{ LINGUISTIC MONEY ".F. ROSSI.I.ANDI AND THE TRADITTON OF A SIMILEIL '§üALTER ScHMrrz

'Ihe serious and receptive reads of Rossi-Landi\ numercus §,orks isinescapably drawn to the realizarion that this author was not rhe creatotof a finished and fixed semiotic sysrem. Insread, he is a tLinker in motion,coastaady going somewhere aad caught up jn a continual productive evo"lution of Lis thought to§/ard a new goal. Since the sixties at the latesr,this goal was « ur nuovo approccio alla reoria maixista dei rspporti ftasiutrrüa e sovrastrutruia » (Rossi-Landi L973a1 9). The rheorericäl dif-ficulties involved in unraveling the xelarionship between modes ol produc-tion and ideology, according to his central precept, are rhe xesült of at-tempß to interyret a situarion which is in r€aliry rriadic by emplolng binaryterms; a dyha$ic situation is explained in reflns oI elernenrs $rhich aresradcally opposed to one another. To the modes of production and ideotogythcre musL be added a rhi-d elemenL - -he sign sys,em".

Devoting hnnself ro the exposition of his central precept od topondering the changing dialectic posirions of the ürree elemenrs fromnlediating to mediated status, It engaged in ndwer and newer studies fromchaoging perspeoives, In so doing, he arrived at more than a ciricalreevaluation oI linguistic, communicarion theor€ricr], and semiotic con-cepdons; he created new corceprs and pur them in place of the others.

Rossil-adit int€ntion was to let his rcadels take part ia his workiagand thinking processes, as evidenced by the prefaces ro rhe various editions(1968, 197j, and 198.3) and translations of 1l hnyaggio cone tar:oro econe tuercato.Indeed, no sooner had the reader come to believe that now

?07r

he knew «his» Rossi-Lrr.Li ihan rhe irirer had ä1re,dy taken the nerr step,nad :dCec ch:n..e, -: . , p)rme. ,,,, r a.e r, ,o .ne o iginr .",. ._, , ,.,;..r0r,or oi xn (,sJl . o. ace,l.l"noedo. l:s..1.r1,s.. rn.wauicJe. nv;dely scattered pubiicarions. To heve lotlowed l{ossi-Landit rhought woutdhave mealt_srmggiing to ircep trp wirh consranr reading of ltalia;, English,FrencL, and cefmar pubiicar.ions at the least. Even roday, lookingiackover the copious works ot liossi Laodi in retrosp€ct, qurte a bit oI dltailerlrcclnstruction is required to re-discover a»d re-trrrfe the progress o{ rhisgifted, original, lnd rireless rhjDirer. This constitutes

" -"j*l**q.irir.lor an.adequate usdersranding of his wealth oI ideas: ii is -cerainly

atewarding un<ierraking for rLe corumunity ot scholam.

Ir is my iniention ro ftake a modest coDtriburion io rhis rask by rakiflga cl:ser look ar dre exprcssion « denaro linguisico » used by Rossi"I;ndi, a;ex$ession that.appffently has caused a $ear deai ol conlusion and in Iargenleasure contributed ro a misconstnral of the whole basis undetlyiigIl litugaaggio ca"te l.d"ola c cone l?lercata as weil as other works.

TLere are at least three esselldal points oI reference {or Rossi-Landi\-rcvrpproncb o.:-srJyp.j:narilyor : ,;.nJe. r cour rror.veroal .ommunica-ron and. on .hc o he hr:i. corrrunLariorr \,ir',our .ig-rc: Ldvi.Stra,sg, Cordmann...d tegc rro . \. levisr,u$,ier.d rhe" erchanpe.:- i. i L .«rrl ,o.rl ". Ije po, uJJred e$en,:J, -o r.Jpo d.nce" b" §.c;nrhe th.ee evels ol excl,.,nge o . if 1o r v.. , con,nun rar.on: rhe erchangeorq,onen.rhr-olgood-J-d3e'.,rc..,nd;-r ot message. io a so.icry. öthe other hand,

..o.,currendy :ind subsequent to t,6visirauss, increasinglynnmemus änd fruit{ul upplications were lound for linguistics ald itsconceprs.m oLh.r li:ld . Ro+i! "r lts ,pproach <.",J, in r conp)enenraryrelationship to these develupmenrs:

( PoiF: :rdi/are ;le co. I -mcri, :rä .on r ro,hJ'a ses ßnLe b\oenalt rre 7 t."!M\;io a . L" can .,tbqe",i ,o, Zto,latali.i Det co Äjte'.o, pcro, .l li In rr ,vil...r',Ici suoi.odFnrroe rcBider1r. §o'o d Ro$: Land lqTja to-.

The studies oI Lucien Goldrnann in the fielrt of titerarv strriiesreDre.en.ed,on,er,iq c r n":el .'o. ,r.e rpfricar;o1 oI r,.e Marx.an con-.ep,, " )abor . fd - p od.c.ion In .h,. vei1, Ro*i-Lf,-d,oos,uiare.,hr! in con.,e,irg .. e ,r.oLr ,eve.. nf rhe ,chera ol 1i-gur:kor material producdon, o.e r|DS into not olrly « ,relazioni iniellisiiilt o'significative'»; a rrue homology is encounrerei as well, one that is"neither

a relationsLip of identity nor mete)y an analogy (cf. Rossi-Landi 1973a:178).

