform that allows anyone-to-anyone communications

o Internet is an international public network that can only thrive in a multilaterally agreed formal international framework that ensures accountability and transparency. Framework must ensure the right, means and opportunity to use the internet, and all can influence its governance

o Need for international agreement on security matters and unilateral assertion of national laws or extra territorial actions. Any restrictions on human rights must be necessary and proportionate

o Technical specs must be consistent with public policy. o Identify main difficulties that digital economy poses for applying existing

international tax lawso Reduce costs for developing countries users to connect, as outlined in ITU-T recso Access to infrastructure is an essential component of info society , affordable. o Market solutions will not always result in rollout of sufficient infrastructure,

regulations promoting equal access to infrastructure may be appropriateo Agree a formal framework providing all governments to participate on an equal

footing in the governance and supervision of ICANN and IANA to supervise these functions as per Tunis agenda paras 29, 35, 36, 61 and 69

Submission 4- ISOC Yemen - Open, stable, resilient interoperable internet- Preserve multistakeholder model- World deserves access to knowledge, services, commerce and communication.

Governments should promote expanding access to broadband networks to world citizens can be reached

- Benefits of Internet depend on free flow of information – any governance model must promote free flow of information

- Governance should promote open, distributed, interoperable and interconnected nature of internet

- Resilience, security, stability must be preserved because internet is integral part of global economy

- Individuals should be able to exercise human rights online and offline- Governments should recognize limits of ability to collect information on internet users

and on users reasonable privacy interest and impact on trust of the internet - All stakeholders have a stake in preserving internet must continue to be involved

- Any policy making must be transparent and accountable, grounded in rule of law

Submission 5 – Universidad National de San Luis- Cyber attacks could be included in spirit and letter of Article 51 of UN Charter - Cyberspace is recognized as a new domain of war but without a cyber defence agreement- Detecting botnets and detecting attacks is feasible technically and economically- IF UN began using LSNFA to detect cyber attacks and espionage could be faced, also

money laundering- Without a cyber defence agreement, unilateral remedies will continue - Most important aspect of dealing with doctrine of self defence (Article 51) is to attribute

unlawful conduct – there is an attribution problem- Large Scale Net Flow Analysis and Pattern Recognition – it is possible to detect botnet /

cyber attack systems without privacy rights violation, private data will not be accessed

Submission 6 – US Government – 5 principles- achieving consensus on principles will require flexibility, a fair process and cooperation- our primary goal is to work with all stakeholders to achieve shared support for

multistakeholder internet governance - A good starting point would be consideration of previously compiled high level principles

o Commitment to multistakeholder approach, consensus rooted in democratic values, participation and transparency

o Protection of human rights that apply online and offlineo Promotion of universal and non-discriminatory access to the interneto Promotion of stability, security, interoperability, and functioning of networko Promote standard setting, regulatory and legal environments that support

innovation and avoid duplication- Wise to avoid excessive deliberation on issues known to divide, discourage meeting

participations from debating the reach or limitations of state sovereignty in internet policy

- Existing multistakeholder institutions deserve credit for the internet’s global growth, and should continue to evolve along side changing technologies. Governments should participate meaningfully and facilitate and enable the system to function well. Governments should ensure that proper incentives and environment are in place domestically so that a single, interoperable internet can flourish globally

Submission 7 – George Washington University- Paper on how the US EU and Canada have used trade policies to regulate the internet - National policies that protect privacy, IP rights, thwarts cyber threat, hacking spam, may

distort cross border information flows and trade. - The Internet has become a platform for trade itself, has dramatically expanded trade and

policies have served to enhance and undermine Internet freedom. - In theory, WTO should be venue for these discussions. WTO members agree to not place

tariffs on data flows, and has dispute settlement body, however governments have not found common ground on reducing trade barriers to information flows

- The US is actively pushing for binding provisions in trade agreement to advance the free flow of information while challenging other nations privacy and server location policies as trade barriers

- Officials have not worked out how to negotiate trade agreements that accommodates need for secrecy and meets public expectations for transparency

- Policy makers don’t know if censorship is a barrier to trade. Submission 8 – Richard Hill

- Summarizes Internet Ad Hoc Group proposals, o This group met in the mid-1990s, recommended creation of MOU, created a legal

structure for Internet governance. US rejected this and created ICANN- the role of the US government,

o In 1997 the USG said it would phase oversight of Internet DNS no later than 30 September 2000.

- Modularization of ICANN’s functions, o This approach assumes the DNS would remain a natural monopolyo Governments concerned that ICANN operates under US Lawo Root server operations considered satisfactory, no issues require urgent

resolution, but the issue is long term international supervision of root server operations

o Root servers highly technical and require specialized skills, relatively rare, so some countries will contribute more – model such as Intelsat and Inmarsat are models

o Proposes new intergovernmental body called INROOTS made up of governments and private sector entities, two tiered structure, tech and operational, with governments in a supervisory function, voting weighted by contributions, civil society input through governments

o INROOTs would certify specific bodies to request changes to entries in the authoritative root zone file, only accepted from specific TWOs

o Issues related to gTLD policy should be separated from ccTLD policies – recognizing that the USG has responsibility for .gov, .edu .com .mil .net and .org

o The gTLD .int is reserved for international treaty organizations – appropriate that the ITU should oversee

o The RIRs currently perform IP address allocation, perceived regional imbalance of IPv4 address allocation. In future, the RIRs should recognized as having oversight of allocation of addresses within their regions

- and relations to existing intergovernmental organizationso What is controversial are suggestions that there should be greater involvement of

intergovernmental organizations.o ITU could be asked to form an MOU with ICANN – and MOU could foresee that the

GAC would become a group within ITU

Submission 9 – People’s Republic of China- Common challenges in information security should be dealt with through international

cooperation, an international code was put forward by China, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

- Provided text of the draft code

Submission 10 – Paradigm Initiative Nigeria- Same rights offline as online- Citizens should be free from fear of surveillance, monitoring, interception or violation of

privacy, any interference for security must be clearly defined in law

- Clarity is needed when private data of individuals is stored by intermediaries and can be accessed. Requests for data should follow legally stipulated procedures, and court warrants required, and reported to concerned individual. Each private entity in Nigeria holding data on individuals should release periodic report, with policies readily accessible to the public

- It is the right of citizens to access the internet, and it should be illegal for governments to deny or censor access without acceptable reasons, individuals have the right to create content that is not subject to censorship

- Freedom of expression also applies to internet activities, and include Tweets, likes and favorites and shares and should enjoy protected status of human rights

Submission 11 – Global Knowledge Partnerships Foundation - IG struggling with private commons versus private ownership, sovereignty versus

geography of cyberspace and new forms of sovereignty and governance - Cyberspace requires new understandings of sovereignty – fundamentally different from

traditional understandings regarding territoriality. - Legitimacy, development and sustainability of sovereignty is cyberspace is dependent on

o Availability of instruments for internal and external awareness building, knowledge exchange and processing – knowledge currently held by a self selected elite

o Establishment of a new understanding of multistakeholderism based on inter-sovereignty collaboration – is has problems and frustration but has produced successes. It is under strain, complexity

o Real problem is based in the sovereignty inherit in decision making processes and that inherit in processes of implementation

- Only way to overcome is to develop new understanding of multistakeholderism with new understanding of roles, interdependency of those roles and instruments of joint implementation

- Multistakeholderism today needs tangible practical forms of working.

Submission 12 – UK government- Recognizes preexisting principles, HRC, OECD, CoE, G8, European Commission, CGI.br- Global consensus on high level principles will act as a valuable guide on how to approach

discussions – principles should not easily go out of date and must enjoy genuine consensus – smaller number high level more useful than detailed longer lists.

- Brazilian principles have attracted widespread support, may be helpful to take them as a starting point

- Unequivocal support for multistakeholder model – needs to adapt – risk that setting roles of various stakeholders in stone will introduce an inflexible structure

- IGF has played an important role – needs to be more navigable and lead to clearer outputs – needs strengthened secretariat.

- Decision making in IG lose sight of need to support stakeholders without resources- In Europe, liberalization has brought about transformation in telco services – need to help

developing countries open up their markets to reduce cost of connectivity by adopting proportionate licensing and regulatory regimes to encourage companies to invest.

- UK does not believe a single international organization should oversee the internet, risk that centralizing and compartmental approach would disconnect existing international orgs and exclude some stakeholders

- There are not internet issues, internet is so fundamental, there are simply issues- Compelling localization of the internet would risk undermining economic and social

benefits of internet. Internet started in the US and traffic routed through there, but as users increase, architecture has adapted. Significant internal routing within and between different regions, traffic routed through the US is falling.

- ICANN already taking steps to globalize – ICANN needs to remain primarily technical- Likely will be a time when the DNS and IANA function is fully globalized – but the Internet

works under current arrangements, it has proven robust. It needs to be demonstrated that any change will work as effectively. Change proposals need scrutiny and consensus.

- Sao Paolo will identify serious questions that any new proposal would need to answer. And the meeting can identify which multistakeholder process could begin to address these issues.

Submission 13 – Non Commercial stakeholders Group – ICANN- The WSIS definition and division of stakeholders has proven ambiguous, unworkable and

undesirable. Implementing policy requires direct interaction with tech and operational matters and making policy often requires deep knowledge of tech constraints. The knowledge can come only from the direct participation of private sector and technical community as equals

- Public policy is transnational, not national – so states are partial and imperfect representatives of the global public

- WSIS only says civil society is important, not really what its role is – they are not just local community they are transnational and advocate for human rights and international principles

- In IG the quest for sovereignty is futile – effective policies need to be global or transnational

Submission 14 – University of Gezira, Sudan – 9 principles- Freedom of expression- Respect for human values and ethnic diversity- Opportunities for training and education, non discrimination on basis of race or gender- Do not block the internet - Governments must not restrict creativity of citizens or violate basic privacy- All states to establish laws to protect children from dangers of the internet and human

trafficking- Freedom of electronic press should be protected- Do not involve politics in the work of organization and management of the internet- Make the internet for all, a safe place and open

Submission 15 – Richard Hill- Offline rights should apply online, including the right to take part in public affairs- Argues against NGOs and private sector participating on an equal footing with

governments – non government entities might not be democratic.- Private companies are not democratic entities – NGOs are typically membership

organizations - Policy authority for Internet-related public policy issues is the sovereign right of states 

Submission 16 – Zimbabwe Human Rights Forum

- the African charter on Human Rights does not protect the right to privacy, online or offline- The African Convention of Cybercrime has stalled due to lack of consensus and will not

solve problems as it is flawed and did not consult stakeholders- South Africa’s Constitutional Court and Human Rights Commission is advancing best

practice in privacy online - NetMundial offers and opportunity to ensure that African regulatory framework that is

currently shambolic benefits from international best practice and comparative experiences from around the word.

Submission 17 – Beta Advanced Projects - The US treasury blocks sites of countries in Cuba, Iran and Sudan – Google, Adobe and

other companies have blocked access to services- This violates principles of net neutrality, filtering or traffic privileges must meet ethical

and technical criteria and exclude political commercial or other factors.

Submission 18 – Government of Sweden- We must safeguard free and open internet and multistakeholder model- Same rights offline as online – freedom of expression a cornerstone- Government surveillance must be carried out with respect for human rights at all times

and in line with fundamental principles of legality, legitimate aim, necessity, proportionality, judicial authority, and transparency and public oversight.

- States have rights and responsibilities, in their exercise of sovereign rights; states should refrain from action to harm persons or entities outside their territorial jurisdiction. Any national decision must comply with international law.

Submission 19 – Non-Commercial Stakeholders- ICANN- blueprint for globalizing IANA function

o keep IANA clerical – separate from policyo Don’t internationalize political oversight – end ito Align incentives to ensure accuracy and security or root zone maintenanceo Delink globalization of IANA from broader ICANN policy proposals

- Separate IANA functions from ICANN policy processes- Integrate DNS related IANA functions with the Root Zone Maintainer functions performed

by VeriSign and put into a new independent DNS authority- Create a non profit controlled by a consortium of TLD registries and root server operators

to run the DNSA- Complete the transition by September 2015 when the IANA contract expires

Submission 20 – Alvarez and Marsal - Information Security Agent for Brazil – Information security Forum

- need to understand threats – Threat Horizon report = biggest risks unknown threats- Known threats like hacktivism and malicious software enduring threats, matured- Reputation is a new target for cyber attacks, insider activists who leak information and

hacktivists collective who vote on who they dislike this week- Criminals value information, motivated to obtain it and to use what leaks- Role of governments must not be misunderstood – they have a key role to play but they

won’t lead.

Submission 21 – St. Thomas University & University of Lodz- IG must gain legitimacy by safeguarding human rights, states have an international law

obligation to engage in multilateral cooperation to achieve results - Therefore support fundamental principles delineated by US government that existing

multistakeholder institution deserve credit

Submission 22 – Ian Potter – Individual- IANA established before most internet governance institutions existed- IANA no longer needs a separate identity and would be more productively merged with

functions under ICANN

Submission 23 – Internet Governance Coalition – 7 principles- represents leading internet and telco companies including Amazon, AT&T, Cisco, Comcast,

Google, Junipur, Microsoft, Telefonica, Walt Disney, Time warner, 21st Century Fox, Verizon

- Multistakeholder has resulted in historic economic, social and political development- Tunis Agenda affirmed multistakeholder, transparent and democratic governance - Principles

o Safe, secure, open, interoperable and sustainable interneto Politics must stimulate sustainable investmento Support international markets allowing seamless flow of services, app, products

and informationo Policies must foster innovation across networks, services and ensure IP protectiono Must support increased transparency and openness in intergovernmental

organizations and multistakeholder mechanismso Must support capacity building and implementationo Must support rule of law which governments have primary responsibility for

advancing.

Submission 24 – Best Bits – Human Rights principle

- Imperative of human rights based approach for framing IG policy decision making and providing principles for processes and participation mechanisms

- APC Internet Rights Charter and the IRP Charter recognize these principles, as does CoE 2011 Declaration, CGI.br principles and the G8 Declaration of 2011

- Openness, transparency, inclusivity, accountability and equitable multistakeholder participation should form basis of processes and participation principles that would frame common understandings of how decision making discussions, deliberations and decision making should occur

Submission 25 – Best Bits – governance - there are multiple forums in IG but do not all adequately fulfill basic procedural criteria –

transparency, effectiveness, accountability and open participation – as a result, development issues not adequately tackled and HR under threat.

- Need distributed, coordinated, systems of IG

- Issues not addressed in current system include universal and affordable access, protection of freedom of expression, privacy, net neutrality, access to knowledge, culture and linguistic diversity, cross border information flow and jurisdiction

- Institutional shortcomings include lack of multistakeholder forums to address public policy issues – made instead on ad hoc or arbitrary basis by governments and the private sector, lack of clarity and coordination between existing forums, imbalance in power in existing forums, digital development agenda has failed to deliver.

- Guidelines are needed on underlying human rights values, preservation of global internet, the role of different stakeholders varies according ot issue, venue, status of discussion

- Decision making should be transparent and comprehensible, accountable, effective, adaptable

- Participation should be open, informed meaningful - Mistake to think that one body or one set of experts could be responsible for effective

policy making on all internet matters – rather, a distributed system enables issue expertise, including civil society

- Proposalso A new coordinating function to seek, compile, review, research and analyze inputs

on progress and gaps in internet public policy – to recommend venues for further policy

o Issue specific multistakeholder working groups, possibly within IGF frameworko Broad participation and role of reformed IGF. IGF has enriched discussion and

understanding, at a minimum the Working Group recommendations should be implemented.

Submission 26 – Article 19 and Best Bits - ICANN is not solely a tech organization, impossible to ignore broader public policy

dimensions of its work, i.e. IP and competition and tax policy- Concerns raised about ICANN’s legitimacy –it’s lack of independence from the USG, the

lack of representation of developing countries, disproportionate influence of the GAC, lack of accountability of the board

- To improve structure and accountability, reform is inevitable to fulfill its promise to be truly global multistakeholder so guided by principles

o Multistakeholder not multilateralo Human rightso Transparency and accountabilityo Inclusiveness and diversity

- ICANN’s legal status should be affirmed as nongovernmental – oppose turning ICANN into intergovernmental organization

- ICANNs mandate should be clarified and narrowed, by o Introducing a provision in the bylaws prohibiting organizations from engaging in

content regulation or conduct that violates human rights of expression or privacyo Bylaws that a right of private parties to initiate legal action on these groundso Resolution of trademark and other IP disputes should take into account HR

covenantso ICANN should remain non-profit and public – California law would appear suitable.

But may be desirable for ICANN to delegate some functions to subsidiary bodies located elsewhere

- Advantages to ICANN not moving HQ outside of USAo Ensures stability of current contractual arrangements with registries and

registrarso No need to negotiate with USGo Would no prevent ICANN from expanding reach beyond the US, various hubs and

engagement offices have started this – subsidiaries in Switzerland or Belgium could be suitable to pursue international expansion.

- Denationalize the IANA contract - solutions should meet criteria- protection of root zone from political or other interference (so avoid multilateralism) , integrity, stability, continuity, security of admin of root zone, trust by internet users in admin of function, single unified root zone, accountability mechanism

- Improved representation of developing countries within ICANN and GAC – funds for this –and all ICANN documents should be in the 6 UN languages

- Making the GAC more inclusive, transparent and accountableo More open to stakeholders to observe and participateo Working methods more transparento No reason for GAC to be given more weight than others – amend ICANN’s bylaws to

make it equalo Any additional powers to GAC should be firmly resistedo Consideration should be given to mainstreaming government participation

- Accountability of the Boardo Decision making should be transparent, including reasons for decisionso Independent Review Board Actions should be strengthenedo Should be possibility to call for board dissolution in exceptional circso ICANN’s status as a private organization should re retained.

Submission 27 – Just Net Coalition

Submission 28 – University of Gezeira- discusses cybercrime and dangers posed to children, which multistakeholder forums

should take into consideration and include victims of- Multistakeholderism deserves credit for success of internet.

