-africa has been the target of colonial expansion from its earliest days. -numerous countries from...
TRANSCRIPT
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COLONIALISM IN AFRICA
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-Africa has been the target of colonial expansion from its earliest days.
-Numerous countries from numerous parts of the world have tried to divide up parts of Africa throughout history.
HISTORY
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Early 1800’s- Napoleon begins his conquest of Egypt and Sudan
1830- The Boers (of Dutch descent) begin to move north into the inner reaches of southern Africa
1871- The “Scramble for Africa” begins
1884- The Berlin Conference
1914- World War I begins
1939- World War II begins
647- Islamic Umayyid Empire conquers Egypt and Sudan. This event triggers the spread of Islam in Africa
1479- Spain begins a slave trade in Africa
1550- Portugal establishes trade routes in Western Africa
1562- Britain begins exporting slaves from Africa
1570- Portugal establishes the colony of Angola in Africa
1625- Holland enters the slave trade
1642- France enters the slave trade
1652- Holland establishes a colony in South Africa
1759- British seize control of Dutch colony in South Africa
HISTORY
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-As the “Scramble for Africa” increased many of the European powers began to intrude into other European territories in Africa.
-In 1884, a conference of European countries met in Berlin, Germany to try and reach an agreement on the partitioning of Africa
-Representatives from Portugal, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) met
THE BERLIN CONFERENCE
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BEFORE EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
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AFTER EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
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-A common language that is agreed to be used by people who speak different languages
-A universal language
-In former European colonies some common lingua franca languages include English, French, and Portuguese
-The most common lingua franca in Africa today is Swahili
LINGUA FRANCA
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-European colonial expansion reaches its peak
-Big powers in Africa include Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain
-Due to all the battlefield losses that the major powers sustain during the war Africans begin to not see the European colonizers as invincible
-Independence movements begin
WORLD WAR I 1914-1918
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-Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy try to retake and expand colonial lands in Africa
-One of the major fronts during World War II is fought in northern Africa
-As the major world powers are occupied with the war more and more African countries decide to declare independence from their colonizers
ALLIES AXIS
WORLD WAR II 1939-1945
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-After World War II most countries in Africa establish their own independence and their own governments
-African colonies granted complete autonomy after World War II by the Atlantic Charter (signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill)
-One by one the European powers begin to pull out their envoys and the African countries gain their complete independence
END OF COLONIZATION
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QUESTIONS???