_ ?roceeding ftom an aothropological ihterpretarion oI tLe category oflaLor ln the early writings of Marx, Le arrives at the following foundai;onfor a honology between n:aterial a d lineuistic production that is logi.o-structural as well as historico-geretic;

( Gderali,,zando, fla un qualsiasi prodotto o risultato lmano in ouanto ,s-se.re elo st-,soprodorroo r. .' .o in qü/" oprsen,e..t uor dtter@,.Le:i puo sDi-g$erd tui s p,oJr ogore,solo r rerm,ni del l"voroc.p'etato dapJi Jor 1: pF, .o .eB" rlo. ..r,ego d pü ee.e,ale di queriproJo ri i I uoDo re jo. j* i.Jro Jor (o del .Jo b.oprio lJvoro '

, lo- l-:62).

Now since neither words nor messages occur in nature, being, as theyare, human products, lt lollows directly rbat they, too, are products o{human1abor,Anditisinlfussensethatwemavsoeakof«]ringü:sri.o b. Tn,o doi g, rl-e .ype of rabor.ererred ,o shares rhc srme ,u-tus as manipulative or nodilicatory läbor. This is a perspective that leadsto an interesllng way of overcoming the theoretical and methodologicaldilliftlries thät have always plagued Saussure's diffenntiation betsreen« langue » as a social instirution and « parole ' as an indivdual acrivity(at least according to the tadltioral reception of Saussure,s works):

c Al': bipa'tizrore f-a l1su, ep,rltre.i d1e .o.,:'rie ü) riprraT:ole.lla\oro li"e' isLco o1l"rri,o prod.ce ä b.cu! ' cotterrv, "; e.on cui,i cj.r.jra il par'ar. de, s r6oli, i cu: prodorti rirh <coro .e to srero serbrLoioro)'e vo d"cui re ono!r,r:aa1, a,,er:a[e.huü-nri'\Rosi.Landi 1973a:69).

The far-reaching coflsequences rhrt resuk cähnot be disorssed here.Suffice it to say that the idea of a production homology, when integratedat rhis point, can be develoFed as follo§'s. It follows that a lmgxage (lir-saa), in tLis view, is an insrirurion.iizeC ensemble of products &om previouslingu.Lic l"ror. \]{tords a-d rhe:- comb;n,ro1\,,rd r-1e' for d,; use olwords and their combinations, represent tLe materials and insrrr:ments (aspioducts of previolrs labor) which speakets and hearers \1rork on and wirh,to construct messages, to express themselvcs, to conmunicate. And Rossi-Landi goes on to say that:

.Inoltre ia lincua, in quarto heuzo di scambio universale per qualsiasi

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in Litlquittics and Econanics, he names Marx ,nd Lenin in addirion toF[egel, who also speak of « losic as the money oI thoughr » (Rossi-Landi1975: 150). This list ought to be added on to, of course. Bur ler us rakea doser look to see what ir reveals.

Horace spoke of «'coniatura delle parote,» (Rossi Landi 1971a:240). Quintilian, who had plundeted Floracet De Arte poetica

^s a

storehouse oI quotations, shifred the emphasis of his comparison:

. Con'uet:Co !ero cerl's:m, oqr-rJ. rlagisrr, r rendumque Dlane krcui r.blicr jo,m..sr ' .lr.r. Or.r T. b.'

Äs lor Bacon, Rosilandi seems to be refeuing to Ol the prclici€rcJand Aduancettett ol Leomi"e O6a5):

. Yq. brqu.e rh:. ,d .once,nert, o. ir we.e tte minr oI knowle.laelor wüd" rre .he ro\ens o fl*nr ard r...red t* co*.,r. * monev, -irbe ol.morher l{ird.han eota ird.t\er. t Lhoueh-t.;;;, ;;:;;";;ä,r ro bercr e.rqu',y , Br(on l8ö4.-4, ITf. {00r.

More Ianili than rhis or oihel passages in Bacolr is Hobber rcmark:

. For worJs ,F wise 5.n: .o.nirrs. hcy do but rc,kon bv rheh; burthe) ore,h" ro-e) ot tools rha. ralue l rm by rhc au. lorirv of aD Arisrotied Ccero. or a T}oaas. o- any o.trr o,.r, shanoerer.',- f;, ;;;;;\ tauiotba L,4 1819 45, I1I, 25)

I-eibniz'and Locke could also be cired. Är the besinnins of the 19thcentury then louis-Gabriel-Ambrojse de Bonald ptopounded-:

" Lr parole esr do.c, d.ns le comtr.rce de" pe-sFe\. .c qüe I arcen- en.l,n(Ie commerc.- d$. narchmdirer. e,prc*io r rieJl. de ,,1"*,, il* ;;ii;e(l e,rrur eue-TaEe. !r ros $Dh:5rs rule tr fai-e un signe de conven-

iäi; il"&i..'comme re paprermonroie "gne sgns vererr r LRonard

§Thereas this can be seen as a simile vhich closelv resembles tLatdravn 5y Ryle. Lhe tciiral .onparahonrr is of yer a different son in Ro.