Submission 29 – ISOC Costa Rica

- Strong asymmetries exist in the standards of accountability and transparency of policy, and of operational and technical bodies closer to user access at regional and national level.

- RIR, IXPs, ccTLDs and gTLDs are seldom subject to the same level of accountability and transparency as other, higher-level entities.

- Policy makers have less influence and less understanding of business procedures, which are most familiar to private sector access providers.

- This situation can lead to stronger friction at the regional and local levels, and, if uncoordinated, may negatively impact the path to globalization of Internet Governance (IG).

- New global Internet governance architectures should guarantee the same accountability and transparency standards to entities that operate either at the regional or at local levels. Moreover, to help avoid asymmetries in access and governance at local level in smaller

economies, a proactive stance should be taken to promote and guarantee true bottom-up, multi-stakeholder participation in all relevant issues.

 Submission 30 – ISOC Yemen

- Same as proposal 4Submission 31 – IGF

- IGF has proven its relevance, with regional and several dozen national IGFs

Submission 32 – Avri Doria- Independent researcher- Disagreement on whether multistakeholder model is democratic – often complaint

includes bypassing democratically elected representatives of governments- Governments say, “we do not know what multistakeholder means, but we all know what

democracy means”, but democracy is many different things. - Multilateral expressions of democracy – one vote one person – more an ideal than a

reality, and is inadequate for handling the needs of the internet – issues too complex for any one group, including a global multilateral group, to handle

- Need to develop improved forms of participatory democracy – underdeveloped and flawed at times.

Submission 33 - Michael Gerstein- Equal distribution of internet benefits to address social, economic, cultural and political

injustice- Provides document prepared by Community Informatics developed in 2013- Internet more than a technology or market place, social environment - Community informatics approach supports equal distribution of benefits- Aspire to Internet owned and controlled by communities that use it.

Submission 34 – Identidad Robada- propose website to report cybercrime and provide educational materials

Submission 35 – China Institute of Contemporary International relations - If we ask what kind of cyberspace or information society we want, what are the major

threats and challenges and what kind of IG philosophy and mechanisms can deal effectively, we can conclude the basic principles of IG

- Principle of harmony and safety, of development, Justice, Efficiency, Dymanics elaborated

Submission 36 – Action de Sensibilisation sure les NTIC - 2nd Forum on Internet governance in Central Africa was held in August 2013- Recommendations arising focused on

o Need to involve media to contribute awareness on the issues of ICT o Need for governments to host servers nationally locallyo Need to generate dynamic in central Africa to bring governments, the private

sector and CSO to solve the problems of the ICT sectoro Advocacy for the rights to be recognized as part of the UDHRo Advocacy for the use of Internet and ICTs to fight against violence against women

and girlso Advocacy for the establishment of exchange points, national and regional and

encourage governments to get involved in the process

o Promote development of local content to enjoy autonomy of cultural heritage- role of US government leads to ICANN not being fully representative or transparency- 2 options for ICANN’s future – an intergovernmental body or independent private sector

status with multistakeholder input, prefers latter

Submission 37 – Federal Uni of Ceara- education practices on the webs and the standardization of curricula issues discussed

Submission 38 – Jeremy Malcolm- Addition to best bits, notes of caution and solutions to the fact that certain policy issues

cannot be addressed within current internet governance ecosystem due to institutional deficits

- New coordinating mechanism and more new multistakeholder working groups are needed – to develop soft law but could make recommendations to GA or treaty bodies

- Best bits submission does not acknowledge two thingso Substantial disagreement between and within stakeholder groups over whether

governments should have preeminent role over public policy or all stakeholder groups should be equal. No likelihood that NetMundial will solve this

o GAC is an unsuccessful attempt at compromise – it goes governments rights no other stakeholder group has but its recommendations are purley advisory

o SOLUTION 1 – Governments do not and never have claimed a primary role on some issues – tech issues. Each issue gives different stakeholders different roles. Money laundering = governments, on spam filtering = governments should take a back seat.

o SOLUTION 2 – consociational structure – each group has a veto right o SOLUTION 3 – broader role of IGF – the most accessible, central policy forum –

should be tasked with developing recommendations for other institutions. Would continue to have a broad mandate

Submission 39 – AFICTA – Africa ICT Alliance- Principles – do no harm, openness, accountability, awareness and knowledge sharing,

freedom to use the internet - Constructive and continuous engagement already happening, we need equal participation,

empowerment of stakeholders from developing and LCDs, recognize multistakeholder institutions need to remain at heart, governments should commit to a single interoperable internet, and to collaborate with the private sector towards prevention of crime, to improve addressing of threats

Submission 40 – University of Gezira, Sudan- US embargoes that block sites from Sudan, Iran, North Korea and Cuba which violates

principles of internet governance. - As ICANN is a US entity, this impacts the potential of this organization to operate fairly

Submission 41 – Louis Pouzon

- US government remains fully determined to retain unilateral control over the internet through ICANN – cyber colonization

- Countries and citizens cannot afford to remain sitting ducks and to stand up to the hyper power can

o Apply national / regional law on personal data privacyo Apply national/ regional fiscal laws on tax evasiono Impose penalties on abuse market dominanceo Exclude illegitimate monopolies from major contracts o Better balance investment/revenues between operators, content providers, ISPs

and mediao Protect national plants from illegitimate patentso Create national / regional domain registries independent from ICANNo Open competition between multiple DNS rootso Use open source softwareo Promote user friendly end to end email encryptiono Keep object identifier registries and standards under trade controlo Boost research and development on the future internet (RINA)o

- First level of defence is making spying and predatory behavior more costly- Second level is to carve out areas of independence to gain bargaining power- Objective should be to make countries more resistant and better prepared for aggressive

intrusions

Submission 42 - Internet NZ

- Supports IGP paper- Internet NZ is an at large structure within ICANN responsible for .nz top level domain- long argued for structural separation between IANA and ICANN as separation of IANA

registry function from ICANN’s broader policy making function best interests of TLD managers – both registry and policy functions should not have the priorities of one limiting the other.

- Don’t internationalize political oversight – end it. The real issue is political oversight of policymaking, not the technical body that implements that policy.

- Permanent transfer of the IANA contract (which expires 30 September 2015) to the DNSA returns IANA to purely technical function over which no state has oversight.

- Internet NZ would not support allocation IANA functions to another politically controlled body of any sort. Want separation of multistakeholder policy making from technical focused and robust operational entities.

- TLD community has exemplary track record of collaborating on technical matters for the public good.

Submission 43 – Hivos – 9 principles - Multistakeholder model with wide balanced and global representation – more resources

needed to engage wider stakeholders from developing countries- Internet public policies implementation main responsibility of governments, bottom up

community driven approach in designing the policies best serves the public interest- Human rights responsibility of every internet stakeholder

- Users rights online are central and should be improved by materialization of those rights offline. Legislation that hinders human rights should be reviewed and guarantee that rights online are identical to offline

- Open inclusive neutral and unrestricted access – data protection, privacy, security and freedom of expression are basic to development of the internet

- Rule of law, equal unhindered affordable access and multilingualism basic requirements- General security and protection of users and rights are global multistakeholder

responsibility lead by governments; day-to-day tech management of the Internet is the responsibility of the private and technical community. None of these should undermine net neutrality, transparency and inclusiveness of all stakeholders.

- State sovereignty stipulated by international treaties and users privacy should be respected and protected from external surveillance operations

- Internet is a global public good, critical Internet resources, including root severs, names and numbers need to be managed globally.

Submission 44 – Tech UK- Governance principles need to be fully supported by all stakeholders with a proper

consensus – higher principles better than a long list of detailed statements. - Fully supports continuing use of multistakeholder model, realizing that it will continue to

evolve to remain fit for purpose. - Incumbent on developed nations to support rural and remote communities to benefit- In Europe market liberalization has brought enormous benefits which we would like to

see replicated around the world- See no need for the creation of a single international organization, problems are perfectly

well taken care of in existing orgs such as the WTO and others- Vital that a single internet is retained as fragmentation and localism would seriously

undermine economic and social benefits we draw today- Network architecture is changing with far less traffic being routed through the US than

hitherto the case. This is not a bad thing and improves traffic management as local hubs appear

- ICANN should remain a technical organization and should not stray into politics and policy- Multistakeholder model is vital to the future wellbeing and changes should be resisted

unless everyone can see major benefits in them.

Submission 45 – Russian Parliament - Snowden has demonstrated a complete lack of security and control- Necessity to protect the rights of citizens causes the actions of states to establish legal

framework for relations arising while using the Internet – but attempts to create legislation can lead to negative consequences as internet is cross border.

- So need all states to develop a unified international legally binding legislation- Violations of human rights on the web are global, from states and TNCs, criminals and

individual – states and stakeholders need to find frameworks for the protection of rights in those areas in which the states have the exclusive authority and responsibility.

- The future of the internet is foggy - constantly developing, new technologies and stakeholders appear, the influence of some stakeholders increases and decreases

- Need to define a unified definition of internet governance – applying the multistakeholder approach, it is necessary to determine the degree of responsibility of each – currently not

done – leading to different groups claiming they have the right to decide the future of the internet

- IGF perfectly suited for discussion and consensus than meeting behind closed doors of elite groups.

- Critical infrastructure, particularly DNS is stable, but control of one government for the root zone governance of IANA worries the international community. In future alternative scenarios of the DNS implementation are possible.

- Lack of transparency undermines the credibility of the entire control system of the critical infrastructure.

- IANA functions quite effectively – next step, a working group to develop proposals for formulation of an international body for oversight and audit – such a body should have tech competencies.

- Internet is trans boundary, but nation states have fixed and clear boundaries for spreading laws and rules. Each country problems security, IP and domains differently, but these issues can be determined on an international level through treaties but more often it doesn’t. This process should be activated; it is necessary to define what should be regulated at the international level.

- Right to information must be protected, including against unauthorized surveillance, special responsibility on states as a guarantor of the rights of both the national and international.

Submission 46 – Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority - Many principles for IG have already been developed within different orgs – Council of

Europe, OECD, CGI.br which can guide development of global principles- Global principles should take universal principles that will apply regardless, and should be

applied regardless of tech, social and cultural developments that lie ahead – and must be supported by all stakeholders

- Principles should promote open free global robust secure and resilient internet, and respect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, comply with international law, including right to privacy

- Sustaining flexibility inherent in multistakeholder model, ensuring all relevant stakeholders can participate and contribute

- Enhancing democratic values, accountability, non-discrimination, transparency, representation and openness and respecting public interests for the benefit of all users.

- Many different organizations in ecosystem, one important arena is IGF, regional initiatives are also useful

- Multistakeholder model and continue to be developed, more accountability, respect and sensitivity for the different public policies in multistakeholder organizations. Greater transparency and participation should be introduced

- Recommendations from CSTWG on improving IGF should strengthen it- The recommendations in the report from Affirmation of Commitment review team should

be addressed to improve accountability and transparency of ICANN- Globalization of ICANN and IANA function has been called for and steps already taken.

Norway supports this process while acknowledging that due consideration must be given to stability of DNS

- ICANNs GAC provides an important channel. - ICANN’s role is technical not political and should remain that way – ICANN should not be

used as a forum for political debate, and the IANA function should not be politicized

Submission 47 – Government of India- Internet is a shared resource and global commons- Can provide means for sustainable and inclusive development, provides a voice for the

voiceless like never before, potential can be realized only by providing universal access and affordable devices.

- Internet today – Equinet tomorrow- Infrastructure of the internet is not protected by any international regime, so important to

shape a globally acceptable legal regime to maintain openness, security and international trust

- Management of internet is both technical and public policy and should involve all stakeholders and relevant intergovernmental and international organizations – policy authority is the sovereign right of states

- Governance should be multilateral, transparent, democratic and representative, with participation of governments, private sector, and civil society, international organizations in their respective roles.

- Structures of core internet resources need to be internationalized, made representative and democratic – owned by the global community and rendered impervious to manipulation of misuse by any one stakeholder –state or non state

- WSIS + 10 opportunity to build confidence, rectify gaps in Tunis agenda and establish a mechanism to devise a roadmap

- Recognizing Tunis Agenda endorsed by GA and created IGF, the IGF should continue - All governments should have an equal role and responsibility in ensuring stability,

security and continuity of the Internet, applying norms deriving from international law and reducing risks to international peace and security.

- Voluntary confidence building measure can promote trust, states need to consider ways of cooperating in implementing acceptable norms and principles including the role played by the private sector and civil society

- Given pace of change, states need to enhance common understanding and intensify cooperation through the UN and bilateral, regional and multilateral organizations

- Govs, business, organization and individual have responsibility for taking steps to enhance the security of information technology

- Criminal misuse of ICTs in cyberspace should be coordinated by all concerned states, states should intensify cooperation, harmonization of legal approaches and coop between law enforcement agencies

- Global nature of cybercrime requires new international and international legal and other responses

- New cyber jurisprudence needs to deal with cybercrime- All stakeholders need to transfer IT and capacity building to developing countries to

bridge the divide - Same rights offline must be protected online, in particular freedom from expression- All stakeholders must commit to work multi lingualisation of the internet and locally

relevant information

Submission 48 – Telecom Italia Group- Internet more important every day thanks to massive investment in infrastructure made

by telcos- Huge growth of internet as a consequence of unregulated nature of the technology

- Multilingual diversification is occurring with gTLDs in Arabic, Cyrillic and Chinese - Overarching framework of universal shared values is needed, OECD and CGI.br are good

examples- Principles should promote safe, secure, open, reliable and interoperable, strengthening

privacy at the global level, stimulate sustainable investment, increase transparency, openness and inclusiveness

- One of the goals of Sao Paolo is recognition that principles should be shared and considered common by all stakeholders

- We have seen an increase in the number and diversity of end users, of applications, variety of technologies and the emergence of more complex business relationships, all of which have placed increasing pressure on the internet leading to changes in the optimal level of standardization, a shift to wards more formal governance to manage the increase and heterogeneity of users, the migration of functions into the core of the network, and growing complexity of internet pricing

- Diffusion of cross layers architecture for the mobile internet shows that when circs have changed, the network architecture needs to change

- Protocol layers always at heart of internet and coherence with the layered stack has always characterized Internet architecture – it has been suggested that lower layers of the Internet should be subjected to regulation while upper layers should be exempted from it - so last mile regulated but not the backbone

- Market power is also possible in the upper layers as anti-trust cases against Microsoft and Google has demonstrated.

- Multistakeholder model important for success of Internet, but the model worked efficiently in ad hock technical organizations, a completely different effort is needed in global policy making. Multistakeholderism doesn’t guarantee by itself effective participation of all stakeholders – participatory evangelism allows people get involved but not really count in decision-making. Making views heard and count is different. Risk of capture by Internet evangelists, representatives from developed countries, of the GAC within ICANN or the private sector.

- The more active role of government is a recent trend and here to stay- Powerful role by multiple stakeholders is demonstrated by campaign launched by internet

companies and civil society against SOPA and PIPA – this also shows that would be difficult for a single government to address the broad range of concerns with today’s internet

- TI envisages evolution of current multistakeholder models words a model with variable geometry =who takes the lead in different issues i.e. standards (private sector_ issues relevant to particular communities (civil society), human rights (governments)

- This would be an evolution from current institutions, where a distinction between concepts of shared and equal responsibility should be made.  

Submission 49 – US Brazil Business Council - Multistakeholder model a success - Duplicated US Department of Commerce submission

Submission 50 – GSM Association- Represents mobile operators worldwide, nearly 800 operators with 250 companies in

broader ecosystem, who have invested over 1 trillion USD over last 6 years in building mobile Internet infrastructure

- Currently 6.97 billion mobile connections and 3.4 billion subscribers- Internet policy should encourage mobile operators to continue to invest, light tough

regulatory environment has enabled it to innovate in access through private sector investment and the roll out of infrastructure worldwide.

- Governments must not introduce global regulations or prescriptive recommendations- Proposals on internet governance should have consensus of broad multistakeholder

community including mobile industry- Decentralized development of governance supports commercial flexibility, choice and

competition – best suited to dynamic internet- Internet access should remain market driven- Governance should remain multistakeholder, but recognize some issues like privacy and

security governments have an important role to play. - Support internationalization of the Internet including ICANN and IANA – all change

including naming and numbering must be stable- Internet governance must remain multistakeholder- Legitimacy and trust in governance model must be reinforced through inclusiveness and

geographical representation- An analysis of existing multistakeholder mechanisms should be carried out to streamline

and remove duplication, current structures like IGF, IETF and ICANN should be strengthened to reflect changing nature and scope of IG

- No governance body should be seen as competition, all processes have value- IGF (including regional IGFs) should be better funded and role and influence expanded.

Submission 51 – Telefonica- The electronic communications industry has made unparalleled explosion of internet

connections and penetrations worldwide possible- Today Internet users mainly from emerging economies accessing Internet on mobile,

which should also be reflected in how the Internet is governed. - Crucial that Internet policy allows operators to provide services and encourage them to

invest in new networks and infrastructure. Competition and regularly policy that attracts investments are needed, long term broadband and comms investments needs stable and predictable regulatory regimes

- Today the level and intensity of regulation differs between various parts of the Internet chain. Sustainability of the internet will depend on level playing field for all actors across the internet value chain

- Many other principles documents – OECD, G8, European Commission – global principles should serve as global reference point, guiding light for all stakeholders – a few principles with broad consensus

- Growth of the internet is due to its model of governance - Principles

o Promote internet which is economically sustainable, interconnected, secure and able to build confidence of all users

o Protect human rights and fundamental principles like the rule of law same as offline

o Commit to collaborative and inclusive internet governance where no single stakeholder or group dominates, this includes governments in their recognized role as representative of societies for the definition of public policy on national and international level

o Acknowledge that current governance have proven stable and resilient and tech community and private sector should retain their leading roles

o Ensure that Internet governance processes are improved and defined to be fully transparent, inclusive and easily accessible and accountable for decisions.

o Especially private actors and tech entities lead and ensure the day to day management – top down multilateral agreements cannot be the most adequate for governing the fast changing internet, however, we acknowledge that the internet is has a key role in economic development of all nations.

o IG processes need to better involve public policy concerns and governments and states need to evolve accordingly

- The meeting should set out the areas where evolution of IG is deemed necessary and where there is urgency for change, distinguishing carefully between different areas and issues, as not all have the same impact on public policy, and not all need the same set of stakeholders to define a solution

- Protecting privacy and security of Internet users on the global level has a much higher public policy and governments need to have a leading role – but even with online privacy there are local and regional levels, and many nation states protect privacy already, but there is no global agreement and protection.

