communication safety management systems. introduction sms subsystems what are systems? ...

Communication Safety Communication Safety Management SystemsManagement Systems

IntroductionIntroduction

SMS SMS SubsystemsSubsystems

What are Systems?What are Systems?

ConclusionsConclusions

Safety Management Systems Safety Management Systems (SMS)(SMS)

Communication Safety Management Communication Safety Management Systems ImplementationSystems Implementation

Man-Machine Man-Machine InteractionInteraction

Decision Decision Making Making ProcessProcess

Whole Whole OptimizationOptimization

Reliable Reliable InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology



What are What are systems?systems?

Post-Industrial Society Post-Industrial Society

Not only to organize, but to produce with Not only to organize, but to produce with efficiencyefficiency

How to organize for making decisions or information How to organize for making decisions or information processprocess



InputInput

Conversion Conversion mechanismmechanism

A set of interconnected parts or “any conceptual A set of interconnected parts or “any conceptual or physical entity composed by interrelated, or physical entity composed by interrelated, interactive or interdependent parts”interactive or interdependent parts”

What are What are Systems?Systems?


OutputOutput

co

InputInput Demands, Requests, Demands, Requests, Requirements/Needs Requirements/Needs

ProcessProcess System (own)System (own)

OutputOutputPolitical decisions, Guidance, Political decisions, Guidance, Goods/Services, Generated Goods/Services, Generated

strategies, Alternatives, etc.strategies, Alternatives, etc.


What are What are Systems?Systems?

co

OutputOutputInputInput ProcessProcess

ConstraintConstraintControlControl

FeedbackFeedback

EnvironmentEnvironment

ProblemProblem

InformationInformation

Resou

rce

Resou

rce

ssO

bje

ctiv

eO

bje

ctiv

ess

FIL

TE

RF

ILT

ER


What are Systems?What are Systems?

SMSSMS

Requirement for any modern Requirement for any modern businessbusiness

co



It consists in a set of coherent policies (integrated and documented), procedures and practices for effectively managing the safe operation of any

business

A complete SMS A complete SMS should:should:

Integrate Integrate security, security,

healthy/labor healthy/labor safety and safety and

safetysafety

Encompass safety Encompass safety issues applicable to issues applicable to the public in general the public in general

and all the people and all the people involved in the involved in the

businessbusiness co



ICAO: SMS is a system for ICAO: SMS is a system for managing aerodrome safety, which managing aerodrome safety, which

should include:should include:

Organizational Organizational structurestructure

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

ProceduresProcedures

ProcessProcess

Provisions Provisions

For For implementing implementing safety policies safety policies by aerodrome by aerodrome

operatorsoperators

co


Safety Management Systems Safety Management Systems StandardStandard

Main objective of a SMS: To comply Main objective of a SMS: To comply with the relevant with the relevant

standards/regulations standards/regulations

Organizational and Organizational and human aspects of human aspects of

an aerodrome an aerodrome operationoperation

The productsThe products

SMS focuses SMS focuses on: on:

Quality systems focus Quality systems focus on: on:

co


Safety Management Systems for Safety Management Systems for Airports Airports

DATA DATA BASEBASE

Initial Initial data data

collectcollect. .

Avail. Avail. datadata

Policy Policy (Philos.)(Philos.)

DefinitioDefinition of n of resp.resp.

ACTIACTIV V

OK?OK?

NONO

Notification for Notification for hazard, risk & hazard, risk & actions takenactions taken

Evaluation of Evaluation of system system

operationoperation

Doc./ Doc./ data data

controcontroll

YESYES

Audit of the Audit of the operation & operation & evaluation evaluation

of of inc./accidentinc./accident

Investigate Investigate & adjust & adjust

activ.activ.

Training/ Training/ QualificatioQualificatio

nn

Risk Risk managemmanagem

..

Environment:Environment:

CSMSCSMS

PolicyPolicyDefin. Defin. of of

responrespons.s.