. .. I Fq hoß @ thc ldsuace.DoDey lioile ii rhe rcrtB of Bscon Hobb.s, dd

Ljbni2, se Dswl! t1976) ibfo!@lik smdu

cotrurrc&ione. p'-.er.!- ,acte lo .pesso rorato asp?tto dd de,a/. .n,e v-dono , ri l. clt- mri.i, \'o-aa: B0)

Here ue ha,e reaoeJ ihe ke. ;rmulario. rvhicr. male" f: ,r,nenrior ot a(orrerDoncte. ce between .. ..leLL o ,.,rguage,/irgrat.r1o mone!.

As nureri,l. rn,rrurenr. rnC money rne rhrce ,_:r..,u,ion, orconsr,r1 caprrJ. tdng.aee .k1Cu. consr.rure( rt-e poi_r or deparn re toall I!rther linglis.ic aLo . Lrar i.. anr e"pres.ion änd any comnunicaL;on.rhe con§.enr ',Dcr is,ir r jp -J rema,ns,{elers unril , i,jo:nedbya variabte(dp,lsi .r rhe lorn of " l,rcui§,c qork force providerr bl ,,.ip.ut., of

ihL". (o,,rrrunjc,r;on i. po".ible only by mears ot-rhe loLalrrhgrxstrc cap,ral Lolpo"d ol .on"rarr and r.rriabte catiral

, Critici,m o. Rossi Lrndi 5 rpproach. sunn anzeo here onlv rouphlv,way' atm" d. *e e,pressjon " oe .nro ,t"g:istiio " ", g.**Uv ,f," ä"1.,l)hor cal qualr,iec ot mo.r oi ris rerm. In . he , onct, rd ng rcma,ks ro the6sna Lmn,laLio.r at u t..k!,dun ,a.le tat)a,a , ".;" .";;r,; ;",erample.. Sre,nbacher. ,.a12: )ra condudes .har J,r*i"p , D*ri;i

Ecro,.ee- tan$rage "Id Jno .er rvo, lo more I lell be p e.enr lor a marerialil:|:on * ,t appea-s-r.e ro be do-e aw:y wij,. And rn_ c":,". r" r,r_

wi t- Ros.i Landi. crir:cisms as toljows:

. L,.reoria C sugg€iiva. Iaoolo..io lr-molfre, la direzione di taunmrj,*i8,,:':..." d,ce ,- ,1 ,u, o r'",ii, r,. -"J"*'q,,.i'r.iL:,'irl'l(l{ossi-L,ndi 1972d 299 t

Of.coone Rorsi.Landi reperredll poinred ouL rl»r he ws5 ior de,t nDq,rh.an rnalogv bu- rar\er rt" homo,ogy of prod,:cLion _ .. l.najoptr ideu uno rl duer t.omolog.a ä riconducimento del duecx uno - (1e72a. 2,)t). Srjt'. he himsell did indirecrly give rise ro laLermisr:nderstardings h as much xs he leferred, in .J.äo;"" *iil,-ti*i,rrodmrion,of Lhe erp.exlor ,. deraro linSuiq;co,, ro rcpresenrarives oI

::.. ]::s ""d,",.:, ol co,npar:ns Lnsuase and mone,, in ordir Lo iuslif), rhe

surngeness o, hr\ percDe-riJ, on flnguJge r/elarr.

-^_-1"1,* ',:.1.d.:,, b) rejerüDs Ry,e\ view r" Cone it capirale sra at

1"11ili::.-'r Ia linsua sl, ai partr.e ) rRosd.Landi tsl)a: be)) as ^nercantü_sric DosjljoD. he firs! poiars ro Fr6ncis B&o1 ard Lhe teqlrrreonsr 6runo Leooi .Ros,i Landi t9lla: 80,. Lhen ro Horace. Barin

H:i:l *,;u",",. B. Leo,rj, sauxure, -d ,h; i;.;h-]i;;;;ä;:jJean-r,erre r-ave jnd Jean-Lo,.is Baud.v .Rossi-Landi teTlaj 240). Then

Il,

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bett Souü, _Richard Chevenir lrench (cf. Aarsleff 1967: 23lf), as \i'ellas M. Brdal (1879r Aarslelf 1e82: t07f). Äs did Rossl-Ladi tinseu(1973a 240;197r: 150), §,e, roo, can here asume rhat Saussure,s similesrt the tdue of sisns virl e.onorlic vatue are alLeady Lnorvn.

- ln rhe r,,k o qe , ,-,..r o ..o ople, cn,i o.iolog, t. .ö-nc.,Sqo/1s00: r'4.t': r.0§. to. . r.e ..jo de.a e,l e\,ro,iion o an rnJ-' gy lrr"er., . , drr"rerL ,.: .d ol rone; ouhe o"e . J"d ,.p-"r.r;i;g

rt u'erdnL '.rme.rges u rore . r l.elop- , "n..ix Ing:Jsri. s.age.

