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««Agri-environmental Agri-environmental indicators: Nitrogen balance indicators: Nitrogen balance

at NUTS IV level. A case at NUTS IV level. A case study in Greece study in Greece »»

NATIONAL STATISTICAL SERVICE OF GREECE

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««Agri-environmental indicators: Nitrogen Agri-environmental indicators: Nitrogen balance at NUTS IV level. A case study in balance at NUTS IV level. A case study in

Greece Greece »»

IntroductionIntroduction MethodologyMethodology Data SourcesData Sources ResultsResults ConclusionsConclusions

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The aim of this project was to introduce an analytical tool using Geographical Information System and statistical data available from existing surveys (Farm Structure Surveys and the Agricultural Census) in order to measure the impact of agricultural activities to the rural environment.

The study focused on the nitrogen balance from agricultural activities, at LAU1 level, as an indicator of the risk posed to the environment from excessive nitrogen.

The LAU1 analysis of the Nitrogen balance made in order to identify areas of high surpluses and thus where surface and ground water may be at risk.

Objective of the project:Objective of the project:

IntroductionIntroduction

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The nitrogen balance provides useful The nitrogen balance provides useful information regarding the state of nitrogen information regarding the state of nitrogen surpluses.surpluses.

Nitrogen Balance = N input – N output = Nitrogen Balance = N input – N output = N held by the soil + N removal from the N held by the soil + N removal from the soil.soil.

METHODOLOGY of N BALANCE METHODOLOGY of N BALANCE ESTIMATIONESTIMATION

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METHODOLOGY of N BALANCE METHODOLOGY of N BALANCE ESTIMATIONESTIMATION

Terms of the soil surface Nitrogen balanceTerms of the soil surface Nitrogen balance

Inorganic fertilizers

Animal manure

Nitrogen of leguminous

crops

Atmospheric deposition

Agricultural land

Plant production Grass and fodder crop production

Nitrogen output

Nitrogen balance

Nitrogen input

66

DATA SOURCESDATA SOURCESThe data sources were used in the context of this project were:The data sources were used in the context of this project were:

a. Farm Structure Surveya. Farm Structure Survey:: Statistical data on cultivated areas by kind of crop Statistical data on cultivated areas by kind of crop and on number of animals at LAU1 were derived from the Basic Surveys of and on number of animals at LAU1 were derived from the Basic Surveys of the year 1991 and 1999/2000the year 1991 and 1999/2000

b. Annual Agricultural Statistical Survey:b. Annual Agricultural Statistical Survey: Statistical data on cropyield by kind of Statistical data on cropyield by kind of crop at LAU1 level were derived from a national survey using administrative crop at LAU1 level were derived from a national survey using administrative sources.sources.

c. The Greek map of Land Cover /use, based on the Corine Land cover project:c. The Greek map of Land Cover /use, based on the Corine Land cover project:File consisting of 16 categories of land cover. These data originated from File consisting of 16 categories of land cover. These data originated from processing of satellite images and the CORINE program. This file was used processing of satellite images and the CORINE program. This file was used mainly for estimation of nitrogen absorbed by pastures from animal grazing.mainly for estimation of nitrogen absorbed by pastures from animal grazing.

d. Natura areas:d. Natura areas:This was a GIS file of natura areas which is a complementary one, and gives This was a GIS file of natura areas which is a complementary one, and gives to the users the ability to overlay all the other information with that of to the users the ability to overlay all the other information with that of sensitive areas. sensitive areas.

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Farm Structure Survey FileFarm Structure Survey FileCode Crop D01 Common wheat and spelt D02 Durum wheat D03 Rye (including meslin) D04 Barley D05 Oats (including summer meslin) D06 Grain maize D07 Rice D08 Other cereals D09A Single crops for fodder: field beans, vetches, sweet lipins D09B Other (single or mixed) D10 Potatoes (incl. Early potatoes and sweet potatoes) D11 Sugar beet (excluding seeds) D12 Forage roots and tubers (excluding seeds) D13A Tobacco D13B Hops D13C Cotton D13D Other industrial plants D14A Open fields of fresh vegetables, melons, strawberries-outdoor or under low cover D14B Market gardening of fresh vegetables, melons, strawberries-outdoor or under low cover D15 Crops under green house, glass or high (accessible) cover D16 Flowers and ornamental plants outdoor D17 Flowers and ornamental plants under glass D18A Temporary grass meadows D18B Other forage crops D19 Seeds and seedlings (excluding cereals and pulses) D20 Potatoes and oil seed plants, other arable crops D21 Fallows F01 Permanent pastures and meadows excluding rough grazing F02 Permanent pastures and meadows including rough grazing G01A Fresh fruit and berries of temperate zones G01B Fresh fruit and berries of subtropical zones G01C Nuts and dry fruits G02 Citrus plantations G03A Olive plantations for table olives G03B Olive plantations for olive oil production G04A Vineyards for quality wine G04B Vineyards for other wines G04C Vineyards for table grapes G04D Vineyards for raisins G05 Nurseries G06 Other permanent crops G07 Permanent crops under glass or high accessible cover

