A group of belief systems, norms and values practiced by a people

Recognized in 1 of 2 ways1. People call themselves a culture2. Others can label a certain group

of people as a culture

Nonmaterial culture: beliefs, practices, aesthetics, norms and values of a group of ppl

Material culture: what a group of ppl make (artifacts reflect nonmaterial culture)

Different from habit & custom Habit= repetitive act performed by individual

Custom= repetitive act performed by group so it becomes a characteristic Collection of customs= CULTURE

1. Culture trait (single attribute)2. Combine traits in unique

combo culture complex (material & nonmaterial)

3. Interconnected culture complexes culture system

4. Represented by a culture region

5. Add in environment geographic region

Areas where civilizations first began Radiated the customs, innovations, and ideologies that transformed the world China, Pakistan, Egypt, Iraq Greece Mexico, Peru

Small scale Isolated, homogeneous

population Typically rural Separated by geography or lack of communication

Cohesive in cultural traits Work to preserve those traits in

order to claim uniqueness

Large (global) scale Connected, heterogeneous

population Typically urban Globalization

Experiences quickly changing cultural traits

Practiced by people across identities and across the world

Folk varies place to place at one time

Popular varies from time to time in one place

Studies relationship b/w the natural environment & culture Cultural landscape- modification of natural landscape by human activities

Reveals clues about cultural practices & priorities (past & present)

CULTURAL DIFFUSION

Transculturation- equal diffusion of two cultures (Buddhism & Confucianism)

Syncretism- Fusing old and new cultures (Santeria)

CULTURAL APPROPRIATIONCULTURAL APPROPRIATION

The process by which cultures adopt The process by which cultures adopt customs & knowledge and use them customs & knowledge and use them for their own benefitfor their own benefit Of major concern for local cultures: Of major concern for local cultures:

aspects of cultural knowledge may be aspects of cultural knowledge may be privatized and used for wealthprivatized and used for wealth Martial Arts, Cross necklaces on non-Martial Arts, Cross necklaces on non-

Christians, camps selling Native American Christians, camps selling Native American paraphernaliaparaphernalia

Commodification-Commodification- turning regular goods into turning regular goods into a commodity to sella commodity to sell

NEOLOCALISMNEOLOCALISM

Shortridge: Seeking out the regional Shortridge: Seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in culture and reinvigorating it in response to the modern worldresponse to the modern world Little Sweden (Kansas)Little Sweden (Kansas)

RETERRITORIALIZATIONRETERRITORIALIZATION

Popular culture may take on new Popular culture may take on new forms forms

when it encounters a new locality and when it encounters a new locality and the ppl and local culture in that place.the ppl and local culture in that place. Producing an aspect of pop culture but Producing an aspect of pop culture but

mixing with local culturemixing with local culture Indonesian Indonesian Hip HopHip Hop

Increased with mass mediaIncreased with mass media