11 ."eor Fr t.-n,r Iro.. ..-.!'1:.-.r,. _ too..-r,c onl .oillu,rJ.e;hen:t kinds of Jourdation for rhe sisn ftdriü re)ationsh-ip postulared byTönnies (cL Schmitz res6), B. leodr an,i"ty, v.hi.h is 4ven pantcula'rrLren,onbl Ro,-i rad..de"t r irr. "n :retv diffe.en ,,p..i. t_"oni roo:,"r7J,.o"p.re" .-p.i-- ,,.r . rge er.rl .v hno ev;.ge ":at ee-nds core'oo-der. -, Jrrh r.. oe .eo, ; cd irro rwo gr.,p..-A, **,"ireLaro.. o- ooe»rion: berccc ype. ol roney bJongrg ro are-enrr.mc. ard.o,, ,r:e corr .po,d ro +r ",t eaio" or oper"tions be,eenl "gu.rge. f 'om d,,rePr L r:e rnJ :t .e,. , ß. Se\ c,"1 oo;.rüon" fa. lirlreJD)'vi]rh r a ro.]e -i\ - .r"m cor .. ord :o .e\e r! opcrr;on. t,,( liratcdLylwithin a language. (A) nrcludes: multnude oI cuLre;cies/languages; dit-[.,e..e. or nb.e:i:t" ..J ,n,1r t h- .:sn: drer:.ri^ ": ;.,,rc'"un -:e.: ru r:i e\.h.,"c.,bc r j..tr ,b-e. pj ,n"t_de.: (oDvefla.

!;ri,y q'h:n h- s..er,po(,:o:t y o rra,sljLi.g cliffe-,r u.,,: pos,i

b'lLL' ot col,n-erleir;nslde..ep on: Do.-ibir.rJ ot prod-crg and i,rroJ cingncv pieces of money or units ol currency/signs or combinations of signs."

11,h.rgh, ^ rve shalt soon see, Leoni,s arulogy possesses a certäinresemblance o'he co.re po d--ce. cI un b1 Ro*J.rrdi be.ween monevrrJ l:ngr,-ge rya.\o,.L.C.,de.:rti gL. .o.. doe< not be,orsro_,he |l dir:on of rhe ,o,nil ar ) ngrage no,re, f;g,,". t. -1 .. r..p..., ti,relere1(c ro hi. rr,drror d;o..arl:e, roFterm rh,n good ro hi, owninientions, {or it 1ed the reader to ässocixte a heterogeneous mass ofimages and similes having one tLing only ir common rvith Rossi I_andi,sef{orts, namell,r they are exprcxions and eviclence oI rhe impossibility oI anatural language §'itholrt any metaphors.

. Tle diversity of the tradjtion of the JangLrage-money figure is evidentnon ,he few :ndirr:o i. co r-air-d i, Lh- q ,o;, ,;-. and I otis . ir-d ,bove.\ . onJ :. rhe -4. L..t oqpara-.L\t .ro(en ,er. oile.en,, b r ?l.othe reiDec.iv^ fr n.tio. or rr.e ,'rn:le o. ,-rCe aries prrcri,alh fLorauthor to author. And it certainly does

"ot am.r,nt sol.lv and consistentlv.

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as supposed by AarslefI (1932: 107) to characredzins rr.,ords rs arbitr,rrr., ., cf aso ikral Lo o.. ir.i,,.,.pporel b. .. ,,r. .",mpe "iciri.§ of any and all rvord,money similes. Lady \ifelby (1901) aflJ KcrlBiihler (1978: JTff), for example, trse their positions on dre essentialc-haracterjstics of concrere, spoken words (signs) ar rhe level of specch acts,vherers the äuihors rhey take eacepion ro fEquendy lnclude th; lingujsric,ign il1 their sirnile as an el.-nent ol « largue » in Saussure,s sense.

This leads us ro another espe.r ot üc heterogeneity of rhe rrdidonin question. The nature and interpretarion of metaphors, similes, or analogjes,re dependellt on Loth thc sign concepr.Dd rhe monctäry rLeoLy ofLhe respective author.

Rossi l"andi stands oxrsid. thc t dirion primarilv because he is not.o:c"1rd u i.l- . re rpFor " . rple sin e an:rra,gv.o,reranire-ri..bL:t lvith a homolosy, and in fact, according to his ctalüs, a homotogy oIproduction. Pointing out correspondences betrveen money and lanluage(lirJrr) js secondary, nameiv a resnlt ol applying the entire bodv ofn-.ep-s l-or iVarr's hporv or --rerr.'pr d.c.:on and ol ,"e m.,rker rr

1,xng'r.ge llilNg"dLgia)- 'l'Lis is in turn connected to a second mediaLion ofüe langnage,moncy correspondences. Langia,te \lingut) is at liistunderstood as corres!,onding ro constant c,tDjtnl As a consequence, a mon,erary character must te ,ttliLured tc i!, but, more specificallv, a monetary

atbq. thtn. ". n,Te'v ,n adoir o- oi chr].F-orbc,ndr1]aterial and instrument. All of this sharply distinguishes RossiLandi'i« denaro Linguisrico » Iron tLe onesided aud theoredcatty isolaterl tigureof speech in the radition teferred to.

Y/hen iesting the existeace in fact of the posrulated homology, Rossi-I-andi's critics seem io me not to have reolized t\vo rhings. Fo. one, « dena-rd linsuistico » strhds onty for langlage (ltrsra) in a certain respect, namelythe extenr to which it is a means of universal orchange in some conmufii-cation proceoses, As a result, «deraro linguisiico», in rhe crse of I socictywith a pure bartering economy, trhes on the modified meaning of < part ofconstant capitäl in the form of 'vealth' (inherited), ,patrinony,, or ,accu-

mulated riches'» (cf. Rolsi Landi 197ra: 225). And secondly:

. L'rceotonarerto del residuo corForal€ delle Eerci ö stato xn, .ondi-zione eseüiale per potede consiclerare come messassi. Questo significa cLe,p-cedirro a (ar valer. r can po rt ba .n-,ile.,:;ori *gftle rcnr.-b,irrarredal lirg.a1g, delle Äe,.:. r oL -r, c\- e.rltJ...;ron,mmroe Eiä l6tta: esso prccede, e deve precedere, 1a nuova applica:ione- Rile.

