-alexander iii and his son, nicholas ii sought industrialization -russian liberals desired a...
TRANSCRIPT
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
LONG-TERM CAUSES OFTHE REVOLUTION
Czarist Rule
Diversity &Nationalism
Problems with Urban Workers
Peasant Unrest
CZARIST RULE-ALEXANDER III AND HIS SON, NICHOLAS II SOUGHT INDUSTRIALIZATION
-RUSSIAN LIBERALS DESIRED A CONSTITUTION AND REFORM
-CZARS SUPPRESSED REFORM THROUGH HARSH TACTICS
PEASANT UNREST-Landowning nobles, priests, and a Czar dominated society
-Middle class and peasants lived a hard life with little chance of moving up in society
-Industrialization angered peasants
-Worked for long hours with low wages
-Workers lived in slums that gave rise to poverty and disease
-Socialists ideas spread
PROBLEMS WITH URBAN WORKERS
-Russification: Czars attempt to make all the different cultures in their empire to think, act, and believe as Russians.-Minorities didn’t want culture destroyed.
DIVERSITY AND NATIONALISM
BLOODY SUNDAY
-SUNDAY, JANUARY 22, 1905 A MARCH OCCURRED IN ST. PETERSBURG-MARCHERS HOPED FOR REFORM FROM CZAR-CZAR NICHOLAS II FEARERING UPRISING, CALLED IN SOLDIERS-MANY MARCHERS SHOT AND KILLED-ALSO KNOWN AS THE REVOLUTION OF 1905
Results
-DESTROYED FAITH AND TRUST IN CZAR
-STRIKES AND REVOLTS EXPLODED ACROSS RUSSIA
-NICHOLAS REFORMED BY GRANTING MORE RIGHTS
-DUMA FORMED
END OF CZARIST RULE
Russia in WWI
Failure ofProvisional
Government
MarchRevolution
RUSSIA IN WWI
-Russia lacked adequate weapons and supplies resulting in battlefield defeats.
-Food was scarce
-Soldiers lost confidence and began deserting.
MarchRevolution
-March 1917 shortage of food fuel and housing sparked revolt-St. Petersburg demanded bread.-Czar soldiers refused to fire.-Czar Nicholas II gave up throne
Failure ofProvisional
Government-After removal of the Czar, Duma set up temporary government-Middle-Class liberal in the government promised to write a constitution and promised democratic reforms-They continued the war again Germany, unpopular decision-New government implemented only moderate reforms and did little to end unrest among peasants and workers.
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
-Vladimir Lenin headed a revolutionary socialist party, the Bolsheviks-Lenin gained support by making promises of “Peace, Land, and Bread”-November 1917 Bolsheviks led soldiers, sailors, and factory workers in uprising-Bolsheviks now called Communists, gave land to peasants and gave workers control-In March 1918 Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk withdrawing them from WWI but gave up large amounts of territory to Germany
RUSSIA’S CIVIL WAR
Reds Whites-Lenin and Communists-Employed secret police to root out their enemies.-Executed thousands opposing revolution as well as Czar Nicholas II -Defeated Whites by 1921
-Forces loyal to Czar-Slaughtered communists and attempted to assassinate Lenin-Britain, France, and United States sent them troops to help fight.
Joseph Stalin-Emerged after Lenin died in 1924
-Ruled through terror and brutality
-Great Purge: Stalin accused thousands of people of crimes again government. Those accused were executed, exiled, or sent to prison camps
--Totalitarian State: One-Party dictatorship that attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of citizens
RUSSIFICATION-Promoted Russian history, language, and culture, sometimes forbidding the cultural practices of natives.
-Appointed Russians to key posts in the government and secret police
-He redrew the boundaries of many republics to ensure that non-Russians would not gain majority.