Risk Risk manag.manag.Inv./Inv./

adjust. adjust. ActivityActivity

TrainingTraining/ /

qualificqualificat. at.

DocumentaDocumentat./ data t./ data controlcontrol

Evaluat. of Evaluat. of system system operat.operat.

Communication Management Systems Communication Management Systems ImplementationImplementation


Notif. for Notif. for hazards, risks, hazards, risks, actions takenactions taken

Operation Operation audit - audit -

accid./incid. accid./incid. Eval.Eval.

PolicyPolicy

ParticipatioParticipation n

Senior Senior managermanager

All the staff All the staff



Set objectives Set objectives

Indicate how to reach Indicate how to reach them them

PolicyPolicy

CEOCEO

Facilitating Facilitating information on safety information on safety

among stavesamong staves

Training for Training for staff/ staff/

contractorscontractors

Adequate Adequate resources to resources to operate the operate the

adme adme



How the senior manager shows commitment with the How the senior manager shows commitment with the SMS SMS

PolicyPolicy

Function of aerodrome sizeFunction of aerodrome size

1 responsible for each area1 responsible for each area

Lighting, maintenance, Lighting, maintenance, contractors, external agents contractors, external agents

(consultants, material (consultants, material providers, stockholders, providers, stockholders,

airlines, etc.)airlines, etc.)



Definition of Definition of responsibilityresponsibility

Safety officer Safety officer

Just one responsible for the Just one responsible for the industryindustry

Most report directly to the Most report directly to the CEOCEO




ComunicationComunication

Safety Safety officerofficer

CEOCEO

ResponsibilityResponsibility



Safety Safety committeecommittee

Function of the aerodrome Function of the aerodrome sizesize

Presided by Presided by the safety the safety

officerofficer

Regular Regular meetingsmeetings




Risk Risk managementmanagement

Identify hazard and Identify hazard and manage/control risksmanage/control risksIdentify hazard and Identify hazard and

manage/control risksmanage/control risks

How?How?



44

33

22

11

PeoplePeople

EquipmenEquipmentsts

ProcedureProceduress




Hazard identificationHazard identification

Example: lack or Example: lack or bad management bad management

of bird/wildlife of bird/wildlife hazardhazard

Well Well defineddefined

SubtleSubtle

Example: Staff Example: Staff without without

experienceexperience





Risk Risk managememanageme

ntnt


Identify Identify hazardhazard

Evaluate Evaluate risk risk

potentialpotential

Judge risks Judge risks tolerability tolerability

Hierarchy of Hierarchy of risks risks

potentialpotential

How to evaluate risks How to evaluate risks potential?potential?

Risk = f(time, cost, difficulty to avoid the Risk = f(time, cost, difficulty to avoid the risks, etc)risks, etc)

RISK = RISK = f(P,S,t)f(P,S,t)

P = probability of occurrence P = probability of occurrence

S = severity of the S = severity of the consequencesconsequences




Hazard identification & risk evaluation are Hazard identification & risk evaluation are not staticnot static

DependDependss

Change in Change in the the

organiz.organiz.

New New equipm. or equipm. or

facilityfacility

Equip. Equip. deactivatedeactivate

dd

New proc. New proc. or proc. or proc. reviewreview PersonnPersonn

el el rotationrotation

LegislatiLegislation on

variationvariation




Should Should never never occuroccur

< 10< 10-9-9

Unlikely Unlikely to occurto occur

1010-7-7 a 10 a 10-9-9

Could Could occur occur some some timetime

1010-5-5 a 10 a 10-7-7

Could Could occur occur frequfrequentlyently

1 a 101 a 10-3-3


QualitativeQualitative

Quantitative: Quantitative: OperationsOperations

Definition Definition

Could Could occur occur

several several timestimes

1010-3-3 a 10 a 10-5-5

Freq.Freq.