- Democratically elected governments are the reps of the people and therefore and important sources of democratic legitimacy – they should ensure open inclusive mechanisms exist for governance, respect human rights and make policy frameworks competitive for digital markets with fair rules for all players, safeguards increased investments and innovation

- IGF important in bringing together stakeholders- ICANN and IANA need to be globalized – appropriate process and ways to achieve that

goal as soon as possible.

Submission 52 – Austrian Ministry for Transport Innovation and technology - NetMundial should build on existing documents, from UNGA, HRC, OECD, Council of

Europe, CGI.Br and the Internet Right and Principles Coalition - Recalls WSIS documents declaration of principles and human rights in the Vienna

Declaration and the UDHR, the Tunis Commitments, Human Rights Council resolution of 5 June 2012 on promotion and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet, the GA resolution, Seoul Declaration of June 2008, OECD Principles of June 2011 and governance strategy 2012-2015 of the Council of Europe

Submission 53- Argentina Internet Association – 10 principles- Respect for freedom of individuals and human rights- Cultural diversity and plurality of belief- Democratic and cooperative governance and regulation – must be transparent and

multistakeholder- Universality of access and digital inclusion- Innovation – continuous development and advertising of new info services and

technologies- Intermediaries (ISPs) are not responsible for the activities of network users- Functionality, security and stability of the network preserved with international

standards, no one should have the ability to turn off the internet totally or partially- Interconnection – within non discriminatory conditions must be promoted

- Interoperability – open standards that enable interoperability- Juridical and standards based environments – free of blocks interruptions, censures,

interferences and surveillance.

Submission 54 – Korean Civil Society - Firmly believe IG should be based on a genuine multistakeholder model and protection of

human rights- Transparency of policy shaping process has sometimes not be ensured, and therefore

criticized. ACTA was developed in a completely non-transparent manner- Various interpretations of multistakeholder models exists – not one model fits all but we

need a consensus on principles to develop policy based on this modelo Transparency on substance and processo Inclusiveness – opportunity to participate equally, online and offlineo Accountability – implementation of policies should be evaluated regularly o Balance – opinions should be given equal status, and a mechanism preventing

capture by a dominant stakeholder needs to be institutedo Proactive – mitigate unequal power that exists among stakeholders

- Genuine multistakeholder model will need to update and revise the Tunis agenda para 34, because there is no clear method of defining stakeholders and that different types of issues will entail different stakeholders

- Roles of stakeholders defined in para 35 is not an adequate representation of actual situations. Civil society participation is not limited to the local community level but also on global issues. Civil society is defending, protecting, taking solidarity actions with, converging and sometimes representing the interests of marginalized and disadvantaged people who are end users and content generators. Civil society advocates for public interests rather than private interests, even in areas dominated by privileged private interests or big powers.

- Paragraph 35 says that public policy are the sovereign right of states, but internet transnational and this should include other stakeholders, we do acknowledge the important role of governments in setting national and global policies.

- APC Internet Rights Charter have detailed human rights provisions that need to be protected, freedom of expression elaborated on, internet postings should never be taken down or blocked without a proper decisions by a judiciary. The right to anonymity should be protected

- Privacy – the revelations in 2013 of surveillance has greatly weakened the trustworthiness of the Internet, it is necessary to establish a system that can prevent mass surveillance, the GA resolution was a huge leap forward

- Net neutrality – must be preserved- Access to Knowledge and Culture – publicly funded intellectual and cultural products

should be open for public use. - We need to reevaluate the adverse effects of artificial monopoly rights given to intellectual

and cultural products and consider establishing ad new system creative intellectual products

- Ecosystem must reflect genuine multistakeholder model- IGF should be enhanced so it produces tangible outputs

Submission 55 – Google

- Our company’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful – with no secure stable interoperable resilient and open internet, no Google.

- Site McKinsey report – Internet accounts for 21% of GDP growth in 5 years in developed counties and 30 surveyed developing countries.

- Internet at a crossroads – we must keep working together - Governance should be accountable to all stakeholders – who have contributed to the

development of the Internet to date and should continue to be involved - Google focuses on internet users first, the need for information that crosses borders and

the power of the web to empower global citizens- There is broad agreement on the high level principles, and is an ongoing process,

NetMundial should not measure its success or failure by agreement or lack thereof on a new set of universal principles. There may never be a constitutional moment for the Internet.

- Existing institutions, each with different core functions and strengths, addresses nearly all Internet policy and technical issues.

- Two challenges – must make organizations that address internet governance questions more inclusive and transparent, second we must tackle the challenge of connecting the rest of the globe

- Google pursues initiatives to improve existing governance organizations – IGF is the premier forum, the only forum that brings all stakeholders together, it is in desperate need of consistent funding,

- There has never been a single road for IG, there are multiple organization and actors, of course governments are heavily involved in regulating the Internet addressing privacy, fair use, libel, competition and other matters.

- No lack of forums, rather, overlapping missions is confusing, difficult to navigate, these concerns are valid but that do not counsel to direct all Internet policy to one body.

- Existing structures should be used, but need to develop a roadmap based on the layered model of the internet itself

o the tech layer deals with infrastructure, standards, routing protocols – o The next layer is about content and social layerso Conceptualizing the layers of the internet help decide which institutions and

stakeholder groups should be involved with which policy issues

Submission 56 – ETNO – European Telecommunications Network Operators- represents 40 largest e-communication operators- Supports development of global principles – commonly shared and agreed by all- Build on work already carried out

o Model should involve all stakeholders equallyo Transparency, inclusive accessible and accountableo Internet should be Economically sustainable, interconnected, safe, resilient and

secureo Respect for human rights such as privacy and security of paramount importance –

online rights apply as offline rightso Democratically elected governments have pubic policy role, and private sector

should lead in technical protocols

o US government oversight of IANA has been suitable to date, increasing globalization is needed. ETNO welcomed Montevideo statement which is an important topic for Brazil.

o No new barriers to growth.

Submission 57 – UNESCO- draft paper outlines comprehensive study

Submission 58 – Bulgarian Government - Supports European Commission effort to formulate common position - Internet one single unfragmented space, all resources accessible in same manner

irrespective of users location- Genuine Multistakeholder model- Tech architecture should be able to deal with the unforeseen- Confidence in internet is a prerequisite to its realizing its potential for economic growth

and innovation- Freedom of expression and respect for human rights

Submission 59 – International Centre for Free and Open Source Software- In order for the Internet to be preserved, it must ensure open standards based on free and

open source software that is owned developed and maintained by communities and available as a choice for every standard and protocol used on the Internet.

- Hear that internet must be free, but little attention is paid to software and protocols, which also help the internet ot be free.

- The need for open standards is necessary but not sufficient – every open standard must have reference implemetnations that are FOSS based and FOSS should be given preference over Proprietal systems

Submission 60 – Independent Researcher - Any transfer of IANA should be preceded by a consultation- In defining a road map for IANA – stability and security of internet highest priority,

bringing IANA under ICAN is advisable and overdue but not the ultimate goal, IANA oversight should be multistakeholder no single shareholder group should have sole oversight, no single country should have a preeminent role

- IANA should not have a policy role, oversight should focus on performance, adherence to service level agreements and MOUs, reporting requirements should be negotiated.

- Limit IANA to four activities – global apex of number resources, global apex of DNS based naming resources, management of Internet protocol parameters, maintenance of internet’s time zone database.

- US should relinquish oversight to a new interium stewardship group- IANA should become an International NGO with hosting arrangements with several

countries.

Submission 61 – UNESCO

- outlines concept for a comprehensive study led by UNESCO on Internet related issues – a study that was mandated by 195 member states in November 2013 at the UNESCO General Conference – resolution 52 of 37th General Conference after tabling of discussion

paper. After Feb 2013 review event of the WSIS, UNESCO has demonstrated it can do studies such as this

- It will cover access to information, freedom of expression, privacy, ethical dimensions and future action.

- Draft will be discussed Feb 2015

Submission 62 – Nominet – a ccTLD

- a key step in globalizing ICANN or IANA as the development of an accountable and trust in the model

- Principles should be use existing agreements - Should not seek to establish international IG principles where there is already a

framework for discussions- Principles should be at high level and should not try to solve national or regional issues

and should reflect global consensus. - Principles should not try to include things that would be more appropriately addressed

through guidelines, operational decisions, which are detailed and specific. - This may lead to limited number of high level but agreed principles, but if they are

genuinely agreed will provide a better framework than a more detailed list that is ignored. - Endorse multistakeholder engagement – a model that has underpinned rapid growth and

engagement. - Recognize need for roadmap for further evolution, and affirm Montevideo and

acceleration of globalization of ICANN and IANA functions- Notes ICANN’s affirmation of commitment with the USG – and the introduction of a

regular review process what a step forward towards increasing internationalization of the organization, but the USG does have the final say if ICANN doesn’t maintain processes of accountability

- So a clear process to ensure ICANN does meet its obligations is needed – concerned if ambiguity about the legal jurisdiction of the company, given the policy, operational and contractual functions it exercises

- Role of GAC and how it works with other parts of ICANN need to be addressed by the GAC- Role of IANA, carried out under US contract, is particular important as Nominet is a ccTLD

– our interest is the management of changes to the root zone file, an admin and tech function, however vital and managed carefully.

- We are pleased with development of current contractual arguments for IANA and welcome increased transparency introduced in a recent US ICANN contract. We also welcomed increased automation in operation of the process, allowing for autonomy in management of TLD

- Notes Tunis Agenda 63 says that countries should not be involved in decisions regarding another’s TLD, which we interpret as meaning that only the country serviced should be involved.

- There is work underway to clarify delegation and revocation of ccTLDs which might be a basis for the manager of IANA to be globally accountable

- Believes roadmap should identify and develop consensus on objectives for the community for each organization in the internet ecosystem, including the ITU and ICANN and RIRs

- Multistakeholderism is the main process for decision making- IGF generally effective, but attention for increasing engagement needed and also

improving funding model

- ICANN’s basic processes for assuring wider accountability already in place in Affirmation of Commitments – widening ownership of it and engagement in it is important.

- Massive number of contracted parties in ICANN so need better processes for reaching consensus

- For IANA, developing improved globalization of management of root zone file not trivial – ccTLDs need to be closely engaged to ensure national and global accountability.

Submission 63 – AICHTE – Latin American telecom operators – 50 companies

- Recognize current channels of discussion established – IGF, GCIG,- Respect for universal human rights – same principles online as offline- Supports all actors on equal footing – current system has brought benefits- Any changes to governance model has to take into account principles of flexibility and

agility and representation of all stakeholders- Private sector should retain leading role- Supports globalization of ICANN and IANNA with clear road map but gradual and with all

stakeholders participating on an equal footing.- No need to create a new governing body, but IGF and IETF should be strengthened and

expanded- An analysis of multistakeholder model should be carried out with a view to streamlining

and eliminating duplication - Roadmap should clarify legitimate involvement of governments, and should be an equal

player particularly in public policy issues like cybersecurity and critical infrastructure debates – the IGF should be the appropriate framework

- Recognize that on privacy and security governments have an especially important role and the GAC should be strengthened and clarified.

- Civil society involvement is warranted in areas such as civil right sand consumer issues. - Telecom operators should be involved in any discussions on their core infrastructure

Submission 64 – Commonwealth Telecommunications Organization

- has developed a Commonwealth Cyber governance model – released October 2013 and adopted on 4 March 2014 in London, on policy development, regulation and legislation, cross border collaboration, capacity building, technical measures and other operational activities.

- Cyberspace the central nervous system, pace of change necessitates urgent consensus on cybergovernance

- What is unacceptable off line is also online- Multistakeholder model affirmed – nations, organisations and society work together to

foster respect for the law etcetc. - “sufficient neutrality”- More active civil society would benefit

Submission 65 – Internet Rights and Principles Coalition - 10 rights and principles

- Presents Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Internet – released in early 2011, one of the most successful examples of the multistakeholder model

- It derives its relevance based on recognized human rights principles translated to the online environment

- It’s the most comprehensive document that exists to date on rights, but also on responsibilities, thus helping both tracks at the conference.

- As governments make law and uphold human rights, we put this charter forward as an instrument and framework for the work ahead on refining existing human rights laws and covenants for the online environment

Submission 66 – US Chamber of Commerce

- US chamber of commerce worlds largest business federation, 3 million businesses- 1976 – establishment of the US – Brazil business council, representing 100 companies

operating in Brazil. - Internet is an equalizer for business of all sizes and allows consumers, educations and

health providers to access the best of technology and share information- All depends on a governance structure that is open, transparent – current

multistakeholder model has fulfilled needs while creating decentralized structure- 5 principles

o Policies must remain bottom up, input from allo Policies must be future proof and technology neutralo Policies need to promote voluntary and industry led global system of standard

settingo Policies should facilitate stability, security, interoperability and functionalityo Policies must support the seamless flow of digital services, apps, products and

information

Submission 67 – Spanish Internet Governance Forum – 10 principles

- Multistakeholder provides more benefits than those potentially gained through states- One single and non-fragmented network – open standards that allow interoperability- Sustainable internet- business models for all players- Freedom and Human Rights – analogue principles apply online- Cybersecurity necessary to reinforce security online, particularly to protect minors- Open governance – transparent accountable governance- Empowerment of users – users should be able to participate, exercise rights- Privacy – regulatory balance through harmonized regulation- Accessibility – universal access, independent of age, building or financial circs- More active role of Europe in Internet governance – convergence and fluent decisions

within EU that allow all stakeholders a more active role.

Submission 68 – JustNet Coalition - The Internet is a global commons therefore all architecture must be designed and

safeguarded against concentration of power and control- All people must be able to shape its evolution, enjoy right to freedom of expression and

use without mass surveillance- The Internet only be used for peaceful purposes recognized in a binding instrument

- The Internet must be subject to fair taxation, be maintained as a public space, provide services as public goods, enjoy net neutrality, strict enforcement of open and public standards

- Architecture for cloud computing must not reduce user control and choices- Community owned and not for profit infrastructure encouraged- Protective discrimination and affirmative action should contribute to the right of access

and development of the internet - Personal and social data must belong to individual and groups - Governance should be grounded in the UN system, public policy lies with those who

legitimately and directly represent people- Technical issues impact society- Laws of one country should not control or constitute governance structure- Every country must have the right to connect to the Internet, no country should have the

right to disconnect another country- Rights of individual and states must be articulated and protected

Submission 69 – Spanish Government

- IG = Multistakeholderism supported, described as, “private sector led and bottom up. - Concedes that Multistakeholder framework should have active ingredients of true

accountability and transparency to be future proof- Several sets of principles already exist – but secure, open, free and unfragmented should

remain, in full respect of human rights- Inclusiveness of all regions, and sharing with those not acquainted with IG but affected

should be improved. - Rights in the analogue world apply online- While private sector initiatives should be maintained, the explosion of Internet and its

huge importance demands more involvement of governments in decision-making. Governments should work together to provide users with affordable and swift ways to assert their rights in the globalized marketplace.

- Spain supports globalization of ICANN of DNS – major challenge is to lay down procedures and timescale

- Re IANA functions, agrees with European Commission to identify ways to globalize control over IANA while safeguarding stability and security – any plan to globalize must be preceded by legal and technical analysis

- Strengthen ICANN’s GAC – states must intensify participation, enhance working methods and decision making processes, provide additional support to the GAC secretariat to promote agile working environment.

Submission 70 – Europisa – European Association of Internet Service Providers

- Represents more than 1800 companies- Global structure of internet must be preserved – structures should be improved not

replaced- Any approach aiming to find agreement or conclude a binding treaty will divide rather

than unit- We need a common understanding of internet governance, which should be narrowly

defined. A clear distinction needs to be established between governance issue because the

network and data that it carriers should be treated as entirely separate at the level of policy

- Technology can assist in implementing solutions but regulating technology is not a solution to social or political challenges.

Submission 71 - World Press Freedom Committee

- Declaration of Vienna – November 2002 provided- Called on those deliberating on new forms of communication to

o reject proposals that restrict news content or media operations, o support unqualified press freedom on the Internet, o explicitly clarify that any statement is not intended to limit press freedom, o support continuation of access and dissemination of news and information in

cyberspace without compromising the principle of net neutrality, o recognise that existing protection of journalists offline apply online.

Submission 72 - Mercatus Centre at George Mason University

- Governments lack the consent to legitimately exercise a primary role in IG.- Role of governments the most controversial in multistakeholder model. Before the

Internet, questions of global importance addressed by governments. Internet governance has occurred without the implementation of any clearly articulated role for governments.

- The fact that governments no needed raises whether other stakeholders want governments to represent them. Many are electing to represent themselves.

- It is the sovereign right of people, delegated to state as they see fit. - Government’s role should be subordinate. Governments should facilitate participation of

domestic stakeholder communities. They do not have the right to advance positions that contradict the consensus of other domestic stakeholders, because such exercises of government power do not reflect consent and are therefore illegitimate.

- If stakeholder communities want and are able to represent themselves, it follows that intergovernmental bodies never the right fora – they participate because governments do not represent their views.

- In exercising their subordinate role, governments should be held to rigorous standaards of transparency.