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."6nico."o I "m r Jcl to.,.rto economico sje,fi.äp-escrndere d. a,ri "roi -o{ i. _,*". ,r ..;r" a"rrr ä".,,i'i#'iiqueuc srur re nr (onljs,rano: "ppti(are q, e e srrrtrure.lr;ve sieniti.adverne sra pßn§(o, i ßo..iL idi t1-la: l_o,

TJru. iL h noL. -o be erpected Lhr, ringurs.ic money posseqs all rhecnarrclensucs whiLh o.he,wise perLa n ro n,uD().

So u.har dre, tor Ro\hi.Lrnd: rne co,respoadence. be,ween larsuapc, ! n ßua ) aad ff o,ey ? Lor r e,pondi ns on F. .,ä .ai;;;,;;' ;;;;,"";f; :k,r oar al other nare. are bough. J"J.old $iLh mone! are: 1r everyrangua8e bhows mic,o.Jopicatl) drar ir rs a medium oi uriversat exchan*lb)

_thr wealrh ljnheriLance) ol lrneuoge :. ulir ersally and necessartly preslni

wnhrD elrery Ung_is,i. ,ommur'v: r, m.*ase, which have ;rlue !ree:tan€ed abour.nd by me,n. oL.rnsua8e: d,linguisric money is a generatequlvarenr ro all poxibte comnurjcation pro.esses in rhe senr Lhai iL r+öu aLes them " rnd esrabl:,hes rhe bo-rdarie. or ,her all: er some linguis-rrc wlues aLrain Lhe positior rnd Iun.tion ,f pririteged *"., *tj.f "*d;reoly exchangeabte ar lea,r wirh ros ma;o.iti ot oi.er s."d, (";;;jdctL, apDunro d: v,lore .. , uro e,i"rer/iate del veLbo ;jrrre.: i1973:2421),

-.The, exchange of one or r\,!.o meanings in dircct form wouldcorrespond ro barLer. The r.anJorrarj* e".d.-;,"*v-r""a. -*.",",i1ro tne r'ngu,§u. erchange. $ hu,e imediac) j" brc,(ei b, rhe p*manence(oral or wrirten rixar on and pa.sing Jownr of rhe worjr jn ri. t ne,ar.

noney exi,.. in .t,e pernanence or .o,ds. u,hi.ripi.ceder every communicariotr orö.eq§

, , )I the concepr or Lngui"r:c need i, inrroduced also, more comolex

lliii * .:',*,p:"4*.e. berweer language rtusuat a:Ld.on.y u,i_.,whrch r(ossr-L,ndi sunrmarrsed x follows

. ll dmaro lingtisri.o i qr-t a,p. r o d"it, tine.,, che p.,me1e dj comuD!if.":"ll "il,,l9 " .a(t€ ,t di ruo,i Je bno;ri cre; r*_,*,.ir"-.u,Lu-uua oNß.oie dd, h,oro e , he J i pron\ ole que o ripo oi (oDLD

lo $illt io d, ,, rum.ro indre,Dir ;Lo di bisosnirr.sr ß'rcr \emp. e piu conp,kari e jn E. J, p!, re,rdric:,Ij, . lq^;;,'i4"i

-o,"r,-::.1*. :,, Lhese cunespondmrcs Letween money cnd lJnguase't|,1eua) telnah rarher r.rgr.e cnd Lo rer.-llglvn. Nevcnhete;.. rhev de{;ir;,Indrete thar. Und ol Jev.lopmenr Rossi-Landi prot ably would havlundenaken when workirp on thL m Ar anv rare, rhey a,e _".e _.pl* ,nd

far-reaching than other familiar usages of the laaguage-money figute ofspeech.

Appar€nü in reaction to his crirics, in 1971, Rossilandi wrote anessay entitled « Sul denaro linguistico » (Rossilandi t9g5t tL5.t36j, inwhich he exhaustively discussed rhe problem oI the metaphorical naiurcoi his term. in ir, hc admits rhat his use of dre rerms « denaro » and « lin-guistico » is not liteul, nor is it meant to be. But his use is also not « {an-tniosame-re meraforio . ,tq8i . i5,. ApparenL'v Ros.:-Land r - de.lrrolinguisrko , reieß ro a ne-zphorc .oncep- n the sense desffibed b1Lakolf ard Johrson , c80] Tqnr i<. monel po-e.se. a nurrber or arrribureswhich o.cr-r o:aide rle bo_ndrnes o he reatm viLhir w\ich rhe term« money » is used in the usual sense. The ensemble ol ali such aufibuteshe calls « money ». lle does this, fot one thilg, to poinr out the unive$aljtyof money and the power of its dominance, anä, Ioi another, ro d;scover theattributes in otler reaims, thar fit berrer hto his own or ihe conventionalrealm of money (cL 1985: 116). In rhs sense, speaking of « denaro lingui,s.ico - m(ans ro dJav anenr;ol ro rhe a:pecrs ,.d aLrributes in rte .iin.guaggio verbale " whrch we orherwi:c xso.i;.e exclusivety rirh.nonei inthe narower sense of the term.

