ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

Divisions

Cuttings

Layers

Grafting/budding

Tissue Culture

GRAFTING/BUDDING

Method that joins plant parts so they will grow as one plant

Used to propagate cultivars that will not root well as cuttings or whose own root systems are inadequate

Induce growth form (dwarfing)

GRAFTING

Scion The plant part that is

the top part of a graft and grows to become the desired shoot

Usually contains two or three buds

When only one bud present = budding

Rootstock The bottom part of a

graft that is in contact with the soil and not allowed to produce side shoots

Interstock Portion between the

scion and understock – not always present

Rootstock

ScionBud/Graft Union

GENERAL USES

To propagate plant whose cutting are difficult to root

To produce disease resistance to a susceptible but desirable cultivar Rootstock is resistant to soilborne disease

and pests

To rapidly increase the number of a desirable cultivar

SPECIALIZED USES

To change plant size and vigor

To repair damaged plant (established tree) parts

To change plant form

Virus indexing – page 372 A procedure used to determine whether a

given plant is infected by a virus

SPECIALIZED USES

PLANT CONDITIONS

Compatibility Diameter of Parts Physiological State Alignment of Tissues

ENVIRONMENT

OPERATOR

GRAFTING TECHNIQUES

BarkCleft Whip & Tongue

GRAFTING/BUDDING

The aim of grafting is to make clean cuts in the tissue of the two pieces so that the CAMBIUM tissues can be matched together

Cambium is the main layer of meristematic tissue in woody plants

It is located as a thin layer of tissue immediately under the bark in stem and roots

WHIP GRAFT

Cut again to form the tongue

WHIP GRAFT

Push stock and scion tightly together

Wrap graft to keep cuts tight and to prevent drying

CLEFT GRAFT

Cut stock smoothly Split stock, and open with grafting tool

CLEFT GRAFT Long smooth cut to prepare scion Cut again for pie shaped wedge Insert scion into stock

CLEFT GRAFT

Cambium layers must match closely

CLEFT GRAFT

A slight slant can ensure cambium contact

Prevent drying, waxing After first year, shorten one scion

BARK GRAFT

Prepare stock with a single or double cut

Cut scion to form a shoulder

BARK GRAFT

Insert scion under bark or use small nails

GRAFTING VIDEOS

BUDDING

A form of grafting in which the scion consists of a single vegetative bud.

Easier procedure than grafting

Done when stock is still actively growing

BUDDING TECHNIQUES

T-Bud Shield Patch

T-BUDDING

T cut in the bark of the stock Bark needs to slip

Widely used in fruit production

Buds come from bud sticks Vegetative shoots Current season’s growth Bark peels easily

CHIP BUDDING

Uses a larger chip of wood, more wood then bark

Done in summer or fall

Video on T and chip budding

TISSUE CULTURE

Utilizing our knowledge of plant biology in order to propagate plant in vitro Able to produce large numbers of plants in

small amount of space Use plant growth regulators to manipulate

growth Sugar-rich semi-solid agar medium in

sterilized container

Amelenchier sp.

15 shoots per culture jar

1524 culture jars

4 week rotation

1 round = 22,860 shoots

1 year = 297,180 shoots

Whitespire Senior Birch

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