Submission 73 – African stakeholders

- Principleso Internet inalienable public good that enables creativity, innovation and emergence

of new economic modelso Must retain open nature, open architecture tool for eco, social, cultural and sci

advancemento Globally accepted laws and standards enable and protect human rights should

apply onlineo Access a universal right, affordable, multilingual without censorship or restraint,

respecting linguistic and cultural diversity, intellectual property, freedom of expression and privacy of personal data

o National regulation have a role to verity the quality and consistency of services to end users

o Technical management should be inclusive and multistakeholdero Critical internet resources must be governed by international law within

multistakeholder frameworko Secure internet is when rights and freedoms protected – governments must

continue to ensure security and protection of citizens under international lawo Neutrality, inclusion and access underlie all of these principles

- Roadmap ideas draw from Tunis agendao Representation must be cross sectorialo Include representatives from all geographic areas, particularly LDCso Strengthened IGF will improve quality and outcomes and increased influence on

policyo Community must commit to clearly defining the role of government and other

stakeholderso While operational and tech management is the responsibility of the private sector,

all stakeholders should have a say in how the internet evolves, develops and is governed.

Submission 74 – Mercatus Centre at George Mason University

- Participants should support continued experimentation with peer-to-peer technologies that could potentially decentralize resources in the future

- DNS is centralized and hierarchal raising questions about fairness, accountability and power

- Peer-to-peer can potentially improve name resolution security, provide censorship resistance and protect end user privacy online.

- Existing peer-to-peer decentralized name systems use pseudo TLDs that do not yet exist in the DNS (.onion, .bit, .gnu) to avoid unintended conflicts

- NetMundial could express support, in principle, for the normalization of some peer-to-peer TLDs

Submission 75 – Aspen Institute

- Attach 146 page document that elaborates principles under 3 headings, strengthen internet infrastructure and promote free trade in the ICT ecosystem, free flow of information principles, creating a trusted environment.

- Maybe this quite sums up the report, “All elements of a digital economy and society should be bought, sold, created, or experienced in a single seamless global market of goods, services, and ideas over broadband infrastructures that operate in a dynamic commercial environment.”

Submission 76 – Government of Denmark, Danish Business Authority

- Single, free, unfragmented internet, governed by genuine multistakeholder model

- Principles should be drawn from already existing documents like OECD’s Principles for Internet Policy Making

Submission 77 – Institute for communications research – 2 academics from Brazil and Germany

- Use UNESCO’s 2012 definition of Internet governance - Request support for proposals made at Bali IGF and MAG

o With regard to surveillance and monitoring – must protect citizens rights better o Finding common ground on cyber ethics that respect local cultures while

safeguarding against cyber threatso Strengthen and maintain multistakeholder spirit and mechanisms

- Internet use is a human rights, non-discriminatory, accessible to all, nutured in multistakeholder

Submission 78 – European Commission - 7 Principles

- Noted many different principles emerging from the WSIS but agrees that now a coherent set of principles will help find common ground and will be high level guidance to identify the priorities, constraints and objectives of policy and operational activities.

- The internet is a space of civil responsibilities, is one unfragmented resource governed via multistakeholder approach to promote democracy and human rights based on a sound technical architecture that engenders confidence and facilitates transparent governance.

- Principleso Internet is an ecosystem which every participant must take up social

responsibilities – common understanding both of corporate social responsibility and appropriate self and co-regulation as a compliment to regulation, always an option but negative impacts on innovation.

o Internet should remain one single unfragmented space, all resources accessible irrespective of user location or provider, including efforts to diversify the infrastructure to protect rights and address concerns raised by large-scale surveillance and intelligence activities.

o Internet discussions should be based on a strengthened multistakeholder model – this implies that the necessary intergovernmental discussions are anchored in a multistakeholder context in the full understanding that the internet is built and maintained by a variety of stakeholders, as well as governments.

o Same laws and norms apply online as offline. Some stages, quoting security concerns, attempt to curb global connectivity of their citizens by censorship and other restrictions, which is not acceptable. Blocking, slowing down or discriminating on content, applications and services goes against the open Internet.

o The technical architecture of the Internet should evolve with new and often unforeseen challenges. Technical considerations must take into account public policy considerations.

o Confidence in the internet is a prerequisite for it to realize its potential. Large scale surveillance has led to a serious threat to confidence and use. Urgent to address, the role of the tech community is crucial, including ensuing confidence in IP based communications and resilience of cryptosystems.

o Transparent inclusive balanced accountable governance – infrastructure and activities on top – the fact that a process is claimed to be multistakeholder does not guarantee that it is widely seen to be legitimate. Must fulfill requirements of transparency, inclusiveness and balance, and accountability. Public authorities derive their powers and legitimacy from democratic processes. This includes the right to intervene with regulation where required.

Submission 79 – European Commission – governance ecosystem- Broad view that multistakeholder ecosystem should continue to evolve as the working

definition of internet governance at WSIS agreed, which would continue to evolve as the internet grows

- Welcomes the meeting as a catalyzer, a milestone, in finding shared understandings, hopes community identifies risks, opportunities, work streams, relevant actors and mandates for action, including in the UN WG, the WSIS + 10 and IGF, and ITU

- To further strengthen the multistakeholder model, operational guidelines should be developed to guarantee

o Transparency, meaningful access to and information on processes – to prevent proxy activity for silent stakeholders

o Inclusiveness and Balance – reasonable effort to include parties impacted and to offer fair and affordable opportunities for all to contribute, while avoiding capture of the process by dominant stakeholders and vested interests

o Accountability – clear public commitment to give regular account to stakeholders or independent advisrory bodies, and allow parties to seek redress through dispute resolution

o Appropriate leeway for organisatons to identify a way to decline the general approach to their specific challenges and constraints

o Essential to come to a shared understanding and clear definition of the roles of actors in the processes, including public authorizes, to fuifil their responsibilities with human rights online.

o Dialogues instead of new bodies – often similar discusions take place across different orgs with overlapping people and topics. Discussion fatigue results and people can’t follow who can’t come.

o A cross cutting approach on themes rather than on the organization deemed the right organization to host

o European Commission launching the tech development of the Global Internet Policy Observatory (GIPO) as a global resource

- The Internet works well without structural oversight by international intergovernmental bodies. At the same time greater international balance within existing structures can increase the legitimacy of current governance structures

Globalise IANA functions while safeguarding stability of DNS Globalise ICANN, including its affirmation of commitments

- Important to improve the quality and format of IGF – a strengthen IGF can become an important driver of successful governance.

- Tech discussion has significant public policy implication – effective tech multistakeholder approach is about public policy too, so Tech specs need to more systematically take public policy into account.

- The Commission will convene a series of WS with experts on law, ethics, social science economics, tech and IT to develop concrete actionable recommendations on new forms of Internet-enabled norm setting

- Cross border activities pose legal challenges – many activities on internet governed by opaque complex contractual arrangements – gives rise to legal uncertainty. The Commission is launching an in-depth review of the risks of conflicts of laws and jurisdictions

Submission 80 – WC3 Brazil – 10 Principles

- Defines the web as a means to expose, reference and link. It also risks becoming a zone of disputes, closed corporate proprietary services and a means to invade privacy

- 10 principleso Web for all – its more than a tech environment, it’s a human environment, business

and opportunity to share knowledge – so open to everyone regardless of hardware, software, culture, geographic location, socioeconomic status, education level

o Web in everything – not just desktops anymore, can access remotely and in motiono Web organized by standards – standards give a universal environment –

standardized and publicly documented specs are critical for the freedom of publishing content on the web

o Accessible web – persons with visual, hearing, mobility and mental impairments, or any other disability can understand, navigate and interact online, prerequisites for the web being universal and inclusive

o Reliable web – The web is an environment that has changed the nature of social relations, and business transactions. Confidence in the web is related to freedom of speech, research and navigation, new tech standards and models need to assure privacy and safety

o Web with multiple authors and readers – it’s more than reading and research, it’s a communications tool, allowing all toe share knowledge. It isn’t a one way interaction it’s a meeting point, keep architecture open and adopt universal standards will also guarantee the web’s diversity

o Web to serve democracy – not just a gigantic document collection, it enables interaction between citizens, the community, government – it is a pillar of democratic society

o Web for socioeconomic development – e commerce and e government best practices fosters economic development, increases access to public health, education and assistance services

o Web the preserves its memory – the web is an information repository – resources must be dedicated to the preservation of the Brazilian web and its memory, all aspects of its culture.

o Web of all – universality, diversity sustained through democratic governance, pluralist model, participation of all sectors ensured.

Submission 81 – CGI.br – 4 recommendations

- Effectiveness in handling security threats depends on cooperation among different stakeholders, cybersecurity can’t be delivered via a single organization or structure

- Government needs to participate more in security forums – they should aim to leverage and improve the multistakeholder structures already in place

- Describes existing organizations dealing with threats, FIRST, CSIRTs, APWG, MAAWG, ISOC

- Describes 4 mechanisms existing at the national level in the Netherlands, Japan and two in Brasil

- Network Operator Groups and Regional Internet Registries should be more involved with security issues

- Software vendors need to become involved and more proactive – after all most of the security problems are software-related – need to get the software industry to a more mature level

- Governments need to improve their awareness of the multistakeholder nature of the internet and they need to participate more and improve cooperation

- 130 parties in the Netherlands were involved in drafting the Dutch national cyber security strategy – a good example of recognition of the importance of a multistakeholder approach to the Internet’s ecosystem’s security, stability and resilience.

- Recommendationso Experience has accumulated in successful initiatives described on cybersecurity –

can’t be achieved in a single org or structureo Stakeholders that still need to become more involved – network operators and

software developerso Governments need to improve awareness and cooperation to address security

threats and improve cooperation with other stakeholderso There is room for new forums and initiatives, but they should not replace existing

structures. A new initiative should aim to leverage and improve existing structures.

Submission 82 – ICC BASIC – International Chamber of Commerce’s initiative Business Action to Support the Information Society (BASIS) – 5 principles

- 5 principles, secure, open and interoperable network, cross border flow of data nad information, improve access, support the rule of law, protect the application of rights, continue multistakeholder model.

- Underscores strength of existing mechanisms – the model has produced the success of the Internet

- Notes CSTD mapping exercise identified more than 40 international venues, organisations and initiatives to address internet policy and tech issues

- This meeting can review and build in existing work to a) identify issues that do not appear to be addressed b) exchange information on solution mechanisms already available to address these issues, c) consider whether new mechanisms are needed.

- Risk of new mechanisms is that they draw resources and participation from already existing, or duplicate – business seeks to avoid risks to stability, functionality and interoperability,

- The structure of the IANA contract must be considered cautiously to ensure no incremental risk or instability, including root zone management must recognise and respect existing agreements

- Need clear understanding of what “globalization” should mean. Global stakeholders need to be fully engaed in developing milestone and timelines for globalization

- Business concerned at new barriers to growth of the internet as a global platform.

Submission 83 – JONCION – NGO from Senegal – 7 principles

- Emphasizes WSIS agreed text defining internet governance- All stakeholders should affirm rights – States have the right and responsibility to define

Internet public policies- Inclusive and participatory, but stakeholders should pledge to respect transparency and

their responsibility to adhere to principles- Digital citizens must be able to exercise fundamental freedoms unhindered, except by

laws- Internet universality- Security principles – all actors can trust the integrity, security and confidentiality of

communications, which will not be hindered intercepted or spied on. - Any restriction of use of the internet should be stipulated in law- Cultural diversity – supporting local content creation and promotion

Submission 84 – OECD – 12 principles

- Emphasizes multistakeholderism- Offers the text of its 12 principles established in 2011with support of 34 countries that

comprise the OECD plus Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt and Lithuania as its input Submission 85 – Verizon - 6 Principles

- Keep internet open, stable, secure, resilient, interoperable, all policies should allow for free flow of information

- Preserve multistakeholder model- Principles

o Promote pro competitive environment, reduce and eliminate unnecessary barriers to trade

o Generally rely on consumer choices, competition and multistakeholder bodies to guide the continued evolution and development of the internet

o Polices should be transparent, considered, predictable and technologically neutralo Recognize cooperation in standard setting in international, voluntary and

consensus based environmento Include all relevant stakeholderso Support human rights, especially freedom of expression and the free flow of

information on the Internet.

Submission 86 – Swiss Government

- Cites many multilateral fora is part of and then, “Not only will Switzerland hold on to the multistakeholder approach, but also invigorate it”

- Four principles – Transparency, Accountability, Participate and Human Rights- Implementation of principles will only work if all stakeholders are included and

committed to implementing

- Notes many other already existing principles to draw from Council of Europe principles and the Charter of Internet Rights and principles and OECD principles

- Notes the existence of IGF and values the “rough consensus” approach - Thinks more detailed discussion on point 35 of Tunis agenda that describes the various

roles is needed- Governments have particular role in fighting cybercrime and rule of law and protection of

rights, elsewhere – like management and allocation of infrastructure and resources, more space for letting market forces rule. All stakeholders should be accountable not to themselves but the general public.

- Need to make distinction between issues where we need binding agreements and others were a more flexible and non-binding common understanding serves the public interest.

- Concedes that the complexity of Internet and its governance ecosystem has grown to make it difficult to find their way and identify which aspects is dealt with by whom and where and how these elements play together.

- Depending on issues, different processes and decision making needed, roles of stakeholders will differ, still possible to develop common features necessary for all governance processes to make sure they produce an outcome in the public interest – inclusive, participatory bottom up, accountability and transparency, checks and balances, rule of law and rights, decentralized system

- Decisions by those in power can be challenged by those effects, minorities need to be protected from abuse of power

- Believe in competition of ideas and in economic competition – at the same time believe in equality of access to opportunities.

Submission 87 – Telecommunications Industry Association - business wish list

- Applaud efforts of organisers to stay true to the principle of multistakeholder model- Acknowledges differences in opinion about what constitutes internet governance, advises

universal, high level, technology neutral principles that focus on the network that is the internet, principles that everyone agrees on and against overly prescriptive principles

- Practical actions to facilitate growth and access to overcome digital divideo Join the WTO information Technology Agreemento Reduce tariffs on fixed and mobile telco infrastructure equipment, cables and

mobile devices and serviceso Remove local content requirementso Streamline customs procedures of ICT equipmento Strengthen intellectual property rights protectiono Adopt market based global voluntary standards rather than country specific

standards- 6 principles –

o stability/security/interoperability, o commit to multistakeholder approach and encourage openness and transparency

in tech and policy, o minimize impediments to global flow of information and delivery of online

services, apps, software and other commercial uses, o universal access, o voluntary consensus based standards,

o policies that stimulate investment while avoiding policies that distort the market and impede investment

- Urge conference organizer and participants to refrain from attempts to create a specific roadmap. But three themes

o Centrality of multistakeholder approacho Evolution of governance is a continuing dialogue among broad stakeholders at

many forao Current governance model has led to exponential growth of Internet.

Submission 88 – Internet Society 4 principles- “Internet’s successful multistakeholder model”- Cites Boston Consulting Groups March 2012 report on how internet is supporting SMEs- Cites ITU USG on internet in economy as a driver for - Notes role of internet in change in Tunisia and Egypt- 1. Expand broadband – governments should promote broadband networks- 2. Any governance model must promote the free flow of information- 3. Increase inclusiveness of all stakeholders at core of internet governance reforms- 4. Maintaining user trust - governments should recognize limitations on their ability to

collect information on Internet users that respect users privacy interests.

Submission 89 – Internet Governance Caucus 8 principles

- Emphasizing equitable regional representation and means to participate provided to LDCs in all open, inclusive, transparent Internet governance processes.

- Any change to the IANA functions and the role of the US government must involve all regions.

- Tech community should seek understanding of the societal implications of their decisions, weighing technical capability against privacy and freedom of expression.

- Human rights on and off line the same, no discrimination to access or on content, - Services must be neutral among service providers- Internet to benefit everyone, not just those enjoying richer economic development

Submission 90 – Mawaki Chango

- Inclusive, bottom up consensus, equal regional distribution, meaningful participation of LDC

- Tech design should be weighed against societal implications to minimize erosion of freedoms

- Any change in IANA and USG role should reflect inclusion of all regions, a truly global cultural diversity in approaches to technical and policy problems.

- Same human rights online as offline- No discrimination in access and content due to opinion, religions, race, gender, geography,

language or economic resources- Net neutrality among services providers without taking advantage of dominant or

privileged position - Internet must benefit all society, not just those enjoying rich economic development

Submission 91 – Placidus Ikechukwu

- Internet for all, especially LDCs where it’s role in development, promoting human rights, public policy, peace and security cannot be overemphasized.

- IGF the only forum within the UN to deal with public policies about internet governance - a very broad mandate

- Human rights of increasing interest and importance, perverse digital mediums give rise to novel legal rights, obligations and scenarios

- LDCs must also be protected online and not held to different standards- Citizens of LDCs should be able to participate in electronic communication free of fear of

surveillance, monitoring or interception or violation of privacy- Ask the Brazil meeting to formally challenge the Tunis agenda definition of stakeholder

roles by adopting an equal status principle- Numerous areas where the traditional role of the state is appropriate and necessary, such

as legislation, law enforcement in territorial jurisdictions, yet so much of the policy and services are transnational, IG must change their traditional role and give all stakeholders the same status in the formulation of policy, encouraging government participation from LDCs

Submission 92 – MOFA Argentina – 14 Principles

- 1-3 Full respect for human rights, freedom of expression, privacy and protection of personal data, avoiding surveillance and collection of personal data in an arbitrary way

- 4 - Respect the rights of consumers and users, enhance consumer protection online, - 5 - Internet governance on democratic and multistakeholder process with special

attention given to the role of governments and the need to increase their participation - Promote greater transparency- Promote an information society based on sharing, preserving stability of the internet - Promote the right to internet as a techno cultural tool to enhance personal and social

development- Fair and equitable access, special emphasis on vulnerable people, women girls, seniors - Respect cultural and language diversity, sharing content in the preferred language- Net neutrality avoiding filtering and traffic restrictions - Promote responsible use of the Internet, based on education and prevention of

vulnerabilities and attacks- Balanced geographical representation and gender balance in internet governance - Promote cooperation on dissemination of information about security and good practices

Submission 93 – Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation

- Abuja Declaration of Proposed Commonwealth Cybergovernance model of 9 October 2013- Principles drafted during Commonwealth ICT Ministers Forum 3-4 March 2014 – designed

to guide Commonwealth members to plan, develop policy, regulate, collaborate across borders, build capacity, technical measures

- Cyberspace is our global central nervous system – pace of growth necessitates urgent action in reaction consensus on governance

- Open, decentralized, distributed, empowers individuals, fosters innovation, collaboration and rapid development. But also a vehicle for crime, extremism.