Äll oI this naturalJy applies to üe other terms taken from Marxiantheoru wh:ch Rossi.Lai di applie( to t.iL_age i4stasgio.. How ..)utd i,be äny other vavT lndeed. .h;s is a ncces.ary,r,rbuii of anu srremp, routrcover or prove rhe existence of a homology. One need only corxiderthe writings of l,evi Sr.auss from this ansle.

OI cour,e. on rhe other hand. rhe i;pt,c:r .rsu.r|entarive vajue or anaccusaxor\. thaL renzio rcrns u"ed b1 an rLrLhor are meLaphoro musL beque5rjoled. Sjnce rh.s reproach atso inplie. rhar rerms shäulo never bemetaoloric 5uL .fiould rurhe. ,lwrvs be .Ii erat -. ir only,rakel s"n.e itit can also be demonstrated that a scientific tanguage rvhicL is ltee of allmetaphor is possibie, regardless of the sciencei rispective object. This,hovever, is not possible, ald Rosilandi is -","., i" "*pt

o,i,ing ,tu,,apaft from v€ry limited protocol languages in rhe neo-positivisticiense,

. f...1 Ia totäle letreralirä e un mito fitosofico appticato al linguaggio. Nes-sr,ro puö arrogarsi i1 dirirto di accusare dj me;foriciti chi Ä,li"ai,ia.?le D,.o. p:ü ?d-c,th-lre d.r f" *-* d.' ji"8"rai., i;";,;;;;.i:ü *" -" ,-,. ue,o .om" ü8.-e".o di ,1o... . . Ros\i.T an,ri ro8(

Of course, the negarive argummt that completely literal language is a

i-9

rrll,th cen oü be made ro ),i€Id {uther jnsighr jnLo thc naturc ol natLrtallanguages if we - unlilce {ossi Landi atrempr ro give ir a posirive Ior,rnulation. One {inds a pertinert semiotlc,linguiiric nolion in

" numbet ofürthors frorn as early as tirc 17ü and 18ih ccnturies_ It is the conceptcf a thoroughly ropi.al narre of narural ianguages such thrt the fr:ndaoe'n,tal lexico semantic relatjonships are seen to be eqr:ilalent ro tLose \rrhich areuc,unoo,-d r.h, ",uC, of rrop- o 1.e." se _e.koned jr j pq J{ rrc.or.,Ji . )(l,r1,r raSq To .l ;. !". ,. , : U.S. .. i. ro, cnorph ro rcal:.r . r . l e:br z pu. ir. r ,e . r . oo "nd ..su"t,"sr,irg..,omuop;cal:oor b it I )dd o .o .,".r ,. I o. r.s,jnp ,,ep r^.co _opical

. opc o or.L ol - .J,, I h",- ,.ce be.ojne texLcr,m rsl be accounr.J fo,

I -, ."..o.li. . ,\. r) . .onr-in,.rS ner"p)ro,, orerlool,, r cflopc' I.,.. o, ",. ,"1 l"n" ,_t.r ot rhe u-cfulne,- forullocl i-c

. ,t ds.. I . r,no .,,i\. p^! e, qi ..r. , -e.afhor c,r ,n,ea;h'' S.lon tq - . t, . o .,,p,i,ne r "erapho-. Lar p.o/:d< rh:"lr-oior ,no t.ov. Jom r..rn,scp. I orun,one uho.eat * harrFe ne! n prrpl o . .: e .cr ,pr-:"on no- an a_oreviarcdcompaisor, br:r a formutation of the corclusion o[ an abduction (cf. Schmitzl085: 2(r0. \c:r r',;. ir n ino. , .o tC

,re I a1e po,1! ro inqrire nor. n-ly nro rl.t ,.esrior wt." -r r,.e t-o-nolo_ po"-uJsred Dy Ro;i-t andi/r'urll. -\i('s b-, asoql., r,w n. i.r " 1n6,..;o,,.;"sighrs Rossi-tan.d r."... ,\.id.c s !. o ,.i , ,' o, , cnolop. .r;,o.iu,,ion. r^answerjng this questjorr, \,e encornLer several intereidng discoveties. Fot-"ide hon tov. ,hp i .-!Le. . n . n.re el qo,.i.ir., rr , n. s er.e ot 1 q,,:ld irie. I- ,,roecd r,,d . .,r oore e.re odotogicJ e derisdfrcrnte "rRossilandi te7 )at 192\

BLlt let !s renün 1() Ross;Laidi. )n the Lnquage of science. we cannot'e.bv "il- neraolo. e.oc.:: r rte.cre.,tj-s ru:-h l-- to n,rt.:rior.r l.onob-ia: bu|l, i re,...e. . . a. po-, I :dr poi-rs. - -eiLher fr^-

rt-c ohli"ario, .o I rL- .1 . ru :ve no- rr^m rLe .e c(qry warinesq ofrl'"..or'" rl)Fudo-lL-rd ^ri, dp r.aor;.. ,Iq85. I|8r. BuL vhere i\ rhe

i::,. ?r,,:" o, :. en.iri ,ro .-" i-e.§ Fel he e*r.ere - ra_.rüAo'hrnap,4.i,,'nr. ,,Fd u,o nd:..rn",ro deil immagi-az:o-et -. I"rl.re a bord:.|"-C l*\Fpn ey,-.:.e er.,plor.,,,d eyce5,ive ti,e,aln6s?/ro.''.l..dj a.'.ucr.5 h.s J ".. o , ,L r'rri.r. icorr,nued nerrir.crc":