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Code Kind of animal J01 Equidae total J02A Bovine animals including buffalo under 1 year old-Male J02B Bovine animals including buffalo under 1 year old-Female J03 Bovine animals 1-2 year old, male J04 Bovine animals 1-2 year old, female J05 Bovine animals >2 year old, male J06 Bovine animals >2 year old, heifers J07 Dairy cows J08 Other cows J09A Sheep breeding females J09B Other sheep J10A Goats breeding females J10B Other goats J11 Piglets, live weight <20 kg J12 Breeding sows >50 kg J13 Other pigs J14 Poultry-broilers J15 Poultry-laying hens J16 Poultry -other poultry (ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea-fowl) J17 Rabbits, breeding females

Farm Structure Survey FileFarm Structure Survey File

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Annual Agricultural Statistical Survey File (national level)Annual Agricultural Statistical Survey File (national level)

Code Crop UP01 Soft wheat UP02 Hard wheat UP03 Rye UP04 Barley UP05 Oats UP06 Maize UP07 Rice UP08 Sorghum and other cereals for grain

UP09A Edible pulse UP09B Fodder leguminous crops for seeds UP10 Potatoes UP11 Sugar beets UP12 Fodder beets

UP13A Tobacco UP13C Cotton UP13D Industrial plants UP18A Alfalfa and other perennials UP18B Fodder plants for green feed and roots UGRAS Grasses

UP20 Watermelons and melons UF01 Meadows

UG0123 Tree crops UG04 Vines UG05 Seedlings

UAGRAN Fallow land UVOSK Pastures

1010

Data Base Construction Data Base Construction The above files have been organized and processed into a uniform application of GIS with spatial level of reference the LAU1. In this way it is possible to produce maps of the profile of The above files have been organized and processed into a uniform application of GIS with spatial level of reference the LAU1. In this way it is possible to produce maps of the profile of

each prefecture (NUTS III) as well as of the country for input, output and nitrogen balance of the agricultural areas of the country.each prefecture (NUTS III) as well as of the country for input, output and nitrogen balance of the agricultural areas of the country.

The following data were used to set up the database:The following data were used to set up the database:

Statistical data from the records of the National Statistical Service of Greece. *.xls , *.sav format. Statistical data from the records of the National Statistical Service of Greece. *.xls , *.sav format.

Local administrative boundaries from 1991 up to the implementation of Law 2539/97 (Kapodistrias scheme). Polygonal – Linear Database. *.shp formatLocal administrative boundaries from 1991 up to the implementation of Law 2539/97 (Kapodistrias scheme). Polygonal – Linear Database. *.shp format

Biophysical land cover (CORINE LAND COVER) scale 1:100.000. Polygonal Database. *.shp formatBiophysical land cover (CORINE LAND COVER) scale 1:100.000. Polygonal Database. *.shp format

Types of habitat (NATURA). Polygonal Database. *.shp formatTypes of habitat (NATURA). Polygonal Database. *.shp format

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Data Base ConstructionData Base Construction

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Data Base ConstructionData Base Construction

1313

Data Base ConstructionData Base Construction

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Data Base ConstructionData Base Construction

1515

RESULTSRESULTS

Estimation of Nitrogen balance input from crops production.

Estimation of Nitrogen input from livestock manure.

Estimation of the fixation by leguminous crops and clover.

Estimation of the Nitrogen deposition to agricultural land

Estimation of the the nitrogen absorption from harvested crops

Nitrogen balance

1616

CODEarea (Ha)

input N fertilizers

0/oo

ND01 157422.49 16132.03 55.44ND02 587190.36 60172.92 206.79ND03 19208.99 2125.04 7.30ND04 98000.75 9700.36 33.34ND05 60835.41 5667.43 19.48ND06 183324.63 45898.53 157.73ND07 19486.54 1815.37 6.24ND08 2515.55 336.88 1.16ND09A 5994.50 349.03 1.20ND09B 5669.11 330.08 1.13ND10 20078.83 5144.00 17.68ND11 32878.43 4785.87 16.45ND12 371.95 34.65 0.12ND13A 56234.19 2619.39 9.00ND13B 0.00 0.00 0.00ND13C 382797.63 39597.56 136.08ND13D 37323.74 3868.25 13.29ND14A 34148.43 7356.68 25.28ND14B 23387.39 5038.40 17.31ND15 3040.43 655.01 2.25ND16 393.80 48.50 0.17ND17 387.49 47.73 0.16ND18A 78055.38 8180.59 28.11ND18B 59052.17 2750.65 9.45ND19 480.13 0.00 0.00ND20 2968.79 276.57 0.95ND21 74053.88 0.00 0.00NF01 202484.96 0.00 0.00NF02 402793.86 0.00 0.00NG01A 72392.63 5058.07 17.38NG01B 2769.72 193.52 0.67NG01C 39014.49 2725.94 9.37NG02 47198.27 1374.06 4.72NG03A 83233.41 5815.52 19.99NG03B 653922.41 45689.56 157.01NG04A 10993.37 768.11 2.64NG04B 40541.17 2832.61 9.73NG04C 14050.72 981.72 3.37NG04D 31985.25 2234.81 7.68NG05 674.65 47.14 0.16NG06 4777.42 333.80 1.15NG07 63.96 4.47 0.02total 3552197.28 290990.84 1000.00

Estimation of Nitrogen input from mineral fertilisers.