- Governments, industry and civil society have a shared responsibility to tackle threats- Recognizes the role of civil society in supporting goals and values of the Clth - Principles – based on what is unacceptable offline is unacceptable online

o Multistakeholder partnerships, a collective creation, collaborative, transparency, with “sufficient neutrality”, standardization to achieve interoperability, enabling all to participate with equal opportunity of universal access in an open, distributed and interconnected internet, safe for users particularly the young and vulnerable, available at an affordable price.

o Our actions in cyberspace support broader economic and social development, enabling innovation, respecting cultural and linguistic diversity, promoting cross border delivery of services, allowing free association across borders, supporting digital literacy providing information, enabling multistakeholder partnerships,

o we act individually and collectively to tackle cybercrime o We each exercise right and meet responsibilities in cyberspace – defending human

rights values, freedom of expression, privacy, access to knowledge, intellectual property protection, responsibility and liability for information lies with those who create it, protect the vulnerable, understand the consequences of our actions, cooperate to make environment safe, our obligation is in direct proportion to culpability and capability.

Submission 94 – MOFA Argentina – governance

- Strengthen the Internet ecosystem through increasing participation of all stakeholders from all regions, including governments and taking gender balance into account

- A new development in IG should strengthen existing structures based on multistakeholder model – valuing all stakeholders in their roles

- IG is more than the allocation of domain names and IP addresses – it includes public policy, the responsibility of states – inalienable right

- IG must evolve to more balance and guarantees participation of all, particularly LDCs- Governments play a critical role and must increase their participation to play their role in

public policy- Internationalization of ICAN after deep revision of the current structure, active

representation from all regions and actors, including governments and gender on the ICAN board, the Security and Stability Advisor Committee (SSAC) and the Generic Names and Supporting organization (GNSO)

- The GAC should promote the participation of as many countries as possible, esp Development countries, promote rotation of all regions of chair and vice chair role, creating five vice chairs from each region, elected by consensus

- Strengthen IANA and RIRs through participation including governments, universities, civil society, promote participation of experts ISOC and IETF, gender balance in board of directors and leadership positions

- IGF – strengthen it as the main global forum where IG is debated, strengthen participation from developing countries.

Submission 95 - DiploFoundation

- Promotes capacity development and e-participation in a legitimate and effective IG system

- Close the gap to ensure genuine multistakeholderism for meaningful participation, facilitate policy socialization to acquire skills in an environment that is diverse professionally and culturally.

- Online participation should be a standard part of even design, infrastructure specification

Submission 96 – Ministry of Science & Technology, government of Trinidad and Tobago

- Effective participation of small country actors and SIDS- WSIS underscored promise of development through ICTs and make special mention of

SIDS- Multistakeholder model founded on clear rules is a key to free internet - The policy authority of the sates is recognized and required- Foundation of Internet economies of vital interest to SIDS as they are susceptible to being

more vulnerable to globalization and liberalization of trade. - Acute dearth of capacity to engage in multistakeholder processes for small countries –

both state and non-state actors – the duration and duplication of agendas of meetings puts meaningful participation and exchanges from small country actors under stress.

- Meaningful action should be made to include SIDS in future formulae for multistakeholder governance

Submission 97 – Orange Group- 236 customers worldwide in 32 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and 41 b

euros revenues in 2013, provides IT and telecommunication services to multinational companies

- Supports high level principles to restore trust and confidence – not internet regulation- Principle of IG based on multistakeholderism all on an equal footing in democratic,

transparent and open. - Same respect for human rights online and offline- IG needs wider geographic representativeness, particularly from developing countries –

all stakeholders- Calls for review of multistakeholder model – identifying when and where various

stakeholders should be included – to clarify roles and identify overlaps, define the legitimate involvement of governments

- Orange recognizes governments are instrumental in high impact policy issues such as cybersecurity, privacy, child protection, IP

- IG must be transparent and decision makers accountable and operators role should be taken into account when discussions affect infrastructure

- Globalization of ICANN including the IANA function should continue- IANA function should continue as part of ICANN without any contractual relationship or

stewardship with a single government or government only structure- The AoC should evolve an agreement between ICANN and the ICANN community of

stakeholders, including governments through GAC

Submission 98 – Avri Doria – Independent Researcher

- Principles - No stakeholder group should define the roles, responsibilities of another group, nor should stakeholders have the power to define their own role and responsibilities in isolation of others

- Roles are not so simple – breaking down groups is more complex and are different depending on the issue – stakeholders are not necessarily fixed or for very long. Civil society breaks into groups like ‘rights advocate, aid worker, NGO staff or philanthropy, within these groups, librarian and media look for where they belong.

- The terms Civil Society or Private Sector don’t easily cover it – technical community can be either private, civil society or both.

- Similarly governments are bureaucrats and representatives, regulators, legislators, jurists, military, intelligence, data protection officers, civil servants.

- How to break down depends on the task being discussed – those who help develop an internet protocol are different to those establishing roles and responsibilities for implementing human rights, although government actors have a special responsibility for human rights, without having the primary role for internet policy.

- We cannot change the WSIS documents, they are part of history but we can rethink and refine.

Submission 99 – World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA)

- WITSA represents the global ICT sector- IG must enhance speed, capacity, reach, access and interoperability, standardization of the

internet – these are the rationales of IG and must underlie any future roadmap- Single global internet – not multiple national versions – must be preserved, extended and

enhanced- Multistakeholder model is effective in setting goals and identifying issues, without

politicization it can evolve with technology- National action and cross jurisdictional cooperation necessary to protect privacy,

standardize data protection regimes, strengthen the rule of law, enforce penalties for violations, maintain trust and confidence

- Change must be undertaken carefully to avoid weakening legitimate investigations- Merit to globalizing IANA but this must be considered in multistakeholder framework,

transparent and open discussion. ICANN must remain accountable to all stakeholders during this process

- No support for proposals suggesting unilateral or regional data localization – adverse economic and social effects, fundamentally regressive and inappropriate remedies.

Submission 100 – Microsoft

- Multistakeholder has proven effective, should continue to evolve as the internet evolves- Ensure internet is single, global, interoperable - Putting people first includes 600,000 partners, our commitment in R&D has generated

millions of jobs, Microsoft works to democratize computing by making IT more affordable and accessible.

- This meeting a vital opportunity to advance multistakeholder model. - Many principles already exist, the meeting should focus on a few high level principles

everyone can agree on – believe the following are essentialo Access to the benefits of the internet – accelerate access, investment in

infrastructure to make it a realityo Policy making by governments should be open and inclusive of all stakeholders

o Tech engineering standards continue voluntary, open, all stakeholderso Transparent multistakeholder approach strengthened, including by inter-

governmental organizationso Human rights online and offline – all stakeholders should work together to realize

- Internet is complex, tech, political and social – so numerous multistakeholder orgs- Important role of IGF noted – urge all to support and improve it

Submission 101 – Panel on Global Internet Cooperation and Governance Mechanisms

- Panel expects a full report in May 2014- The Internet is an ecosystem of complementary technical institutions but as it grows the

tensions with an international patchwork of social and legal norms, requiring structured mechanisms of cooperation to handle the issues become apparent.

- Some stakeholders and governments from LDC find it difficult to determine where to turn to address their issues within IG and they feel marginalized in IG

- Principles – Unified, Dynamic, Inclusive, Diverse, Equitable, Dynamic, Local, Stewardship, Low Barriers to leverage the internet for development, Human rights, Accountable

- Roadmap must address three complimentary challenges o Institutions must globalize their participation and structureso Accessible and collaborative mechanisms are needed to build on successful

ecosystem of technical governance o Capacities should be broadened and developed across all stakeholders across all

levels (regional, global, national, local) so internet can be addressed in a distributed collaborative and dynamic internet ecosystem

o As billions of users are added, risk of exacerbating existing differences in social and legal norms – must accept diversity as an opportunity for enrichment

- A new mechanism is needed to map issues and where they are appropriately addressed- New localized mechanisms are needed – not all IG is at the global level – national and

regional must emerge- ICANN needs to globalize, can now move beyond the US governments stewardship,

through multistakeholder model- Strengthen online and offline forums and dialogues- Expert communities are needed to inform and support IG through knowledge sharing,

each should be organic with minimal organizational mechanism, often online can deliver- Tools of empowerment and development are needed, toolkits strengthen participation,

training vital to support growing network

Submission 102 - Mozilla

- 5 principles – Do no harm, openness, innovation, opportunity and competence- IG a four phased arc and functionality separating structures across these phases are

helpful to balance broad inclusiono Goal identification o Policy Development o Decision Makingo Dispute resolution

- Putting IG principles into practice o IG issues are incredibly broad – some suit top down, others suit bottom upo Normative tensions – different stakeholders seek to advance different normso Multiple forums – not single institution can handle all the diversity

Submission 103 - Cisco

- Decentralized and multistakeholder – success of the internet not an accident, but due to this

- The Internet is for everyone and for the betterment of everyone- Policies must be transparent and multistakeholder mechanisms to ensure all participate

meaningfully- Network security increases trust, also in internet infrastructure to connect in privacy- Politics that allow for free flow of data, services, applications, information- Tech means should be managed by tech experts- Policies must stimulate sustainable investment support capacity and inclusion of those

not yet inside IG processes, particularly from developing countries.

Submission 104 – Internet Infrastructure Coalition USA

- Participation in institutions created by the internet community are not only a civic duty but an economic necessity for businesses

- Internet works best when specialized groups are involved and allow individual groups to focus on their knowledge specializations

- Governments have a role as equals but should not have veto power- Businesses provide support for the internet and are fundamental to its success, economic

principle govern business decisions, an environment for investment will facilitate internet development

- Danger IG will become overly politicized if entities focus beyond their remit- Vast majority of internet infrastructure owned or operated by private entities- Development of the network should continue to be done by end users, not mandated by

governments or intergovernmental entities – for most US providers over 50% of their business comes from outside the US, as that business grows a presence is established to be closer to customers. Because of the investment involves, development cannot be forced, it will only come when Internet businesses grow, making infrastructure viable.

- IG is at an inflection point, we see increasing calls for change, calls for a top down regulatory approach in which governments or quasi-government entities dictate rules, which would exclude i2coalition and its members

- Rapid pace of change favors the multistakeholder model. - Governments should not mandate that all or some content remain in particular

jurisdictions – the internet has thrived on one-to-many environment – data localization requirements and content controls are solutions seeking a problem

- Those creating content should bear the responsibility for its creation and dissemination- IG processes are complicated and opaque to new entrants. Corporatized communications

may not be necessary or nimble enough, remote participation often difficult than in-person experiences

- Meetings and gatherings must not be hierarchical or complicated – should offer newcomer sessions

- Specialization of entities has been the key to IG success – we can continue to rely, new models are not necessary - don’t create new but help users, particularly new users to participate

Submission 105 - Intel

- Intel around since 1968 making chips- Cites UNGA resolution 68/198 on closing the digital divide – this should guide the

meeting, as should a do no harm principle to vibrant competitive markets, services and ideas.

- The meeting should also stay focused on high level principles and concepts – organization specific proposals should be remanded to specific organizations

- It must reflect a true consensus- Existing principles noted – focus on two

o Commitment to multistakeholder approacho Open internet

- Data security not a question of server location but standardized and harmonized security tech, policies and practice

- Support announcement to lay cable between Europe and South Africa- Role of governments – unquestionably the issue dominating global discussion – the

internet requires rule of law to flourish, Article 69 Tunis Agenda- Intergovernmental organizations poorly structured to address technical and operational

aspects of Internet, current system allows decisions to be made based on technical or market merit. Also allows speed and flexibility needed to address cyber security attacks and threats.

Submission 106 – Kuwait Information Technology Society

- Internet has an increased role in daily life, impacts economic and social conditions, users are growing but need improved access

- Need definition of IG – the only working definition is para 34 Tunis agenda- The issue so sovereignty and national jurisdiction – where or how they are applied need

to be addressed- IG principles should not be discussed in reaction to incidents – but in terms of the

evolution of the internet - Different regions and stakeholders from different cultures and societies have different

concerns and priorities. Different principles should be able to be developed while preserving civil rights to an acceptable level.

- Global principles need to come from balanced global representation, the Brazilian CGI.br principles are one model but related to the national priorities.

- UDHR and the Covenants, The Geneva Declaration of Principles and the Tunis Agenda should be the basis of globally adopted principles.

- IG is multistakeholder in nature- The internet should be regarded as a global good- Same rights online as offline – the issue of sovereignty should be addressed- Equitable, just open access for people with disabilities, living remotely, all entitled to same

access- Freedom of expression

- Net neutrality should be preserved - IP should be well respected- Privacy and data protection should be in accordance with civil rights and state sovereignty

– instruments to protect against violation should be established. - Cultural and linguistic diversity – tools to foster local content should be promoted and

encouraged. - Day to say tech ops of the internet are privately led effort independent from any single

government - Any process related to evolution of IG should be multistakeholder- IGF has proved effective but format should be reconsidered- Internet is a public good – the ecosystem, including critical internet resources, root

servers, domain names and addresses require model that is fair, based on existing organizations rather than establishing new legal structure s or umbrella

- Globalize IANA and ICANN

Submission 107 – Centro de Estudos de Midia Alternative

- Principles include freedom, privacy and human rights, democratic and collaborative governance, universality, diversity, innovation, neutrality of the network , unaccountability of the network – i.e. those responsible for actions are liable, not the network , functionality, security and stability, standardization and interoperability, legal and regulatory environments

- Multistakeholder – cites success of Brazilian model- Lobbies in Brazil are trying to change the Marco Civil to break net neutrality, despite the

Marco Civil being a creation of deep consultation and thousands of people. Lobbyists have spoken to Deputies and have changed the Marco Civil – civil society is fighting this and cannot stress the importance of civil society enough.

Submission 108 - IEEE Standards Association

- IEEE is a globally recognized standard setting organization supports Multistakeholder model

Submission 109 – International Geo Critica and Association of professors of Rio de Janiero state Uni

- The exhaustion of the current IG model is an indisputable fact – loss of trust is because word and deed to not match.

- Another concern is control by large telecommunications monopolies through privatization of IG, desiring to compromise net neutrality.

- The internet as commons and public good is under threat- Principles of human rights and commitment to protect sovereignty and a multilateral

decentralized governance that can combat the economic interests of some business monopolies.

- Mechanisms are needed to prevent illegal practices of surveillance and espionage of military and private industries in cyberspace

Submission 110 – MOFA Argentina

- principles – full respect for human rights, freedom of expression and privacy and the protection of data, avoiding surveillance and collection of personal data arbitrarily out outside of due process

- Respect rights of consumers, users, enhance consumer protection online - Democratic and multistakeholder governance, all views representative, special attention

to governments- Greater transparency in IG- Promote information society, and the right to Internet as a techno cultural tool to enhance

development at all levels- Promote fair and equitable access for all, special emphasis on women, vulnerable people,

women and seniors.- Respect culture and language diversity, preferred language content- Neutral network- Responsible use of internet based on awareness- Promote geographic representation of all regions in IG, gender balance - Promote cooperation to improve the collection and dissemination of information on

security- IG evolution will strengthen existing structures based on multistakeholder model, where

equal representation, including governments, from all region and gender balance- Argentina supports multistakeholder model – but IG is more than allocation of domain

names and IP addresses – it’s about public policy as per Para 58 of Tunis agenda – which states the public policy aspects rests with states and is an inalienable right.

- Current ecosystem must evolve towards a more balanced model guaranteeing participation of all, particularly LDCs.

- Governments play a critical role in IG and efforts must be made to increase their participation in decision-making and debates. Argentina recognizes need for greater operation to enable governments on an equal footing to play their role.

- Promote internationalization of ICANN through revision of current structures – all regions and actors, including governments on an equal footing and gender balance – all advisory committee sand supporting organizations should consider these.

- GAC, rotate regions in the GAC chair, create 5 permanent vice chairs, one from each region- Strengthen IANA through participation of representatives of all stakeholders. - Strengthen IGF

Submission 111 – Mexican government Secretaria de Communicaciones y Transportes

- adoption of ICT positively impacts GDP growth, job creation, productivity innovation, quality of life, equality, transparency and efficiency. It has changed the way people communicate, do business, work and study.

- In Mexico, recent amendments approved by the Congress establish that the state will guarantee the right of access to ICT, as well as broadcasting and telecoms access, including broadband and Internet access for all Mexican citizens.

- 12 principles – o Protection of human rights,

o Non discriminatory and inclusive access, right to public information, open data, data protection and freedom of expression

o Promote effective competition in telecoms and ICT and promote anti-trust policieso Guarantee equal access to information, education and opportunity in the digital

worldo Telcos, including broadband and internet, a public serviceo Social responsibility of the public, social and private sectors in using the Internet

for economic and social developmento Multistakeholder participation – all parties on an equal basiso Protect consumers, promote trust and encourage users to organize for a better care

of their interesto Promote innovation on internet infrastructure through public policies, o Governments have special role in national security and critical infrastructure

stability so should participate actively in multistakeholder processeso WSIS principles are good basis for new global principles

- IG improvementso IGF main forum where all stakeholders participate – similar efforts at regional level

– UN should renew mandate for 10 years and the Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG)

o Continue to comply with UN monitoring of emerging issueso ICANN and its IANA function should evolve to be an international organization

under suitable multistakeholder model – avoiding control by any particular stakeholder and relying on existing structures rather than creating a new governance body or multilateral body.

o All stakeholders should increase accountability and transparency – new voices through fellowships to engineers and policy makers from developing world to attend, make all documents available at no cost

o International orgs and governments should enhance cooperation to mitigate use of internet contrary to economic and social development.

o Tech community and international organizations should improve their collaboration and cooperation and agree on Internet Governance Principles defined by the technical community = open and inclusive participation, consensus based, permission-less innovation, collective stewardship and empowerment, transparency, pragmatic and evidence based, voluntary adoption.