.o,ob1." ".r." .",."r .-:-r","costiui"s! ]i Nij, e tuttc d ono .o.t"nt"mint" porsi ;roblema dell,

.or. r."l.ir;. i- lJ.1 io s'C.\-s.-'.., d.r.,. eii .i\r d: Drinc;oi.e nrepli" u: a ":.u, . .. ir. jl J . mpr-forn; i .o-, la ,," ':".t1 - lt"' r e.rr.so dr '- r'l ä 'o l: r i. ..r1.'D,' -e rr;/:oni .ti ordo c.cx'a n.,aGsra c e I- .,..:: ,,o. 'ti ,r, ,6i-..e-r :d dpgi rg:re cle og,istoe der. ."1 e ."F, Lo.,!i'.o n-.r d:reziore ai .*,i," s .,3:.!fa e "aola. /,r., " s.\ t.,....,8 .tq.

RXFERNNCES

1967 'lbe §"dr of lzn&dAe ii Ekzld»d, 178a786a, prirceton, N.J.: plincetonUnivesiry Pr€s.

\982 Ftu,1 Lo.ke to jdr$are E$ay an the sttdt al ldissd|e d"d iatelkcttdt,,rblr, Mirheapolis, Untv_ of. Mjrhsoia pics

\86,1-74 Tb. b.tü! al Ft.".i, Er.o,, edired by J. Speddnrs. R. L. nllis and D.D_Heath, London: Lonsna. and Co.

BotuId, InuilcabrielAdbroise de.1E17 Gsislatio" pinitire, ) tones, Patis.

B:d.I, Michel1579 ( La scien.e d! llhs.se», Retß yiettil4 e de td Ftdtlcc et de |&tdneü,

2, ser.,8, 100)-1011.tsühld, KdI

1918 Sprdchtheafie- Die Datste "rylaflktian

det Sptt e, Mtt einen c€tejtvortvon Fri.d.ich Kanrz, Frankfu.r/Berltn/\ri/ie,: U[stein

1976 « Lüsuasc and Eoncr.. A simile and its mcanins jI 17rh cenruryphilosophy of lan8la8e », .tr dia lzibiitidna 8 l2), ß7-218.

tlobbcs, ThonßtBJ9'4t The Eillin) batk! aj fhorla! Hobbes, edited by Sir tiqi am Molesvortr,

löndo!: Bonnr,.koli, Geo.se e Johnson, Marh

1930 ct.pbaß tue lire bt Cht!: ao/Inndan: Thc unilehir, of cLK,go

1962 ? Olblieo e pretek "el]!

doglatica, ndla t3oria seidale e nelta rlosorädel dtino », St"di in o"are di Ektilio B4ti. Val. I: Metad.)tolia, Ehre-neetica, Probleari reherali, Milana: ci!flr!, 54tJ67.

80

Rosi-lnndi, Fdruccio1968 ll l,iastasßio ca»e latula e cohe hetdto, Milano; Bompiei.1972. Sehiatia e id.ologid lUoM e societe 21), Milano: Bon?ioi.1912b S ptiche ak bbeit

"nd alr ,,rturlr, Mit €ineE Nacbvort von Karl Steiab.cher

(R€ihe Hanser l0r), Mnncto: Cdl llonser197)n Il lhsadsEio .one ldrota e cade dicdta,2' .&zione rjveduia e {Eptiat!,

MiLnor Boopiani.t97)b Didlektik ukd Entlrendu"Z in de/ Sp@he, Zwei Beirräse. Als ded

ftalieniscltn von Ärrc \0idmann, Frsnkturri Makot.1r7, LinE istns dad edororr.r The Hreue/Pdis, Mtutor.1976 Seniotik, A h.tik and ldeala4ie, t) BeittuBe, Aus dm Ilalienischen

vor Bnrkhrx Krebq (Reihe ltanser 22r), Müehen: Cdl Hanser.\985 Netadica tlolot.a e yiehzd dei kgni, Milana: Bonpi^nl

198, Die du.chgängise Tropisierun& der Slrache. übef einen r{§pskt rcn'Zeichen im \lv'ändel', in, Dutz, Klans D./Schrdft.r, pd€r (eds.):Histarioe/dpbia Seniotk'. Studien zu Rckörntukra, det Thearie lndGilcbhhte d* Jdur,r,t (paphaks 18), Miinster: Mak publicationeh,24! 274.

19E6 « Sind Vorte für bare Münz z! nelhd? Ferdlnand Tönries üb{ Geldäls Zeich€n ünd ejchen 6k wette », Kodikas/Cade 9 lt/2), t 7.154.

\967 In"ertiah and lhe e,ohtion ol idea!, Lndor: Seial Sciene ?apebeLs/Tevilrdk.

1972 ? Nrahrcrr », Rosilddi, Ferru.cio S?tdche dlt Arbeit , d alj Ma*t(Reile Hahser 105), Münche!: Carl }lan'€,20t.227.