Probability of occurrenceProbability of occurrence

Extremely Extremely unlikelyunlikely

Extremely Extremely remoteremote

RemoteRemote ReasonabReasonab. likely. likely

CatastrophCatastrophicic

DangerousDangerous

ModerateModerate

LowLow




Severity Severity (Consequence(Consequence

s)s)

Severity Severity levelslevels




SeveritySeverity

LowLow

ModerateModerate

DangerousDangerous

CatastrophiCatastrophicc

Lack of skillLack of skill

Minor injuryMinor injury

Serious Serious injuryinjuryDeathDeath

InoperabilityInoperability

Partial Partial damagedamageSerious Serious damagedamageUnrec. Unrec. damagedamage

ShortShort

TemporaryTemporary

LongLong

--------

Within the scope of:Within the scope of:

PeoplePeople MaterialMaterial Time of Time of exposureexposure

Catast.Catast.

DangerouDangeroussModerateModerate

LowLowSeveri

tyS

everi

ty

RevisionRevision Unaccept.Unaccept. Unaccep.Unaccep. Unaccep.Unaccep. Unac.Unac.

RevisionRevision RevisionRevision Unaccep.Unaccep. Unaccep.Unaccep. Unac.Unac.

AcceptablAcceptablee

RevisionRevision RevisionRevision RevisionRevision Rev.Rev.

AcceptablAcceptablee

AcceptableAcceptable Accept.Accept. Accept.Accept. Rev.Rev.

Risk analysis matrixRisk analysis matrix




Probability of occurrenceProbability of occurrence

Ext. unlik.Ext. unlik. Freq.Freq.RemoteRemoteExt. Ext. remoteremote

Reas. Reas. lik.lik.

Identify hazardIdentify hazard

Risk is Risk is Toler.?Toler.?

YeYess

Accept riskAccept risk

NONO

Reduce risk to Reduce risk to accep. levelaccep. level

Estimate riskEstimate risk

Check severityCheck severity Check probabilityCheck probability




A. CooperationA. Cooperation

1. 1. Willingness to assist co-workersWillingness to assist co-workers

2. Attitude when work needs to be repeated 2. Attitude when work needs to be repeated

3. Adaptability when schedule must be changed 3. Adaptability when schedule must be changed

4. Willingness to work extra hours 4. Willingness to work extra hours

Comments: Comments:

Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

B. B. Attendance and PunctualityAttendance and Punctuality

1. Promptness at the start of the work day 1. Promptness at the start of the work day

2. Attendance record 2. Attendance record

3. Stays as late as necessary (within reason) to complete 3. Stays as late as necessary (within reason) to complete assignment and/or current activity (not a clock watcher) assignment and/or current activity (not a clock watcher)

Days SickDays Sick

Days TardyDays Tardy

Comments: Comments:



C. InitiativeC. Initiative

1. 1. Sees when something needs to be done and does it Sees when something needs to be done and does it

2. Seeks help when needed 2. Seeks help when needed

3. Demonstrates a "self-starter" attitude 3. Demonstrates a "self-starter" attitude

4. Helps out to achieve the overall goals of the farm 4. Helps out to achieve the overall goals of the farm

5. Makes practical, workable suggestions for improvements 5. Makes practical, workable suggestions for improvements

6. Commitment to self-improvement 6. Commitment to self-improvement

Comments: Comments:


D. DependabilityD. Dependability

1. Can be counted on to carry out assignments with careful follow-through 1. Can be counted on to carry out assignments with careful follow-through and follow-up and follow-up

2. Meets predetermined targets or deadlines 2. Meets predetermined targets or deadlines

3. Can be counted on to overcome obstacles to meet goals 3. Can be counted on to overcome obstacles to meet goals

4. Can be counted on to adapt to changes as necessary 4. Can be counted on to adapt to changes as necessary

5. Can be counted on for consistent performance 5. Can be counted on for consistent performance

6. Is personally accountable for his/her actions 6. Is personally accountable for his/her actions

Comments: Comments:

E. AttitudeE. Attitude

1. Offers assistance willingly 1. Offers assistance willingly

2. Makes a positive contribution to morale 2. Makes a positive contribution to morale

3. Shows sensitivity to and consideration for others' feelings .3. Shows sensitivity to and consideration for others' feelings .

