Nicole Marcus, By: Kristin Cohen,

Clare McGrath

Breast Cancer2009

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is where malignant (harmful) cells are found in the breast tissue. This can happen to males and females.

Worldwide, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer

Breast Cancer wasn’t fully understood until about the 17th

century.(1600’s)

Even though no one knows the exact cause for breast cancer, some Certain changes in DNA can cause normal breast cells to become cancerous.

This information came from:www.Wikipedia.comhttp://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_2_2X_What_causes_breast_cancer_5.asp

Breast Cancer more commonly takes place in woman around the ages 80 to 84

This picture came from:http://newsinhealth.nih.gov/images/sister_study_graph.gif

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Common symptoms of breast cancer include:

A change in how the breast or nipple feels:A lump or thickening in or near the breast or

in the underarm areaNipple tenderness

A change in how the breast or nipple looks

A change in the size or shape of the breast

A nipple turned inward into the breast

The skin of the breast, areola, or nipple may be scaly, red, or swollen. It may have ridges or pitting so that it looks like the skin of an orange.

This information came from:http://www.medicinenet.com/breast_cancer/page5.htm#tocg

Five Ways Breast Cancer is Diagnosed

Clinical breast exam

Diagnostic mammogram

Ultrasound

Magnetic resonance imaging

Biopsy

This information came from:http://www.medicinenet.com/breast_cancer/page5.htm#tocg

Types of Breast Cancer

There are three types of breast cancer:

Ductal Cancer

Lobular Cancer

Inflammatory Cancer

This information came from:American Cancer Society

Ductal Cancer

A condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of the breast duct.

Information found at:www.Dictionary.comPicture found at: http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/uploads/VMC/DiseaseImages/1637_Breast_DCIS_and_Normal_Mid.jpg

Lobular Cancer

A condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lobules of the breast.

This information was found at:www.dictionary.comPicture found at:http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E74D74FF-9D8E-4FF1-8B39-92E61EFE5310/18096/lobular_carcinoma3.jpg

Inflammatory cancer

A rare but very aggressive type of breast cancer in which the cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin of the breast.

This information was found at:www.dictionary.comPicture found at:http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E74D74FF-9D8E-4FF1-8B39-92E61EFE5310/18063/ductal_carcinoma1.jpg

Stages of Breast Cancer

Stage 0: This stage is sometimes called a ‘non-evasive circoma’.

In this stage, there are abnormal cells that

Show that one is at higher risk for cancer.

This information was found at:www.breastcancer.com

Stages of Breast Cancer

Stage 1: The tumor is less than 1 cm across and has not spread into the surrounding areas.Stage 2: The cancer is anywhere from 1-2 cm across, and has spread into the surrounding areas including the lymph nodes Stage 3: The cancer in the advanced stages now. Its more than 2 cm across and has spread to the lymph nodes. Inflammatory breast cancer takes place hereStage 4: The cancer has spread past the breast and the lymph nodes and needs immediate treatment of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy to keep it under control.

This information was found at:www.breastcancer.com

Treatments

The three types of treatments for Breast Cancer are:

Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy Mastectomy

This information was found at:parents

Radiation

Radiation therapy: kills all the cells in the effected parts of the breast. Radiation therapy is the most used treatment

There are two types of radiation, externally internally.

This information was found at:www.Yahoofacts.comPicture was found at:http://breastcancer.cancersimplified.com/images/HealthContent/english/LP2_17.gif

External Radiation

External radiation: delivered over a 5-7 week period and 5 times a week.

Internal Radiation

Internal Radiation: radioactive material is delivered directly into the site where the tumor was

Facts on the Radiation Process

Radiation kills the cancer cells left after surgery.Radiation therapy doesn't make you radio active.Radiation is painless when it’s delivered, but it will become more painful over time.Treatments will be given up to 5-7 weeks, 5 days a week.Treatments only take ½ hour so you can keep your routine.Your hair won’t fall out unless you are also taking chemotherapy.Your skin in the area may become red and easily irritated.You may feel tired even after its over.Radiation after surgery reduces the chances of the cancer reoccurring.

This information was found at:www.breastcancer.com

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the treatment of a disease that has a specific toxic effect upon the disease-producing micro-organisms or that selectively destroy cancerous tissue.

chemotherapy can damage or kill healthy cells.

When this occurs, side effects such as nausea, anemia, and hair loss can occur.

This information was found at :www.dictionary.com http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/chemotherapyPicture was found at:http://reg.golfreg.com/images/uploads/3125/Shawn-cropped-web-ready.jpg

Mastectomy

Mastectomy is the surgical removal of the breast.

There are four types of Mastectomies, Subcutaneous

mastectomy, Total (or simple) mastectomy, Modified radical mastectomy, & Radical mastectomy.

This information was found at:www.healthline.comwww.dictionary.comPicture was found at:http://www.breasthealth.com.au/men/treatment/images/male_mastectomy_web.jpg

Subcutaneous Mastectomy

The entire breast is removed but the nipple and areola (the pigmented circle around the nipple) remain in place

This information was found at:www.healthline.com

Total Mastectomy

Removal of the whole breast, but not the lymph nodes under the arm.

This information was found at:www.healthline.com

Modified radical mastectomy

removal of the whole breast and most of the lymph nodes under the arm

This information was found at:www.healthline.com

Radical Mastectomy

Removal of the chest wall muscles in addition to the breast and axillary lymph nodes.

For many years, this operation was considered standard for women with breast cancer, but it is rarely used today.

This information was found at:www.healthline.com

THE END