Behavioralist Graduate of University of Nebraska

M.A. specializing in Philosophy, Mathematics, and Psychology

Graduate of University of WashingtonPhD in Philosophy

Co-authored textbook Principles of Psychotherapy Winner – Second Gold Medal

Awarded by the American Psychology Association for outstanding lifetime contributions and serving as President of the foundation

Recipient of the Second Gold Medal Awarded by the American Psychology Association for outstanding lifetime contributions and serving as President of the foundation

Was dean of Graduate Studies at the University of Washington

Is remembered for his theory of learning based on association

Cognitivist Graduate of the University of British Columbia

B.A. degree in Psychology Graduate of the University of Iowa (Albert

Bandura, n.d., Minot State University) with a masters then a Ph.D.

Recipient of the American Psychology Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions and as President of foundation

Recipient of a Scientist Award from the California State Psychological Association (Isom, 1998)

Bandura became known as the Father of the Cognitive Theory.

Elected the president of the Western Psychological Association

Thorndike Award for his distinguished contributions to the Psychology of Education from the American Psychological Association.

Contiguity theory is a behavioral theory based on the work of E. R. Guthrie.

All learning has a consequence of association between a stimulus and response (Guthrie)

Knowledge is based on a stimulus-response association

Suggests that any stimulus and response connected in time and/or space will tend to be linked

States that a combination of stimuli which has accompanied a movement will on its recurrence tend to be followed by that movement (Guthrie, 1952)

Example 1:The classic experimental paradigm for

Contiguity theory is cats learning to escape from a puzzle box (Guthrie & Horton, 1946). Guthrie used a glass paneled box that allowed him to photograph the exact movements of cats. These photographs showed that cats learned to repeat the same sequence of movements associated with the preceding escape from the box. Improvement comes about because irrelevant movements are unlearned or not included in successive associations.

Example 2:A student would run in the long hallway and

into class everyday. The teacher would warn him not to do run in the hallway on a daily to no avail. The student could not break this habit. The teacher one day did not allow the student to walk into class until he went back into the long hallway and walk into class. The running in the hallway disappeared and the recent habit of walking to class was formed.

The impact this theory would have on an adult education/training program:Creating a positive atmosphere and in depth

learning experience will associate in raised results

This will in turn create a positive association with the adult and the training program

People have specific abilities associated to learning that sets them apart from other species.

Has an emphasis on cognitive behavior compared to that of influences from the environment

Helps with the prediction of an individuals behavior

Helps identify the process in which behavior can be modified and changed.

A comprehensive theory which includes self regulatory mechanisms

Social cognitive theory state that there are three characteristics that are unique to humans:Vicarious consequences (Model and imitate others)Self–efficacy (self reflection)Performance standards and moral conduct (Ability

to regulate one’s own behavior) a person’s level of motivation is an affective state and actions are based more on what they believe.

In order to learn, one must: pay attentionbe able to retain/remember Be able to repeat the behavior.

http://www.istheory.yorku.ca/socialcognitivetheory.htm

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Edwin_Ray_Guthrie

http://www.psychologyagain.com/biography/eguthrie.htm

http://usaoll.org/iddtheorywb/sociallearningtheory/theorist.htm