4.4.Accepts constructive criticism positively Accepts constructive criticism positively

4.4.Shows pride in work Shows pride in work

5.5.Comments: Comments:


F. JudgmentF. Judgment

1. Demonstrates good judgment in handling routine problems 1. Demonstrates good judgment in handling routine problems

2. Analyzes decisions before implementing them 2. Analyzes decisions before implementing them

3. Has the ability to work under pressure 3. Has the ability to work under pressure

4. Recognizes deficiencies and seeks help when appropriate 4. Recognizes deficiencies and seeks help when appropriate

Comments: Comments:


G. Specific Job SkillsG. Specific Job Skills

1. Has appropriate knowledge of agriculture as it relates to his/her 1. Has appropriate knowledge of agriculture as it relates to his/her specific jobs ____ specific jobs ____

2. Has appropriate skills in operating farm equipment ____ 2. Has appropriate skills in operating farm equipment ____

3. Has appropriate skills in working with livestock ____ 3. Has appropriate skills in working with livestock ____

4. As new ideas or technologies are introduced, is able to learn 4. As new ideas or technologies are introduced, is able to learn and use them appropriately ____ and use them appropriately ____

5. Other (specify): 5. Other (specify):


H. Communications (Written or Oral)H. Communications (Written or Oral)

1. Keeps farm manager and/or coworkers informed of work progress 1. Keeps farm manager and/or coworkers informed of work progress

2. Reports necessary information to coworkers 2. Reports necessary information to coworkers

3. Keeps and maintains all necessary written information that might be 3. Keeps and maintains all necessary written information that might be required by a specific assignment required by a specific assignment

Comments: Comments:


I. ProductivityI. Productivity

1. Work completion is consistently high ____ 1. Work completion is consistently high ____

2. Can be counted on for overtime or extra ____ effort as needed to 2. Can be counted on for overtime or extra ____ effort as needed to meet the farm's goals ____ meet the farm's goals ____

3. Makes effective use of resources available to accomplish all 3. Makes effective use of resources available to accomplish all assignments, avoiding waste ____ assignments, avoiding waste ____

Comments: Comments:


J. Interpersonal RelationshipsJ. Interpersonal Relationships

1. Maintains a positive relationship with the management team 2. 1. Maintains a positive relationship with the management team 2. Maintains a positive relationship with other workers Maintains a positive relationship with other workers

3. Listens effectively 3. Listens effectively

4. Is a team player and participates with others to accomplish the 4. Is a team player and participates with others to accomplish the task at hand task at hand

Comments: Comments:


K. Organizational SkillsK. Organizational Skills

1. Performs tasks in an organized and efficient manner1. Performs tasks in an organized and efficient manner 2. Handles multiple activities simultaneously 2. Handles multiple activities simultaneously

3. Makes effective use of time (not merely busy) 3. Makes effective use of time (not merely busy)


L. SafetyL. Safety

1. Performs activities in a safe manner ____ 1. Performs activities in a safe manner ____

2. Understands and supports the farm safety 2. Understands and supports the farm safety program/policies ____ program/policies ____

3. Encourages safety of others on a regular basis; 3. Encourages safety of others on a regular basis; recognizes unsafe working conditions; suggests new safety recognizes unsafe working conditions; suggests new safety standards as appropriate ____ standards as appropriate ____


Expected Outcome from Personnel Expected Outcome from Personnel

1.1. What creative contributions (new ideas, procedures, etc.) has the What creative contributions (new ideas, procedures, etc.) has the employee made in the past year?employee made in the past year?

2.2. What new skills has the employee learned or shown What new skills has the employee learned or shown improvement in this year? improvement in this year?

3. What is the employee's greatest strength or area of 3. What is the employee's greatest strength or area of contribution this year? contribution this year?

4. Where could there be improvement in the employee over the 4. Where could there be improvement in the employee over the next year; what specific training should be considered? next year; what specific training should be considered?