  Submission 112 - East West Institute, India

- Existing multilateral and multistakeholder institutions must be strengthened and legitimacy enhanced – in some areas new institutions may be needed

- If these three concerns are not addressed there will be a splinternet – and they cannot be managed separately

o Trade protection and anger about surveillance create political pressures for localization

o A cyber arms race threatens stability, as does cyber attacks and crimeso National and international cyberspace governance is weak, slow, isolated or non-

existent

- Need to o Promote trade in secure products and services, encourage limits on cyber

surveillance to enhance privacy and human rightso Promote measures of restraint in cyber weapons development and deploymento Support design and testing of transparent, accountable, orderly, inclusive, agile and

effectively managed governance. Existing multilateral and multistakeholder institutions need to be strengthened. New institutes may be needed in some areas.

Submission 113 – Internet Society of Australia

- inclusive internet must include people with disability in addition to diversity of language, culture and economic levels. There are 1 billion people with disability and 80% in developing countries.

- Over 100 governments have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which includes obligations to design, develop and produce accessible ICTs.

- Accessibility for people with disabilities also incudes affordability, cultural discrimination, availability in isolated areas, lack of awareness of community at large

- Explicitly including people with disability if necessary

Submission 114 – Japan Internet Services Providers Association

- Supports multistakeholder approach to promote progress- IG should be open to all interested now and in the future- Transparent, accountable, inclusive and meaningful – all have the right to know and

understand and to oversee decisions that reflect opinions - Respect for human rights – Freedom of communication is a fundamental right- Respect for diversity, gender balance, locality, religion- gTLD will be a chance for non-English community to use its own language- Agree with spirit of Montevideo statement – more participation is needed, involve more

stakeholders through oversight and policy development framework on IANA functions, suggest setting up of working groups to come up with alternative for consideration at the IGF 2015 process.

- Outreach of IG should be expanded ot marginal people and communities- Local and global best practices should be shared- Not only financial but human support needed for capacity building to achieve

comprehensive engagement on IG

Submission 115 – FaceBook

- Existing and future value of the Internet lies in its open and unfragmented nature, preserving this environment is foundational to IG.

- Sites Deloitte Feb 2014 report on Value of Connectivity to make point that 1 in 3 have access only. Fundamental well being of global population relies on access

- Can build trust and participation by building on current models that have served us well but can be made more effective and representative. Support

o Bolstering transparency and accountabilityo Capacity building so communities can engage

o Reach out to underrepresented- Any work to modify current architecture of the Internet should be cautious, consultative

and operate through multistakeholder process – avoid sacrificing quality to speed. - Principles

o Free and open interneto Continuing free flow of information as critical for innovationo Expand access to broadband so all can contribute to the knowledge economyo Combat efforts to impose physical tech barriers on informationo Working to Decrease economic barriers to connectivity o Commit to multistakeholder approacho Commit to transparent governanceo Assure security, stability and resilience of Internet.

Submission 116 – Deutchse Telecom

- Recent European Internet Governance Forum in Berlin reveals two major concerns – how to reestablish trust and enforce the rule of law in the Internet

- Security, data protection and privacy are crucial, reaching a consensus a step towards enhanced trust in the digital world.

- Internet would not exist without constant efforts of network operators to build and modernize infrastructure - this seems to be taken for granted.

- Access to data is linked with economic viability of business models- Current internet economy characterized by significant asymmetries between those

building the infrastructure and those making extensive commercial use of it without appropriate and proportionate financial contribution.

- Where global issues at stake, welcome internationalization of IG system; globalization of the Internet needs to be reflected in appropriate mechanisms and institutional settings in a balanced way for all who share this global resource

- Principles may includeo Preserving value of internet for democratization of societies and protecting human

rights also in the online worldo Ensuring freedom of global communications and access to informationo Reinforcing well established principle of secrecy of communicationo Establishing high and effective level of protection of personal datao Decrease unnecessary and burdensome centralization by introducing principle of

subsidiarity to prevent illegal collection of data and to restore trusto Ensure high level protection against cyber attacks and crimeo Ensure sustainability of continued investments and innovation

- Brazil meeting could foster ongoing process of internationalizing ICANN and IANA, how to best globalize functions while safeguarding stability of domain name system, timeline,

- Support multistakeholder model but room for improvement regarding transparency and legitimacy based on representative participation, we need basic rules, an example might be the evolution of trade law under GATT regime.

Submission 117 – institute for InfoSocionmics, Japan

- Support multistakeholder approach,

- All levels of governance should be open and inclusive – open to all- Transparency includes decision-making being easy to understand, processes clearly

documented and agreed procedures. Decisions should reflect how inputs are taken into account; full disclosure of activities, including financial records, checks and balances should exist and processes for challenging decisions.

- Human rights equal online and offline- Cultural linguistic and social diversity - Domain name and IP addresses require some kind of monopolistic management to keep

them unique, however, healthy competition part of modern society and economy – so measure to safeguard public interest and to prevent discriminator behaviour of the monopolies must be implemented at all levels, with oversight.  

Submission 118 – Free and Open Source Software Foundation

- Widespread recognition finally that centrally controlled bodies pose a threat – decentralizing ICANN and IANA important milestones but are a small part of bigger problem which is that more and more communication platforms are centralized.

- In a network decentralized on lower protocol levels there are services being run that are centralized at higher levels. Running on a network based on open standards are closed services

- If we recognize the danger of centrally-controlled DNS, we should surely recognize the dangers of closed services running on an open standards based network.

- The centralization is harder to perceive as dangers as its not being actively supported by any state so falls under radar.

- Most visible example is Facebook 1 billion users in a centrally walled garden, while offering an API to developers wiling to tap into its authentication service. Some services offer FB as the only option, some commenting systems use FB, require Facebook to participation in discussions, which does not allow anonymous comments.

- Similarly Google forcing Google+ on YouTube users. Google Search is used as default. - These are becoming defacto public infrastructure – an immense number of services rely

and require them to work. - These practices

o hurt resilience – a single point of failure makes us vulnerable. o hurt independence – have to agree with their terms of service. o Hurt openness – Google and twitter can shut off certain applications. o Hurt transparency - Use it or lose it control does not give incentives to be

transparent about protocols o Hurt predictability – these actors main game is to maximize profits, highly

unpredictableo Hurt interoperability – strong incentives to shut off interoperability attempts.o Hurt innovation – closed off and centralized infrastructure easy to surveil and

censor. - When does a private service become de facto public infrastructure? This question

remains unanswered – no IG body can reply to it authoritatively. But we all need an answer what should be done about private services that have become de facto public infrastructure. Do we treat them as a monopoly and break them up, require interoperable API for implementers?

Submission 199 - CIPIT

- The term Internet governance can set off alarm bells as some see this as nation states seeking to take away the internet

- Notes President Dilma’s UNGA speech addressed the creation of a multilateral mechanism- bypassing the US in a new internet architecture would interfere with the universality of

the internet as we now it today. - We can avoid fragmentation by preserving the idea of the Internet thriving through every

node being able to communicate with the other. - Africa Union in the final stages of drafting the African Union Cybersecurity Convention

Submission 120 – ISOC

- Technical viability of the global internet can be preserved if discussions lead to consensus that preserve essential principles operating since the inception of the internet – open and inclusive processes for developing protocols and standards, impartial stewardship of naming and addressing and decentralized cooperation and collaboration of the network operators.

- Tech community = individuals and organizations that understand the internet as complex interaction of technology, standards, implementation, operation and application

- The tech community shares a common culture grounded in clear understanding of the unique tech characteristics of the Internet.

- Early tech and architecture choices that created the Internet remain essential and run on minimal central authority.

- Tech community is an indispensable stakeholder- IG must have principles about being open and inclusive participation, consensus based,

permission-less innovation, collective stewardship, transparent, pragmatic and evidence based approach, voluntary adoption.

Submission 121 – Government of Iran, Cyber Space National Centre

- Two days can’t expect action or engagement on solutions for specific topics like security, privacy, surveillance, but principles and framework for addressing globalizing current institutions and addressing emerging governance topics. Final declaration should be concrete and practical and include next steps

- One key issue is the role of governments – governments complain of being confused, not knowing heir way around the internet ecosystem

- There is a need for something new – options are continued evolution of current mechanisms or an entirely new framework or institution or clearinghouse.

- Need to maintain coherence and harmonization of activities currently underway, otherwise overlap and duplication will occur

- Root zones one of the most controversial – the possibility of removing a countries domains by deleting them from the Internet inspires criticism of US key role in managing root names.

- Root zones are a global infrastructure that should be managed by an international organization

- Need to balance Internet functionality with legitimacy.

- Human rights issues are hotly relevant for the Internet business model – freedom of expression and privacy/data protection – both directly affect Internet industry’s revenues, the more data shared on the Internet, the higher the revenue.

- IG should continue using Multistakeholder approach but the model should be studied discussed and agreed upon. Governments are not advisors only but should be fully recognized.

- Policy making should be separate from day to day functioning and accountability addressed through properly defined view of which separated aspects of policy to enhance clarity.

- International nature of governance, with all stakeholders should be recognized so that no single government retains legacy or domination

-  Clearly define ICANN’s new function and structure, remove single government role - Define meaning of equal footing, - Agree on the need to internationalize IG- Agree on the multistakeholder approach and define constituencies, criteria and distinction

between policy making and implementation, role for governments, scope and nature of accountability, oversight bodies

- There is a difference between forum functions and oversight bodies. - Agree that there is a difference between evolution and use – evolution is technical, use is

public policy.

Submission 122 – Avri Doria – Independent Researcher

- Accountability of multistakeholder governance requires oversight – not just government oversight – with appeals process. IETC processes are not cordial

- The ICANN – US Department of Commerce Affirmation of Commitments includes a new bottom up oversight - Accountability and Transparency Review Team – ATRT2 – by and large accepted by community. 2nd cycle underway, report under review until 15 March by Board, obligation to accept and implement recommendations seriously – required if a bottom up approach is to actually work. Complete reviews need access to all information and data – ICANN not so forthcoming. Some progress made since ATRT1, ATRT3 will review changes

- IETF offers strong appeals mechanism; ICANN has a weak appeals process and has no provision for removing board members.

- Bottom up reviews are new but evolving.

Submission 123 - ISOC

- Openness a core principle, for cooperation among standard organisations, adherence to due process, achieving consensus, transparency and balance, commitment to technical merit, interoperability, competition, innovation, availability of standards to all, and voluntary adoption.

- Underlying all of these principles is the value of openness – it has allowed for technical, economic and political dimensions to come closer together

Submission 124 – ISOC

- 2012 OpenStand principles grew from collective experience of standardization from IAB, IEEE, ISOC, IETF and W3C – since then hundreds have endorsed

Submission 125 – Knowledge Commons

- Principles and governance structure are required to address o the monopolization and commodification of information and knowledge; o abusive use of personal data - in particular its unchecked monetization, o the erosion of cultural diversity, o the concentration of power in the hands of one state and technical decisions that

lead to social injustice. - There is an urgent need to create a legitimate, representative, transparent and equitable

framework for governance that can establish appropriate legal / regulatory systems to ensure a reformed and internationalized Internet.

- The Internet should be viewed as a global commons rather than merely a market place and should never be a theatre of war.

- Drag net surveillance, economic espionage and network sabotage are not legitimate activities and should be explicitly outlawed.

- Competition law, consumer law and open interoperability standards need to apply to online markets.

- Unregulated, non-transparent and disproportionate state controls that conduct mass surveillance of citizens violates freedom of speech and other fundamental human rights must be outlawed.

- The information that companies can collect, store and use on users must be restricted. - Digital colonialism, the ability of some cultures and language dominant on the Internet to

influence how culture activities and projects evolve, must be recognized and addressed. - The best way to preserve a global Internet is through formulating appropriate global

mechanisms, principles and rules that will underpin its governance. - There is an urgent need for a multilateral framework to be entered into that affirms,

guarantees and protects the principles referred to previously. - The multistakeholder model is current vaguely defined and applies arbitrary modalities

which must be clarified through guidelines that ensure equitable representation and prevent conflicts of interest and corporate capture.

- Certain public policy functions in the context of the Internet governance that can only be dealt with through a multilateral framework.

Submission 126 – PIR Centre

- IG needs greater contribution from Russia, Brazil and all of the BRICS states- The IGF needs a permanent secretariat mechanism – BRICS could support proposal and

offer to host. Key goals should be to elaborate principles of IG- A UN convention should enshrine the elaboration of global internet principles – we don’t

need declarations and postulations but binding law – tho it shouldn’t go beyond universally acknowledged principles – could be a loose analogue to the Outer Space Treaty.

- A multistakeholder technical research initiative is needed to determine whether government e-surveillance is a bug or feature of internet architecture – massive e-

surveillance is a direct consequence of systemic malfunctioning of the internet architecture – has implications for technical backbones, the work of basic protocols.

- An educational program on IG in BRICS states and other developing countries to raise awareness about decisions in IG – BRICS needs its own Expert Council on Technical issues to bridge with IETC, IAB, ISOC

- Internet users in BRICS states is 700 million or 30% of the world’s internet- 2013 BRICs = 500 bn, will double by 2015- BRICS underrepresented and passive in IG – disproportionately small degree of

participation

Submission 127 - Pir Centre

- Same as 126

Submission 128 - ISOC

- Diverse players shaped the internet which continues to evolve- ISOC encourages all stakeholders to become involved n policy and standardization- Their paper describes the various entities –

o the technical standards bodies, o the organizations that manage naming and addressing, o the companies that provide network infrastructure such as DNS providers,

network operators, o cloud and delivery network providers and the o Internet Exchange points o Individual and orgs that use the interneto Organizations that provide education and capacity building for using the internet

such as multilateral organizations, educational institutions and government agencies.

Submission 129 - COAI

- Internet in India has grown over last 3 years from 100 – 200 million users – expected to be 243 by June 2014. India expected to overtake the US

- Mobile internet game changer – by 2020 National Telecom Policy predicts 600 million, implies adding 7 million broadband connections each month from now.

- Multistakeholder and Multilateral diametrically opposite views on IG – choice is between state control or a more democratic set up. With Internet being enhanced by private investment and individual demand, important to safeguard civil society and business interests to enable sustained investment interest

- Internet architecture traditionally controlled by the US, demand for more democratic set up started in the 2000s – Tunis agenda laid out terms of debate and included the need for a multistakeholder model – India’s 2011 multilateral proposal has been criticized by governments and civil society

- COAI represents largest industry association in India, serves 800 million mobiles subscribers

- The principles that shape the internet impact development of tech but also realization of rights, social equity and interdependence, cultural concerns and social and economic development –IG should be people centered and development oriented, support openness and connectivity

- IG needs to ensure difficult trade offs between competing interests, as well as distinct public values are managed in a consistent, transparent and accountable manner. 

Submission 130 - BRASSCOM – Brazlian Association of Information Technology and Communication

- Current debate about information security and data privacy is important – paramount importance to ensure inviolability of citizens data and also businesses and nations

- The inviolability of the secrecy of correspondence, data communications and privacy must be fully complied with except in cases provided by law and under judicial determination

- Free flow of information preserved- Access to all information assured, unless illegal content- Guarantee right to freely contract services on the WWW- These principles will be ensured with appropriate legal instruments, may include bilateral

and multilateral agreements, robust tech solutions for network security and systems architecture.

- Brazil is a global provider of IT services and can play a strategic role, as it is one of 5 major centres of tech excellence.

- Participatory model of governance including all actors.

Submission 131 – Department of Foreign Affairs, Canada

- Acknowledges previously established principles to help find common ground but this meeting should focus on high level, drawn from previous articulations and reflect a consensus within community

o Promotes human rights – some offline and onlineo Universality of accesso Rule of law applies – international law and traditional norms of behaviour that

govern state relationso Inclusive multistakeholdero One interneto Innovation and economic growtho Promote security so users have trust and confidence that they are safe online

- Firmly supports multistakeholderism, and would not support a new multilateral institution to oversee or manage Internet ecosystem.

- Supports further globalization of internet Tech organizations and an invigorated IGF

Submission 132 – Computer and Communications Industry Association

- Despite agreement on what IG means, disagreement on the meaning of WSIS definition continues

- This meeting should endorse a common understanding of what aspects of policy should be properly considered as IG related, but should not be in conflict with Tunis agenda

- What is and what is not within the scope of the term IG? Agreement on these four principles would bring a lot of clarity

o The network and the data are separate at the policy levelo No stakeholder may take measures that compromise the ability of the network to

connect the greatest number of users at the lowest cost and efficiently as possibleo Management of and access to data that traverses the network is not a subject of

international IGo Regulating the Internet, or technology more generally, will not solve social

problems – mass surveillance is fundamentally not about the Internet but rather about how all stakeholders can cooperate regarding security threats

- Pre existing principles noted, of particular value is inclusiveness and diversity, transparency, access, universality, interoperability and standardization, security, stability and decentralization of the network, openness and neutrality

- Multistakeholder participation needs to adopt a minimum set of standards for the quality and nature of such participation, based on the Aarhus Convention commitments on public participation.

