(سرطان الدم (اللوكيميا-ar-en-t-c
TRANSCRIPT
Leukemia IntroductiontoLeukemia:Therearefourmaintypesofleukemiathatvarybasedontreatmentmethodsandtheirresponsivenesstothetreatment.Theyare:
• AcuteMyeloidLeukemia.• AcuteLymphocyticLeukemia.• ChronicMyeloidLeukemia.• ChronicLymphocyticLeukemia.
Leukemiasymptomscanvaryfromonepatienttoanother,butgenerally,mostpatientswillexperienceoneormoreofthefollowingsymptoms:
• Fever• Nightsweats• Frequentinfections• Weightloss• Headaches• Jointpain• Hemorrhage• Skinbruising• Swollenlymphnodes• Extremefatigue
Causes:Scientistsdonotyetunderstandtheexactcausesofleukemia.Itseemstodevelopfromacombinationofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.However,thistypeofcancerisnothereditary. Riskfactors: Thefollowingfactorsmayincreasetheriskofdevelopingleukemia:
• Exposuretohighenergyradiationfromanatomicbomboranuclearpowerplant.
• Exposuretocertainchemicals,suchasbenzeneorformaldehyde. • Blooddisorders. • Exposuretochemotherapyorradiationtherapy. • GeneticdisorderssuchasDownsyndrome. • Sometypesofvirusescancausetumors,suchasthehepatitisBvirusandtheHIVvirus.
• Familyhistoryofleukemia,butthisisveryrare. Diagnosis:Todiagnoseleukemia,doctorsusecertaindiagnostictestsandprocedures,suchas:
• Physicalexamination:Doctorsexaminethelymphnodes,spleenandlivertocheckifthereisanyswelling.
• Bloodtests:Bloodtestsdeterminethenumberofbloodcellsandplatelets.Theyarealsousedtoidentifyanyabnormalitiesinthebloodcells.
• Bonemarrowbiopsytocheckforcancercells.• Genetictestingtoexaminethegeneticmaterialinthebonemarrow,bloodcellsandlymphnodes.
• Lumbarpuncture(spinaltap):tocollectcerebrospinalfluidanddetectanycancercellsinanotherfluidthatsurroundsthebrainandspinalcord.
Whatarethetreatmentoptionsforleukemia?Leukemiatreatmentmethodsdependonseveralbasicfactors,likeage,overallhealth,typeofleukemiaandwhetherornotithasspreadtootherpartsofthebody.Commontreatmentsusedtofightleukemiainclude:
• Chemotherapy.• Radiationtherapy.• Stemcelltransplant,whichreplacesthecellsthatweredamagedduringradiationtherapyandchemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy:thistypeoftreatmentisgiventoenhancethebody'simmunity.
Prevention:Lessexposuretoradiation,chemicalsandviralinfectionsmayreducetheriskofleukemia. Copingwiththedisease:
• Thepatientcanbettercopewiththediseaseandovercomethetreatmentstagebycommunicatingandcooperatingwiththemedicalteam.Thiscanbeachievedthroughgettingasmuchinformationaboutleukemiaaspossiblebeforemakinganydecisionsaboutyourhealth.Askingyourdoctoraboutthetypeofleukemiayouhaveandallavailabletreatmentoptionsyouhaveinordertoincreaseyourconfidenceinyourdecisionsaboutthetreatment.
• Donothesitatetoaskforsupportfromfriendsandfamilysoyoucangettheassistancethatyouneedduringboththedifferentstagesoftreatment,andifyoufaceanycomplications.
• Discussyourconcernsandfearswithyourdoctororclosefriendsandfamilymembersandaskfortheiradviceregardingyourcurrentsituation.
• Seekhelpandconsultationfromasocialworker.• SpendtimereadingQuranandsupplicatingorreadsomeusefulbooks.
Clinical Health Education Department
For more information, please contact us by email [email protected]