5. What changes would the employee like to see in the operation 5. What changes would the employee like to see in the operation next year? next year?

6. What are the employee's personal goals for the next year? 6. What are the employee's personal goals for the next year?

Investigation & adjustment of Investigation & adjustment of activityactivity

““BRAINSTORMINBRAINSTORMING”G”

Standards/procedures formal review: Auditing Standards/procedures formal review: Auditing checking listchecking list

Inquiries/Questionnaires with Inquiries/Questionnaires with staffstaff

Safety evaluation, External/internal technical Safety evaluation, External/internal technical inspectionsinspections

System of confidential System of confidential reportsreports



HighHigh

LowLow

HighHigh

LowLow

RiskRiskProbab.Probab. SeveritySeverity



Investigation & adjustment of Investigation & adjustment of activityactivity

Insig. Insig. riskrisk

Reg. Reg. accept.accept.

Reg. Reg. tolerab.tolerab.

Unacceptable Unacceptable riskrisk

Training/Training/QualificationQualification

SMS is responsible for:SMS is responsible for:

Training/Qualification Training/Qualification frequency frequency New employeesNew employees

knowledge of the documentsknowledge of the documents

Introduction of new Introduction of new technologies/equipmentstechnologies/equipments

Each one´s roleEach one´s role

Minimum Minimum curriculumcurriculum



Documentation/Data Documentation/Data controlcontrol

DOCSDOCSDOCSDOCS

DOCSDOCSDOCSDOCSLarge Large aerodromesaerodromes

Independent Independent SMSSMS



Small Small aerodromesaerodromes

In the aerodrome In the aerodrome manualmanual

Update/distribute Update/distribute documentsdocuments

should clearly indicate how the manual is should clearly indicate how the manual is updated in accordance with the variation of updated in accordance with the variation of

the regulationsthe regulations

Reliable process forReliable process for

Registration of: audit, Registration of: audit, technical inspections technical inspections & special information& special information

Easy recuperation Easy recuperation of this informationof this information



Documentation/Data Documentation/Data controlcontrol

SMS needs continuous SMS needs continuous informationinformation

REPORTSREPORTS

ImpartiImpartialal

ConfidentiConfidentialal

Easy Easy useuse

SimplSimplee



Notification of hazards, risks & actions Notification of hazards, risks & actions takentaken

Safety audit - Accident/incident Safety audit - Accident/incident evaluationevaluation

AUDITAUDIT

ContractorsContractors

Accid./Accid./incid.incid.

ConsultantConsultantss

ProceduresProcedures



System operation System operation evaluationevaluation

EvaluatedEvaluatedRevisedRevised

SMS be SMS be regularlyregularly

CEO must assure thatCEO must assure that



Regular, structured and Regular, structured and systematic revisionssystematic revisions

SMS effectiviness is evaluated SMS effectiviness is evaluated by:by:

Communication Management Systems Communication Management Systems ImplementationImplementation






Perf

orm

an

ce

Perf

orm

an

ce

(ach

ievem

en

ts(a

ch

ievem

en

ts))

Upward Upward trendtrend

Constant Constant trend trend Downward Downward trend trend

Time Time

What are What are systemssystemsWhole Whole optimizationoptimizationImput, process, Imput, process, outputoutputSMS: safety, security, labor & health SMS: safety, security, labor & health safetysafetySMS sub-systemsSMS sub-systems



Safety officer <> CEOSafety officer <> CEO

Policy/philosophy: objectives and how to Policy/philosophy: objectives and how to reach themreach them

Risk = f(P,S)Risk = f(P,S)

SMS responsible: aerodrome SMS responsible: aerodrome CEO CEO Participation: high managers/all Participation: high managers/all staffstaff

Adjust risk to tolerable Adjust risk to tolerable levellevel



communication safety management systems. introduction sms subsystems what are systems? ...

Documents

aerodrome safety

healthylabor safety

airports data baseinitial

data controlyesaudit

work day

processq introductionqwhat

risks potential

operation evaluation