1717

Estimation of Nitrogen input from mineral fertilisers.

1818

Code Heads

Estimated N

from manure

tones 0/oo

NJ01 44362 2218.10 12.04

NJ02A 121871 2668.97 14.49

NJ02B 79445 1739.85 9.44

NJ03 66866 2928.73 15.90

NJ04 49361 2162.01 11.73

NJ05 15719 803.24 4.36

NJ06 54143 3161.95 17.16

NJ07 153793 11226.89 60.94

NJ08 111188 5681.71 30.84

NJ09A 7321271 73212.71 397.37

NJ09B 1431397 6441.29 34.96

NJ10A 4371868 43718.68 237.29

NJ10B 955333 3439.20 18.67

NJ11 264520 1216.79 6.60

NJ12 129391 3402.98 18.47

NJ13 575941 7256.86 39.39

NJ14 26095427 4697.18 25.49

NJ15 12215740 5497.08 29.84

NJ16 1013230 2097.39 11.38

NJ17 213287 671.85 3.65

total 184243.46 1000.00

Estimation of Nitrogen input from livestock manure.

1919

Estimation of Nitrogen input from livestock manure.

2020

Code Uptake

Nittrogen

0/οο

UP01 9171.25 27.58

UP02 32864.81 98.83

UP03 445.85 1.34

UP04 4309.30 12.96

UP05 1553.93 4.67

UP06 30057.71 90.39

UP07 1273.24 3.83

UP08 2289.34 6.88

UP09A 1099.97 3.31

UP09B 519.97 1.56

UP10 3446.94 10.37

UP11 4836.65 14.54

UP12 17.51 0.05

UP13A 5928.06 17.83

UP13C 43750.10 131.57

UP13D 1427.15 4.29

UP18A 19458.33 58.52

UP18B 16789.85 50.49

UGRAS 2997.76 9.01

UP20 1894.10 5.70

UF01 113.81 0.34

UG0123 49295.73 148.24

UG04 9264.70 27.86

UG05 8821.16 26.53

UAGRAN 8786.11 26.42

UVOSK 72121.78 216.88

332535.12 1000.00

Estimation of output from crop production.

2121

Estimation of output from crop production.

2222

Nitrogen balance of the year 1999 at national level

2323

Nitrogen balance of the year 1991 at national level

Tons NTons N %%

From cropsFrom crops 408,406.84408,406.84 63.563.5

From animalsFrom animals 166,196.93166,196.93 34.434.4

Atmospheric Atmospheric depositiondeposition

25,750.9425,750.94 4.04.0

Biological process Biological process of legumesof legumes

42,596.8642,596.86 6.66.6

Total inputTotal input 642,934.42642,934.42

Total outputTotal output 368,638.81368,638.81

BalanceBalance 274,295.63274,295.63

2424

Nitrogen balance of the year 1999 at national level

Tons NTons N %%

From cropsFrom crops 290,990.84290,990.84 54.354.3

From animalsFrom animals 184,243.46184,243.46 34.434.4

Atmospheric Atmospheric depositiondeposition

25,082.3025,082.30 4.74.7

Biological process Biological process of legumesof legumes

35,704.2235,704.22 6.76.7

Total inputTotal input 535,997.72535,997.72

Total outputTotal output 332,535.12332,535.12

BalanceBalance 203,462.20203,462.20

2525

Kg/ha Tons of N Total agricultural land 3486 th Ha

Nitrogenous fertilizers for crops

88 306768

Organic fertilizers (manure)

49 170814

Nitrogen fixation from leguminous crops

2 6972

Atmospheric deposition on agricultural land

7 24402

Total (input) 146 508956 Nitrogen absorption from crops (F(q))

29 101094

Nitrogen absorption from hay, pastures, etc.

69 240534

Nitrogen balance 48 167328

Nitrogen balance for Greece, 1997 according to J. Hansen methodology

2626

Kg/ha Ton of N

Total agricultural land

3486 th. Ha

Nitrogenous fertilizers

for crops

76.94 250703

Organic fertilizers

(manure)

12.84 41850

Nitrogen fixation from

leguminous crops

- -

Atmospheric deposition

on agricultural land

18.33 59723

Total deposition (input) - 352276

Nitrogen absorption

from crops (F(q))

60.66 197647

Nitrogen balance 47.46 154629

Nitrogen balance estimates for Greece, 1991 according to M. Terres et al methodology

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The proposed methodology :The proposed methodology :

Is innovativeIs innovative Uses low level of NUTS IV calculation so the Uses low level of NUTS IV calculation so the

provided analysis is sufficient for all policy provided analysis is sufficient for all policy implementationsimplementations

Is based on error free guaranteed statistical Is based on error free guaranteed statistical datadata

Estimation and coefficient applied are of Estimation and coefficient applied are of international standards international standards

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS