cells are like cities because they have many parts that allow them function efficiently
TRANSCRIPT
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CELLULAR STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Cells are like cities because they have many parts that allow them function efficiently.
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WHAT IS AN ORGANELLE?
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions
“little organ”
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CELL WALL Type of Cell:
All except animal Structure:
Rigid outer layer of cell.
Slightly different composition for different types of cells
Function: Support Protection
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CELL MEMBRANE Type of Cells:
All cells Structure:
Lipid bi-layer Thin, flexible
Function: Control movement in and
out of cell Selectively permeable –
only let certain substances in and out of the cell
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CYTOPLASM
Types of Cells: All cells
Structure: Clear, thick jelly-like
material
Function: Support cellular
organelles
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NUCLEUS Types of Cells:
Eukaryotic Cells (Plant, Animal, Fungi,
Protist) Structure:
Large, oval shape Near center Double membrane with
nuclear pores (holes)
Function: Contains and protects
DNA (genetic information)
Controls the cell
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONTROL MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF THE CELL?
A. NucleusB. Cell wallC. Cell membraneD. Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
0% 0%0%0%
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS DO NOT HAVE A CELL WALL?
A. AnimalB. PlantC. BacteriaD. Fungi
Animal
Plant
Bacteria
Fungi
0% 0%0%0%
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE FOUND IN ALL CELLS THAT SUPPORTS ORGANELLES?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Cell membrane2. Nucleus3. Cytoplasm4. Cell wall
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WHAT ORGANELLE IS THIS?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Cell membrane2. Cytoplasm3. Nucleus4. Ribosome
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DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) Types of Cells:
All cells Inside nucleus in
eukaryotic cells or in middle of prokaryotic cells
Structure: Double helix of nucleic
acids DNA is coiled to form chromatin and wound up even more into organized packages of DNA called chromosomes
Function: Genetic information
(“blue- print of life”) Contains the code for
making proteins
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NUCLEOLUS
Types of Cells: Eukaryotic (plant,
animal, fungi, protist)
Structure: Small round
structure inside the nucleus
Function: Makes ribosomes
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DNA IS LOCATED IN WHAT KIND OF CELLS?
1. Plant2. Animal 3. Bacteria4. All of the above
Plant
Animal
Bacteria
All of t
he above
0% 0%0%0%
0
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THE CLEAR, JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP THE CONTENTS OF THE CELL BETWEEN THE CELL MEMBRANE AND THE NUCLEUS IS CALLED?1. Chloroplast2. Vesicle3. Cell wall4. Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Vesicle
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
0% 0%0%0%
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VACUOLE
Types of Cells: Eukaryotic (plant,
animal, fungi, protist)
Structure: Fluid-filled sacs Larger in plants
Function: Stores waste, food,
water for later use
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VACUOLE?
1. Transport materials
2. Control the cell3. Store water and
nutrients4. Protect the cell
Transp
ort mate
rials
Control th
e cell
Store
wate
r and nutri
ents
Protect
the ce
ll
0% 0%0%0%
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CYTOSKELETON
Microtubules &Microfilaments
A network of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
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MICROFILAMENTS Types of Cells:
All Cells Structure:
Twisted chain of proteins
Thinnest protein fibers in the cell
Function: Help maintain shape
and supports the cell cause cytoplasmic
streaming in plant cells
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MICROTUBULES Types of Cells:
Eukaryotic Structure
Hollow tubes made of Protein
Function Facilitate the
movement of vesicles
Motor proteins
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WHICH ORGANELLE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEANING UP THE CELL AND DIGESTING OLD DEAD CELL PARTS?
1. Rough ER2. Smooth ER3. Cytoplasm4. Lysosome
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Cytoplasm
Lyso
some
0% 0%0%0%
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FLAGELLA?
1. Digestion of food
2. Movement of cell
3. makes lipids4. Contains DNA
Digestion of f
ood
Move
ment of c
ell
makes lipids
Contains DNA
0% 0%0%0%
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RIBOSOME “I LOVE RIBOSOMES!!!” Types of Cells:
All Cells Structure:
Small organelles made of RNA and protein
No membrane Floating free in the
cytoplasm or attached to Rough ER
Function: Help make
proteins
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Type of Cells: Eukaryotic (plant,
animal, fungi, protist) Structure:
Network of folded tubes or membranes
ROUGH ER: Ribosomes attached
SMOOTH ER: Nothing attached
Function: Rough ER: help
make proteins Smooth ER: makes
lipids (AKA FATS) Modify and
transports materials (proteins or lipids)
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VESICLE
Types of Cells: Eukaryotic (plant,
animal, fungi, protist)
Structure: membranous sac
Function: transport of
materials made by the cell (lipids and proteins)
Secrete materials to the outside of the cell
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GOLGI APPARATUS
Location: Eukaryotic (plant,
animal, fungi, protist)
Structure: Flattened
membranous sacs (like a stack of pancakes)
Function: Package and
distribute materials into secretory vesicles to send them outside of the cell
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ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
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LYSOSOME
Types of cells: Animal cells Some protists
Structure: Small, round
compartment that holds digestive enzymes
Function: Breakdown large food
particles Digest old cell parts “Clean up”
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CILIA & FLAGELLA (ONLY FOUND IN CERTAIN TYPES CELLS)
Cilia Structure: Tiny hair-
like projections on the outside of certain cells
Function: Moves materials around the outside of the cell
Ex: cells found in the lining of the trachea (windpipe)
Moves mucus and dirt out of the lungs
Flagella Can be found in some
prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells
Structure: Long whip-like tail
Function: Moves the cell
Ex: sperm cells
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WHAT ORGANELLE IS THIS?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Cell Membrane2. Endoplasmic
Reticulum3. Cytoplasm4. Lysosome
0
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Make lipids2. Make proteins3. Control the cell4. Package and
transport materials
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SMOOTH ER?
1. Make lipids2. Control cell
movement3. Store nutrients4. Help make
proteins
Make lip
ids
Control c
ell movement
Store
nutrients
Help make pro
teins
0% 0%0%0%
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MITOCHONDRIA
Types of Cells: Eukaryotic (plant,
animal, fungi, protist)
Structure: Bean-shaped
organelle with folded inner membranes
Function: Make energy (ATP)
Cellular Respiration occurs here
Convert food, oxygen, and water into useable energy
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CHLOROPLAST
Types of cells: Plant Cells
Structure: Green ovals
containing chlorophyll (green pigment)
Function: Use energy from the
sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)
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ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Endosymbiotic theory – Mitochondria and
chloroplasts, the two energy related organelles, arose when a large eukaryotic cell engulfed independent prokaryotes
This explains why they have a double membrane and why they have genetic material separate from the nucleus
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIA?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Make lipids2. Make proteins3. Control the cell 4. Make energy
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES ARE FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Mitochondria2. Chloroplast3. Golgi apparatus4. Lysosomes
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS DO NOT HAVE NUCLEI?
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Plant 2. Animal3. Eukaryote4. Prokaryote
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ALL CELLS HAVE
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
1. Nucleus2. Endoplasmic
reticulum3. Cell Wall4. Cell Membrane
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PLANT CELLS VS. ANIMAL CELLS