- Existing organizations could be improved througho Increased outreach, capacity building and training for regulatorso Increase and diversify newcomer sessionso Improve transparency and accountability o Open accessible meetingso Improve accessibility and reduce barriers to entryo Organize physical meeting of more than one in the same city and close enough so

people can attend all.o Global mandated organizations have an obligation to ensure multilingual

documentation and interpretation. -  What is not included?

o Issues where norms exist but where a networked world has created challenges in implementation, and – need Internet Dimension to be part of processes mandated to address them – creating additional processes would be a mistake

o Issues where no norms exist but conflicts in national laws have arisen because of a networked world

- Revelations about mass surveillance have triggered this meeting – governments feel action must be taken to protect their citizens data from foreign surveillance and the unique – historical accident - role of the US government is more visible

- IGF needs improvement – meetings don’t have conclusions, or a mechanism to implement o Should prioritize activities – look at areas outside IG that have a profound impact

on the Internet or where IG could have a profound impact. o Identify issues with Internet dimensions not currently being addressed elsewhere.o Secretariat needs strengthening and should have capacity to rack and interact with

discussions with an internet dimension

Submission 133 – Domain Name Association

- narrow set of high level principles will help frame ongoing discussion - DNA only non-profit global business association representing interests of the domain

name industry

- Unwavering support for multistakeholder bottom up approach- Technology, left to the private sector with appropriate governmental incentives has

demonstrated ability to accommodate rapid change and growth- Governments should incentivize development of protocols and standards and protocols- Standard setting regulatory and legal environments across jurisdictional lines support

innovation, prevent malfeasance and avoid duplication or political interference- Promote lightweight regulatory schemes of investment and development of high speed

networks and cross border delivery- Roadmap should

o Develop objectiveso Measure gapso Form issues statemento Examine available datao Test consensus for outcomes and develop implementation plan

- Premature to reach conclusions on IANA function 

Submission 134 – Facilitators of the Internet and Jurisdiction Project

- Further evolve multistakeholder ecosystem and regimes- The Internet and Jurisdiction project is facilitating sine 2012 multistakeholder dialogues

on the development of a process for trans border requests on domain name seizures, content take downs and access to user data.

- NetMundial will need to identify common formulations, document discussion to identify convergence and options.

- Could usefully exploreo What combination of actors should initaitie a dialogueo Who can participate and howo Who can provide a netural support functiono How can existing meetings be leveraged?

Submission 135 – group of individuals and Latin American organisations

- Latin America part of where the next 2 billion internet users will come from, currently 48.2% of Internet users from the Americas, penetration of 40%, higher than general worldwide penetration, the fastest growing Internet population, 12% between 2012-2013.

- At the same time, emergence of laws and policies that violate core digital rights – developed in non-transparent and non-accountable manner.

- Cite WSIS definition of IG, fully support several sets of principles already agreed – HRC, OCED, CGI and APC

- Defend and reinforce multistakeholder model, ICANN internationalization, global IGF, and a strengthened LACIGF, multilingualism at forums, and no government or region should have predominance.

- Capacity building also necessary for increased governmental participation - Infrastructure the main access issue in Latin America, still need investment to build

infrastructure.

- Latin American governments need to collaborate to improve laws that guarantee freedom of expression, online and offline,

- Inclusion, diversity, multiculturalism, multilingualism- Regional participation in IG low – suggest creation of multistakeholder body responsible

for raising funds to facilitate involvement. Creation of Remote Participation centres for each meeting needed.

- Respect the rule of law

Submission 136 – Government of Poland

- Failure of the Brazil meeting could threaten multistakeholder model and push things back to multilateral – the Sao Paulo road map should respect strengthening of multistakeholder forums to be transparent and accountable

- Unfragmented internet is the goal and principles should include privacy of users, open and free tech standards and protocols, human right to speech, access information and prohibit censorship, net neutrality and potential of the internet to promote democracy and cultural diversity

- Poland shares concern that IANA functions to ICANN through contractural relationships with a single countries raises issues of inadequate accountability, lack of transparency and unbalanced stakeholder influence

Submission 137 – Japan Network Information Centre

- pragmatism important principle - rough consensus and running code is the IETF version – suppresses unrealistic specifications and lets experts make judgements based on evidene, verified in a policy deliberation process.

- There is a need for a new function catalyzing and coordinating collaborative efforts to address complex and emerging issues

Submission 138 – ISOC Senegal

- IG needs participation of youth – what levers are needed for iG to serve as a democratic outlet?

Submission 139 – Korean government

- Acknowledges preexisting principles, WSIS, CGI.br, OECD, HRC, Seoul Framework that included accessibility, multistakeholderism, flexibility, engagement , security, balance

Submission 140 – Data Security Council of India

- Multistakeholder model with defined roles need to be evolved, participation proportional to internet population, where representation is one set of stakeholders, it is merely ceremony and not participatory

- Separate DNS from policies on TLDs and public policies that intersect with nations rights to make them

- Industry participation from developing countries in standard making, making IETF open without having to pay for a seat

- Localization of ICT within territorial boundaries should not be encouraged- Participation of stakeholders from developing and LDC encouraged- Governments role is in law and order, content regulation and national security within

their territories should be accepted- Countries should send nominees of all stakeholders rather than ICANN directly selection

people without transparency

Submission 141 - APC

- States are failing to ensure laws and regulations about surveillance adhere to human rights standards

- Submission explains how international human rights law applies in the digital environment and the principles evolved by Privacy International, Access and EFF

- Conceptualization of existing human rights law have not kept up with communications surveillance capabilities

- States have responsibilities but the private sector bears equal responsibility for respecting human rights, particularly given the key role it plays in designing and disseminating technologies.

- Principles that must be adhered to are – Legality, legitimate aim, necessity, adequacy, proportionality – a state must establish to the competent, independent and impartial judicial authority that there is a high degree of probability that a crime has or wil be committed, evidence of that, exhaustion of other remedies, the information will be relevant to that crime, and used for that purpose only

- Users should be notified of surveillance with appeal rights, unless notification would seriously jeopardize purpose for which surveillance authorized or if life at risk, and individual is notified as soon as reasonably possible afterwards

- States should be transparent about the use and scope of communications- Public oversight mechanisms- States should not compel service providers or software or hardware vendors to build

surveillance or monitoring capability into heir systems. - Mutual assistance treaties should ensure that high level standards apply, and must not use

these treaties to request protected information to circumvent domestic legal restrictions- States should enact criminalizing legislation by public or private actors, protection for

whistleblowers

Submission 142 – European Internet Society

- Shocking regional disparities in new TLD distribution –the number in South America (24) and Africa (17) very low, in North America (915) and Europe (671), Asia Pacific (303) – this excessive domination is dangerous – it generates withdrawals and sows animosity, carries monoculture instead of diversity and exposes users to data collection and espionage in a questionable legal framework (US Patriot Act and FISA Amendment Act)

- A bunch of US companies use tax evasion on a large scale from European microstates – 152 in European microstates and 167 in the British Caribbean Islands! European areas of lower taxation – Netherlands Ireland and Switzerland are used to allow sophisticated tax evading organizations pay less tax.

- Systematic tax avoidance is a matter of public interest. It distorts competition.- A new policy of social and environmental responsibility should be introduced- Registries residing in an area where the tax is lower than the global average should face

alternatives to withdraw its declaration of tax residence and return to it real country o residence or make a financial contribution to projects of public interest

Submission 143 – NRO for AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE NCC

- WSIS definition of IG now well accepted and should remain- Multistakeholder model continue to be fundamental to the success of the internet- IGF should remain central element of global IG environment; propose renewal of current

arrangements for 10 years, non-binding forum, essential that MAG receive strong support from IGF secretariat, which must be strong and stable. Transparency and predictability of selection of members needed.

Submission 144 – Uni of North Carolina

- Current legal regimes, institutional frameworks and instruments are insufficient to address cyber-threats. Cybercriminals take advantage of lack of law enforcement capacity.

- Some emerging economies capacity to deal with cybercrime is a dominant challenge - Informal trans-national networks are increasingly common- Soft approach, a working group of policy makers – may develop better relationships

between states – can’t force but encourage. - Symbolic actions can lead to more substantive actions

Submission 145 – ERS Consultores

- Supports multistakeholder model but some principles need to be deepenedo Access to the interneto Freedom and equality on the Interneto Freedom of expression and informationo Privacy of the internet

Submission 146 – CGI.BR

- ICANN’s evolution shall be guided by a framework for vertical and horizontal accountability and shall seek a better equilibrium among all stakeholders and among countries.

- CGI.br assumes ICANN will remain the responsible institution and focal point - Far more important than operational level mandate is pacing ICANN under a new

international legal institutional framework that replaces the current contract with the US government and US legal system.

- Realistic timeframe – 5-10 years – steps to be an outcome of the NetMundial- Practical decentralization of structures to the 5 RIRs, a good example of how IANA

functions can be delegated and decentralized without removing overall institutional responsibility of ICANN

- Will be extremely relevant to decide which entity will be responsible for the management of the root zone file so that its stable, secure and reliable

- ICANN must be accountable – there are different sorts of accountability, which depends on the nature of the relations and the interest of the actors. Vertical (accountable to constituents) and horizontal (accountability to other parts of the organization)

- Leveling the playing field among stakeholders and countries – different types of stakeholders – states, firms, NGOs and IGOs across hierarchical, polyarchic or anarchic structures = 33 forms of multistakeholderism identified by Laura DeNardis and Mark Raymond

- CGI.br has its own model – the global model must include the establishment of a serious and permanent discussion about the appropriate contours of multistakeholderism in the 21st century.

- CGI.br believes that best model comprises all relevant actors within their scope of action and is polyarchic – authority is not centralized or inexistent.

- ICANN’s multistakeholderism sometimes tilts towards anarchism, inadequate balance- Problems are

o Inadequacy of GAC for government participationo Small influence of civil society in final decisions of the boardo Capture o ICAN by the domain industryo Lack of balance among different countries

- Even if GAC keeps its role as advisory, government representatives should participate effectively, governments influence only when considered by the board should be avoided, it represents an undue advantage over other groups

- Weight of registries and registrars in policy development should be reduced - ALAC structure and role should be revised – clear redundancy - Composition of the board should be revised to reflect better balance among stakeholder

groups and need principles, number of seats for NomCom should be reduced- Sufficient funds to ensure participation- Once adequate and balanced representation established, hen the role of the board

regarding final approval of policies should be revised. The Board should oversee.

Submission 147 – University of North Carolina

- Current legal regimes are insufficient to face cyber-treats. - Same as another submission by the U of NC

Submission 148 – Persian - IGF

- Importance of multistakeholderism emphasized in literature but it is in its infancy- Unclear how regions lacking developed stakeholder groups independent of state authority

can evolve, this is a challenge faced by many countries including small island states- Need initiative to empower growth of informed multistakeholder groups- Categories of multistakeholderism – governments, private sector, academics, tech

community, civil society and international organizations is accepted but limits diversity and equal participation. When a stakeholder group is weak in a region weakens the whole

- Procedural mechanisms should address power imbalance between national, regional and international stakeholder reps

- Allowing expert individual to take part without having to select a group could be piloted at the IGF in Turkey

Submission 149 – CGI.br

- CGI.br principles were approved by consensus o Freedom, privacy and human rightso Democratic and collaborative governanceo Universal Internet accesso Diversity o Innovationo Neutrality of the networko Unnaccountabity of the network – users responsibleo Functionality, security and stability o Standardization and interoperabilityo Legal and regulatory environments must preserve dynamics of the internet as a

space for collaboration

Submission 150 – Kenya ICT Action Network

- There is no framework to ensure that stakeholder views are taken on board and reflected in outcomes

- Want to see articulation of multistakeholderism that is not only about participation but about reflection of contributions in the final outcomes

- Internet grip by undemocratic giant private multinationals constantly acquiring or killing emerging competition and innovations should be told off. We have recent evidence of such corporations getting into bed with governments to achieve mutual interests.

Submission 151 – ISOC Tunisia

- Preserving multistakeholder model- World deserves access to knowledge- Governments should promote expanded access to broadband- Internet important as platform for education commerce information – any governance

model must promote free flow of information - Government should promote ability to innovate and promote open, distributed,

interoperable and interconnected- Human rights on and offline- Governments should recognize limitation on ability to collect information on users- IG should include all stakeholders and promote openness, transparency and

accountability, rooted in rule of law

Submission 153 – Knowledge Commons Technical submission- While policy and legal frameworks are required to ensure a reformed and

internationalized Internet, many of the solutions for the future of Internet governance are technical

- Without a technical grounding many of the policy and legal frameworks might be

meaningless.- The technological architecture that worked when the Internet was born and grew in its

infancy is in many ways outdated. - NetMundial arose because trust and confidence in the Internet was fundamentally

undermined by mass surveillance and economic espionage, both possible because of the Internet’s technical architecture.

- The future growth of the Internet needs to emphasize decentralized architecture and more evenly distributed infrastructure, to improve the storage and privacy of data.

- The centralization of ownership and control of physical cables, routers, servers and data is at the core of the problem’s made clear by the revelations of Edward Snowden; if all the data is going through a single location it is vulnerable to the back doors in software and hardware utilized by agencies of that country.

- Only Free and Open Software and Hardware implementing Open Standards can give us the chance to stop the backdoors, allowing complete auditability and interoperability. An open and decentralized Internet requires strict enforcement of open and public standards, which allow fully interoperable implementation by anyone in any type of software and hardware.

- Private social platforms put users at risk, and compromise local interests. In order for a free Internet to be developed for the best interests of local citizens and local business, public funds will need to support development of tools that will give users alternatives to the social media monopolies. These applications and tools must be open and distributed on nature, and designed to protect the users privacy.

- Strong encryption must be mandatory in all core protocols. To guarantee that citizens have their privacy protected, all cryptographic libraries used in the core protocols should be open and frequently verified, so that their implementations will be safe for global usage.

- There is a difference between what is technically possible and what is legal or acceptable – new agreements will require trust and technical verification. Governments and corporations are bypassing oversight and abusing the capacity to surveil their own citizens – and those of foreign countries – just because they technically can. The technology can be configured differently.

- Technical experts will be needed to ensure that any new principles agreed upon by governments actually prohibit and police indiscriminate data collection, backdoors into software or hardware, the hacking of submarine cables, the sabotage of networks etc.

Submission 154 – Abranet – Brazilian Internet Association

- Abranet proposes principles be adopted based on values selected by CGI.br, and multistakeholderism

Submission 155 – CGI.br

- Although PRISM based programs have been a reality for many years, the Snowden episode does not lose relevance – we have an opportunity to construct global solutions

- International effort necessary – the network is global in scale- The fight giant spying goes through telco networks and the Internet’s layers, therefore the

protecting privacy has to be seen in this context.

- The current international IG lacks a body with authority to discuss and coordinate solutions for human rights protection.

- The IGF or the UN CSDT could be structured as bodies responsible for discussion and actions to make recommendations to other international bodies

- Parameters for ensuring privacy needs to be based on some fundamentals, o Principle of legality must be respected, o Power should be conferred only by a competent judicial authority, o Surveillance cannot be based on discrimination, race, nationality, social origins or

political opinionso Limitations to privacy must be necessary adequate and proportionalo Limitations must be determined by impartial judicial authorityo Court orders must be issued with due process, subject to lawful procedures,

publicly known and in line with protection of human rightso User notification can only be waived or postponed in specific cases o Transparency of techniques and powers is requiredo Periodic reports must give information about refused and approved requestso Applicable legislation and procedures should be put in place by the service

providers, must also be publicly availableo Surveillance of the state must be under supervision of other entities

- Compliance with these doesn’t avoid the concern that surveillance compromises the integrity, security and privacy of the communication systems

- Relevant to establish international cooperation on the provision of data against illegitimate access to information of users.

- International standards must be clearly documented, publicly available, subjected to guarantees of procedural fairness.

- Countries are encouraged to consider their legal systems are appropriately responsible on improper usage and providing of data and defence mechanisms for individual affected

- Legal protection of privacy may also imply the guarantee of data destruction

Submission 156 - APC

- Principles includeo Internet access for all – irrespective of where you live, inclusive design, equal

access for men and women, affordability, public access, access in the workplace, cultural and linguistic diversity

o Freedom of expression and association, freedom from censorship, o Access to knowledge and shared learning and creation, knowledge commons,

freedom of information, right to share, free and open source software, open technology standards

o Privacy, freedom from undue surveillance and the right to use encryption, data protection, encryption, surveillance by states should comply with necessary and proportionate principles

- Multilateral and multistakeholder governance should be transparent and accessible, decentralized and collaborative, open architecture, open standards, network neutrality, net integrated as a whole and a demilitarized zone

- Human rights protected and recourse when violations have occurred

Submission 157 – Connecting.nyc Inc

- City residents have scant access to governance structures that guide the Net’s operation- When ICANN activated its new TLD issuance responsibilities it’s initial inclination was to

view cities as outside the scope for entities eligible for TLDs but after a campaign the viewpoint changed and cities were included but a different set of requisites.

- Likely that approximately 35 cities will receive TLDs this year- Need for inclusion of cities in IG processes- Number on seats selected by individual internet users on ICANN’s board should be

increased – 5 seems a reasonable target- New board seats should be allocated at one per ICANN region, new seats should be

selected by direct vote of each regions at large structures - Participation of the poor and marginalized should be facilitated- Improved transparency and accountability for the at large - In at large structures in cities with TLDs, city government should be provided an ex-officio

participation

Submission 158 – Submission of Brazilian NGOs

- notes existing principles, APC Charter, Tunis, - Principles and rights can only be implemented when IG is transparency, accessible and

accountable, allows for effective participation, is diverse in terms of region, culture and gender.

