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Nationalism and Revolution

An Age of Revolutions (1750–1914)

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This sample is an excerpt from one presentation on Latin American Independence in Boardworks High School World History, which contains 63 interactive presentations in total.

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Contents

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How did different Latin American countries gain their independence?

By the end of this section, you will have learned about Latin American independence, and be able to answer

the following key questions:

Why did people living in Latin America want independence?

How did revolutions begin and spread?

Latin American independence

Who were some key figures involved in winning Latin American independence?

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Looking back timeline

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Revolutions begin in the Americas

The success of the American Revolution soon inspired other colonies to rebel.

In 1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolt of 100,000 slaves in the French plantation colony of Saint Domingue (modern Haiti). By 1801, the revolutionaries controlled the island.

French troops arrived to quell the rebellion in 1802. They captured L’Ouverture and sent him to prison in the Alps, where he died within a year.

L’Ouverture’s lieutenant, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, continued to fight. On January 1, 1804, he declared Haiti’s independence.

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Class in the Spanish colonies

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Revolutions in Latin America

Why did Criollos lead these revolutions?

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Mexico gains independence

How do you think these revolutions affected Spain?

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Royals liberate Brazil

Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807, forcing the royal court to flee to its largest colony: Brazil. Brazil would be the capital of the Portuguese empire for the next 14 years.

During this time, King João elevated Brazil to the status of kingdom. When he returned to Portugal in 1821, he attempted to return it to a colony.

The people of Brazil refused to return to colonial status. They asked the king’s son, Dom Pedro, to rule an independent Brazil. Pedro agreed, and declared Brazil’s independence in 1822.

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Key figures

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