1899/1900 « Philosophi.rl reminology » (L"IIL). (Welby Prizt Elray, !r.n5ratd by Mß.8. Rosznqrer), lüibd, N. S. 8/9 (l1"rr), 2A9,332, 467-49t,

1906 Philolopbi!.he Ter iralaEie in pircbolo,ischroliolozirher Aiti.bt,Leipzis: T!. Thoü.s.

1901 «NoF. otr üc \fl.lby Prize Esssy », lli"d, N.S. 10 (r8), 188-204, 209.

M, PROTACORAdyi.rr di tilorofir 6 duttula tondara dä Bruro Wi.lma!

anoo xxvll gedDaio.dicerEbt6 1907

PerFerruceio Rossi - Landi

a crra &Susar Petrilli

IV serie 11.12

SAGGI E RICERCHF,

5.

' :'s.l " I..:l'. , ,nende derrbenre coues,E .r. p,«edenre (oltäna dei:::ry,] : d: ".rr

prorago,a. e sj propone d; o6üe ,rjt"-,i.* ao r.,,.,ie de3rr $rd,osi !m sqie di colEiburi snici rmonogtu6e, ,,.*t"--.r"r"r,.,r,$esne bibtiosrdfiche. m.) ru Au,ori e ildnizi deua ..,r** or*.n""- Ä"1d.m.. oreopqos. La colled g. pane inLeglere del. tuvirt. e oft, m".nDnrc che v, cohpde n. solritti*e uDo o piü f.sci@I

FELICE ACC NE, ANGELA BIANCOFIORE, MASSIMO A, 3ONF,{NIINI,SlLvlO CECCATO, UMBERTO ECO, PAOLO FACCEI, Ill\,OS KET"EI/EN,RON,{ÄNO IUPtrRlNI, GIU.'EPPE fiININNI, JUSI}I PETR]III, ,4UGU.'IOPONZIO, ROLAND POSNER, THOIIAS A, SEBEOK, GIUSBPPE SE4[ER}?J,TATIANA SLAÄIA.CAZACU, VITTORIO SONENZI, H VAT:TER SCHATM,,|'ÜLLIO

TENTORI. TERRY THREADGOID,

Per

Ferruccio Rossi - Landia cura di

Susan Petrilli

Il Protagora - Saggi e Ricerche

S. Penlli, Isrtod*iolte pas. zpARIl.fI]:M4 srrrDl DfDrcArL AL pt\slfRo Dr FERRUCCTO ROSST -I.{NDI., cu,a di S. perilli

.

U . Eco, V hateoer Lata Va,ß. Rile tro di zto ritert,tu . , I 3

^ ,:l::._q:1" e A. Ponzio. tt nercda odatoci.o: Roni.ra di e

l- Ke'emm. Ecannia e tiaytaggio net nel,ierc di Feft,ccio RotriLArdt

Tr,. A. Sebeok) Mestasli at xrercato

, Y, !:*i,. ..Linst i"ttc nate! , F. Ro,n.Ladi atut the t/.alfian ol 4 entte .

SoMMARIo

T 1.":ir:19, Rosi-Iandit hisb* diate.ticzt ted. Soqe ob*rua-ohs 01 urerßtk ahenatio4. tetatitit! a4d i.lealaey .

R. Lupe ni, D, Rotti Land; ad Hdbelnds

S. Perülli, contlib{to di Rorsi Ia di dtto srgdio di Cbaies MoftiR, P6net, Pet ,na tpiegazioke seltiorica de d < uttara ,I. Tentojj, S l eorcexo di < tire o eulttlate r'1. Slams,Cazlc!, psiti di in.adla .at td icel.d di Fe/tuccio Ro,ri_

PARTE SECONDA | ( LIBER AMTCORUM,, a sra di ?. Facchi

Tsrimon'an E di: 5. Ceccam, p. Frcchi, c. Senemri, V. SoEcD,i.tr. Accame, A. Poüio. M A. aontnn.tni. C. Ui.;nn; .--- :

APPENDICE

F. Rossi Landi, tn I non -filosofa,

Hanno collaboraro,

:ci{i .dl :ur_tuB Deiodoto8itu-opeEriva, Mileo

U,ivelsitn di Nlpoliistituro Univsirrrio di lir€ü€ Doddne, MileoUniversi!ä di Bologra

Univüsiri di Trist.Univüsitä di Bud.p€st

Universirä di Bdi

Univeisirt di BerlnoUniversiti di Indiea (USA)

Urivesirä di BriUniveshä di Bu.srcsl

25

FELICE ÄCCAMEANGELA BIANCOFIORE,

MASSIMO A, BONFANTINISILVIO CECCATO

UMBER,TO XCOPAOLO FACCHI

JÄNOS KELEMENROM,ANO LU?BRIMGIÜSEPPI MININNISUSSN ?ETRILLN

AUGUSTO PONZIOROLAND POSNER

THOi\.LAS A. SEBEOKGIUSEPPE SNMER.ARITÄTIÄNÄ SLAMÄ.CAZACUVIT"TORIO SOMXT\ZIH. VAITER scIü\4ITzTULLIO TH{TORITERRY fiIRXADGOLD

,59

69

8I

99

I05

ltt135

, 147

, I )-9

r l9lSüifti d, F. Ro$i kndi