- Principleso Right to digital inclusion and access to interneto Right to net neutrality and openness o Access to knowledge and right to cultureo Freedom of expression and associationo Privacy is a right, surveillance should be necessary and proportionate and

encryption and anonymity is a right o Diversity and nondiscrimination o Realization of rights

Submission 159 – Submission of Brazilian NGOs

- IG ecosystem should foster international arrangements that protect human rights at the core, and be transparent, wide open and diverse participation, effective, accountable and enforceable

- Transparent, democratic, multilateral and multistakeholder - Decentralized- A mechanism is needed to provide communication and coordination among IG

institutions, a multistakeholder council, participants from diversity of views, should receive inputs from IGF, hosted under ECOSIC CSTD

- IGF should be reformed and empowered and quality of outcomes improved , and should develop more tangible outputs, a more prospective agenda setting, secretariat should be strengthened with neutral stable and predictable funding

Submission 160 – Italian Civil Society

- new principle – everyone should have the right to express oneself, self organize and engage in political oriented collective action on the internet as a means of enacting digital citizenship

- No one should be discriminated on the basis of political ides. - Tactics of disruption of service but do not damage infrastructure should be tolerated as

democratic and legitimate practices of digital citizenship- Arbitrary or indiscriminate censorship, generalized, unjustified and disproportionate

surveillance shall not be tolerated

Submission 161 - Sinditelebrasil

- Representative entity for personal mobile service providers and fixed telephony in Brazil, including the major ISPs in Brazil

- Competition and a light touch regulatory environment needed to innovate in access and connectivity

- Recognize many existing principle documents – OECD, G8, European Commission – now need global reference point and guiding light – NetMundial should aim for agreement

- Internet a success because of multistakeholderism- Promote internet that is

o Economically sustainable, interconnected, secure, tableo Protect human rights o Commit to collaborate and open IG that has no single group of stakeholders

dominatingo Acknowledge that government mechanism s for technical and operational matters

have proved to make the Internet remarkable stable and tech community and private sector should retain their leading role in the day to day management.

o Ensure IG transparently, inclusive accessible- Any roadmap for IG should include all parties are on an equal footing- Multistakeholderism has worked considerably well - IG processes need to better involve public policy concerns from governments and needs to

evolve accordingly. - Not all issues need the same set of stakeholders to define solutions - Online privacy also shows that its necessary to distinguish between global and local levels- There is no global agreement and protection of privacy online, principle of subsidiarity

should decide what level decisions need to be taken where. - Governments are the representatives of the people and are an important source of

legitimacy on public policy. - IGF should be better funded and its role and influence expanded- IANA/ICANN globalized

Submission 162- APC

- Internet is not a parallel dimension, but part of social, economic, cultural, personal and political life

- Internet related policy issues are not finite, they will emerge and change over time

o Internationalization of DNS and root managemento Consolidate democratic inclusive multistakeholder governanceo Uncertainty about role of IGC – it is under resourced o Net Neutrality o Fair and transparent cross border regulation and taxation of global internet

businesses o States acting to limit freedom of expression and associationo Mass surveillance and privacy o Security – need cyber disarmament

- Would not be feasible to centralize decision making- Vibrant and diverse Internet governance ecosystem but they are not adequately inclusive

transparent and accountable, they do not communicate and collaborate adequately, and power and influence is unevenly distributed. Clear gender imbalance

- Need common principles, - IGF can play a key role in communication, debate and collaborative policy making – renew

it for 10 years and strengthen finances from gTLD domain name registrations - Need agreement that

o Internet governance is distributed, centralizing is not feasible or desirable o Create IGF linked information clearing house and policy observatoryo Strengthen meaningful participationo Improve government recognition of the value of nongovernmental stakeholder

participation in pubic policy making o Inclusion of women in IG spaces, concrete action when imbalancedo Develop codes of practice for IG processeso Existing bodies to avoid mission creepo Establish national multistakeholder forums and processeso Capacity building initiativeso Clarify the role of governments o Governments should participate actively

Submission 163 - LACNOG

- Network operators in Latin America and the Caribbean developed a consensus based set of principles

- Management of internet resources must involve rules and all parts involved in their utilization including network operators, users, content providers

- Problems and technical practices and be addressed through operational changes or network management and best practices – changes should not be imposed by regulation

- Interconnection of networks and traffic exchange should be encouraged and agreed – regulation minimized

- Groups and internet governance bodies should be appropriately representative from network operator groups

Submission 164 – LAC- IX

- Internet exchange points are critical infrastructure, neutral network facilities. - Principles

o Interconnection between internet actors enable guaranteed access to networkso Stability of the network, its security and functionality must be actively preserved

by adopting technical measures that are compatible with international standards. o No one should have the ability to turn off the internet totally or partiallyo Architecture of the internet and the communication system must be based on open

standards that enable interoperability o Juridical and regulatory environments must preserve the dynamics of the internet

as open, collaborative space free of blocks, interruptions, censures, interference or surveillance

o Governance must promote continuous development and widespread dissemination of new technologies and models for access and use

o All action taken against illicit activity must be aimed those directly responsible not at the means of access and transport.

Submission 165 – Council of Europe

- 10 Internet principles adopted in 2010-11- Governance of (architecture and cooperation of actors) and on (policy on content and

layers) the internet are different

Submission 166 - EBU

- EBU supports strong regulatory framework for net neutrality - Recognizes open internet as key driver for innovation- Need to clarify the definition of “internet access service” and “specialized service” to

guarantee coexistence- Role of spectrum for radio and TV broadcasting and states competence to safeguard

cultural diversity and media pluralism – IG rules need to take into account radio spectrum, clarify the notion of harmonized spectrum

- Freedom of expression includes content in own language and relevant to own culture

Submission 167 - Axur

- Information technology is not an end in itself but way to develop society - Something with these characteristics cannot belong to anyone or controlled – internets

nature is free and even anarchic, a term that suggests not being subordinate to the state, or a monopoly of force, it is a network of networks

- National sovereignty, privacy and combatting cybercrimes need to be discussed, Edward Snowden showed the world that national sovereignty and individual freedom at risk.

- The debate is about the role and relationship of people, companies and states- The role of defence is to make the internet a safe place, but higher inflection needed on

o Impact of anonymity ando The capacity of a country affected by a direct attack

- By allowing unrestrictive anonymity it would be like switching the lights off in public parks, it would benefit some people and create conditions for crime, balance needs to be found so that people can express ideas without being punished. Cryptography

- There is an excessive concentration of power in the hands of a few states -

Submission 168 – MIT

- 20 years ago, cyber conflict distant, but today not considered unusual but considerable uncertainties remain about nature, scale, scope and features of conflict

- This paper provides case studies of cyber conflict – data set of 17 cyber conflicts spanning 1985-2013

Submission 169 - ITBR

- Internet principles re not to set goals but identify key values and conditions for the Internet to continue to improve daily lives of people

- Notes previous principles - Not possible or advisable to restrict creativity, freedom of choice and expression,

representation or control - Internet not an alternative reality but a tool that we use to make our lives better - social

networks are just magnified- The internet reflects our lives, principles that govern our lives in society should be applied- Internet is a global platform, unlike telco services, it’s a value adding service in various

national laws and included in the WTO treaty - Convergence merges telco services with the Internet, merging, seeing commercial

interests being used as an excuse to impose limitations or restrictions on the freedom of access s to the internet – compromising net neutrality

- Multistakeholderism responsible for success of internet .- Governments need to ensure alignment of public policy with telco infrastructure and the

internet to ensure no barriers- Private sector participation essential, academic essential - Principles

o Freedom, privacy and human rights o Democratic and collaborative governance o Universalityo Diversity o Innovationo Neutrality of the network o Unaccountability of the networko Functionality, security and stabilityo Standardization and interoperability o Legal and regulatory environments

Submission 170 – Tama University

- Welcome Montevideo Statement- Move towards consensus should be guided by full multistakeholder framework, including

establishment of Working Groups where all parties are represented- Need more proactive measure to support participation of marginalized groups- Strengthening financial support for participation in IGF, ICANN or W3C

- Global TLD registries should provide further financial contributions to enhance multistakeholder participation

- To reach consensus on development of framework for ICANN IANA functions, suggest Working Groups of all stakeholders with geographic gender and other diversity considerations

Submission 171 – Collab CPR

- Two principles – o Governance must be democratic, by states duly elected. This precludes all

stakeholders on a common footing. Multistakeholderism helps highlight importance of society-wide contributions, following form which democratic states then decide policy.

o Free flow of information necessary for free expression - Two camps stalemate evolution

Submission 172 – 73 Entertainment and Cultural Organisations

- Our industry supports IG that benefits from meaningful participation of all stakeholders, fosters growth and innovation of interoperability, and where IP is protected, and ensures internet supported by rule of law and the sovereign right so states

Submission 173 - Centre for Democracy and Technology

- Change should not occur solely for the sake of change – proposals to unduly increase the role of governments will only exacerbate governance challenges

- Issues of surveillance and governance should not be conflated – in fact governments are the ones retreating from open and participatory policy development processes

- Change should be based on multistakeholder consultation, open and transparent processes, identification of real not perceived needs, constructive and proportional solutions, multistakeholder endorsement and accountable and transparent implementation

- Implementation of change should not require hard law approaches or treaties or intergovernmental structures

- Cites CGI.br, OECD and CoE principles

Submission 174 – Nigeria Technology Organisation

- US in charge of internet, which is no longer acceptable to some countries- Big data, security, surveillance have raised concerns about what IG should be- All citizens have become citizens of the Net-Nation in addition to their country- Other countries need to get involved- A World Internet Governance Organization (WIGO) is needed – ICANN should become this

– a global organization with equal participation from governments, private sector, civil society, technical community

- Governments hae to play a role in decision making but the internet ecosystem should remain multistakeholder

Submission 175 - INTLNET

- Difficulty of ICANN US national mentoring includes multistakeholderism – a personal polycratic attitude. In democracy one shares decisions by vote, in polycracy deicsions are made after mutual information. Technically service provided by ICANN is middle grade, has not contributed to US citizen privacy

- Cyber sovereignty is a complex issue - a national cyber territory is virtual and global, commercial infra sovereignties develop that become transnational or multinational and the global nature of virtual cyber territories is not consistent

- Nation states can no longer equate architectonics with politics assimilated with land - The Internet is the first man made physical universe, we have no previous experience in

managing a system of this size- Multistakeholderism will be embodied as intergovernance of enhanced cooperation of

international, public, private and personal virtual global network managers.

Submission 176 – Portuguese teacher

- How can ICANN operate within an international framework instead of a particular state – current members of ICANN GAC could sign an MOU

- How can DNS-Root Zone Management and IANA functions be made accountable to stakeholders not just the US government

- Globalization is about trade liberalization – not acceptable model for ICANN. The meaning of international organization is not just between national states, it is compatible with multistakeholder involvement

- It is appropriate to internationalize ICANN

Submission 177 – ICANN cross community working group

- Multistakeholder model best serves Internet Community - Supports single root internet - Supports transparency in government decision making - Evolution of ICANN should be done by ICANN community

Submission 178 - CO Internet SAS

- Big data, human factors, identification, false information published online, hacktivism need a forward looking oversight and continuous review to address risks

- According to ITU Guadalajara resolution, Cybersecurity a set of tools, policies, concepts, drivers, risk management methods, actions, education awareness, good practice, insurances and technologies to protect users and organizations in cyberspace

- DNS security has a strong and direct impact on performance and dependability of the Internet. DNS – SSR needs better efforts on awareness and tech capacity building.

- Big Data drastically changing online privacy handling and guarantees- New generic TDLs (nTDLs) will impose a lot of challenges in particular to DNS- Weakest element is human factor - Services helping people go dark, advancement in encryption, benefits fraudulent, illegal

and abusive activity - Publishing fake information has complex social, political and economic consequences

- Hacktivism a bit challenge to cybersecurity, insurgents and mischief makers continue to increase DDos attacks and take advantages of IT vulnerabilities

Submission 179 – Information Technology Industry Council

- Phenomenal success of the internet is due in no small part to multistakeholder model- Expanding access to broadband networks will spread benefits of the Internet, continue the

free flow of information, allow for the ability to innovate and take advantage of economic opportunities, assure continuing security and stability, and ensure individuals can exercise their human rights online and offline

- Recognition of the limitation of governments on collection of information non users

Submission 180 – Internet Governance Working Group of the Info Tech Industry Council

- no lack of places to discuss, in fact overlapping missions and confusing assortment of discussions. One organization is not the answer, rather taking advantage of richness to make it easier to navigate

- Multistakeholder model has worked and will best serve into the future but model must evolve to allow all stakeholders a voice

- Majority of meetings take place in developed world. IG institutions should strive to improve remote participation

- Multilateral organizations should provide better transparency and accountability in their decision making

- Negative national initiatives to restrict information flows and require in country data services could impede a country’s ability to uphold privacy while creating obstacles to expanding online commerce and security risks, cutting off businesses and consumers to cutting edge technology, harm domestic technology dependent industries such as banking and manufacturing

- Data security and privacy are very real and urgent, however risks to global commerce and the free flow of information is also urgent

- Security of data is not a question of server location but what mechanisms are in place to safeguard the data.

Submission 181 – IT for Change

- the NetMundial should not mention any kind of equal role that stakeholders have in public policy making, and no actors should be given a veto over what issues may be taken up for public policy development – these should be clear red lines

- A large number of submission propose the equal role of all stakeholders, however certain public policy making can only be undertaken by formally constituted political authorities

- Multistakeholder participation expanding the consultative base of public policy, and improving NGO participation making is positive for deepening democracy, however, equal roles for all in decision making is grossly undemocratic.

- There is a distinction between participation and deciding – big business should not get a veto

- Technical level functions need to be protected from ad hoc political interference, but still need political oversight as per public policy principles

Submission 182 – Seth Johnson

- Internet Universality as an internet principle proposed by UNESCO but implementing a universal policy by establishing rules that apply between networks can interfere with the flexibility of the Internet platform.

- The WSIS project fails to distinguish between the internet and other IP based networks, including Next Generation Networks

- It’s far better to stress a principle recognizing greater flexibility and interoperability derives from the way the Internet Protocol enables interoperability between autonomous network and then to consider functions proposed to be implemented as “universal” principles 

Submission 183 – NIC Mexico

- ICANN facing challenge of lessening its linkage to California law and deepening globalization of IANA function, currently performed under US government contract

- Increased government participation is evident, governments seeking to increase engagement,

- Through ITU, several governments pushing for ITU to take technical coordination functions from ICANN. ITU state centric and only gives voice and vote to governments, increasing risk of unilateral policies that may violate fundamental internet principles like neutrality, free flow of data

- Governments negotiating the TPPA changing IP and Internet regulation- Widespread government espionage – no internet user is safe- Principles should focus on

o Wide protection of human rights in the digital erao Non discriminatory and inclusive accesso Right to access information and freedom of expressiono Effective competition in telecommunications, promote anti-trust policieso Strengthen integration of the information societyo  Telecommunications as a worldwide public service, understanding the Internet

does not fall within the realm of telco regulations and therefore needs multistakeholder approach

o Inviolability of private communications – governments should limit their ability to collect information on Internet users

o Multistakeholder participation on the basis of equal footing, equal voice, equal participation

o Protecting consumers

- IGC should be the main forum – similar efforts at regional and national levels – renew IGF for 10 years

- ICANN should evolve to comprise a more international organization- All stakeholders should increase their accountability - International Organizations and governments should enhance their cooperation to

mitigate negative conduct - Technical community continue to improve cooperation based on their principles

Submission 184 - MIT

- ICANN in charge of coordination since 1998, founded with technical mandate but it’s scope has substantially expanded, reaching the political and economic world

- Structure where Internet users, companies, not for profits, RIRs, governments and treaty organizations have a place to contribute but very few Internet users know what ICANN is or does.

- ICANN complex, not all internal bodies were created at the same time, therefore there is not a unified document where the principles governing the work of ICANN are exposed

- New IG system has to be able to evolve with the Internet, and the different actors in IG have to understand their role in the process

Submission 185 - APC

- Provides a draft set of principles based on OECD, CoE, APC, IRPC, ISOC, UNECE, CGI.BR, GNI

o Human rights and the rule of law The governance of the Internet must be based upon, guided by and respectful of  human rights, and particularly freedom of expression, association and the right to privacy supported by the rule of law. The Internet must remain open and inclusive so that users may benefit from all that it offers.

o Resilience and interoperability The Internet must remain resilient and interoperable, underpinned by international standards and associated technical measures developed in open and inclusive processes

o Diversity The Internet is an open and inclusive medium that must respect and promote diversity in all its forms.

o A global resource The Internet must remain an un-fragmented, scalable and accessible global medium for the benefit of all.

- Provides principles for processes and participation in governance o Transparency and accountability Decision-shaping and decision-making in

Internet governance should be open, comprehensible and accountable.o Openness Internet governance processes should be open to interested parties,

accessible to all including those not present in person and should welcome and encourage participation from around the globe.

o Inclusive participation Internet governance should be undertaken on a multi-stakeholder basis, enabling the full and equal participation of all stakeholders.

o Collaboration and cooperation Internet governance should be based on and encourage collaborative and cooperative approaches to policy development that reflect the inputs and interests of stakeholders.

o Empowerment of users Internet governance should have as a core driver the goal of enabling users around the globe to realize their human rights and to access the Internet to realize their social and economic potential.

o Distributed governance The Internet’s global reach is best served by governance characterized by decentralized and multi-stakeholder mechanisms and organizations.

Submission 186 JC

- IG cannot be assimilated under ICANN- Multistakeholderism is a tool invented by business schools to serve corporations and

cannot deal effectively with public policy making and social justice- Supports development of a World Internet Organization and Forum and a mixture

between WTO and WIPO dispute settlement

Submission 187 – government of Tunisia

- Governments have a role to play in safeguarding the public interest, specific responsibilities in cybersecurity, compliance with law, protection of human rights IP and cultural and linguistic diversity

- Necessary to deepen issues of Internet regulation and interactions between tech and public policy

- Principleso Free universal and affordable informationo Respect for human rights, including freedom of expression, privacyo Net neutrality o Improving cultural and linguistic diversity

- Multistakeholder approach should be based on effective reciprocal interactions between tech considerations and public policy

- Accelerate globalization of ICANN- Strengthen role of GAC in ICANN decision making- Enable IGF to develop better implementation- Global model for fair and transparent management of critical internet resources, which is

a pubic good, including root server names and numbers - Strengthen national sovereignty under international treaties and the respect for privacy of

users- Develop mechanisms for tech transfer and capacity building for developing countries- To bridge the digital divide, stakeholders encouraged t implement programs and funding

to support developing countries to expand Internet access to their citizens.