Алексей Гринбаум. Прометей и Пандора

Prometheus and Pandora in a nanoscience lab

Alexei GrinbaumFrench Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saclay

French debates in 2009-2010

Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM

Technological trauma


France: debatpublic-nano.org


Netherlands: Nanopodium.nl


UK: nano and me


Nano: a threefold definition

Scientific and technological

Observe and understand

Construct and use

Economic, industrial and financial

Overall Rosnano investment over $3 bn

Investment in Russia in 2011: $1bn federal, $1.9bn private

Market in Russia ~ $350 mln in 2011

Source: Rosnano annual report for 2011

Societal

Hopes, worries, promises, risks…


1 nanometer (nm) = 10-9 m = 0, 000 000 001 m

Nanometer, a scale

Cat

1 mVirus

70 nm

Acari

200 µmBacterium

1 µm

Hair

50 µm

1 m1 cm1 mm1 pm 1 µm1 nm

NANOMONDE

Tennis ball

≈ 5 cm

Ant

1 cm

DNA

2 nm

Carbon atom

(graphite)

0,1 nm


What changes at the nanometer scale

Some properties of matter are size-dependent:

Chemical properties (catalysis)

Optical properties (color)

Electric properties (conductivity)

Magnetic properties

Mecanical properties (strength)

Thermic properties (fusion temperature)

Gold and silver nanoparticles

change color as a function of

size and shape:


Is nano new? Nanoscale properties used since Antiquity

Example: Lycurgus cup (IV century BC)

British

Mu

se

um


Nanoscale properties studied for over 100 years:In biology: viruses, proteins…In chemistry: chemical reactions…In physics: atom models…

Getting access to the nanoscale

New tools for observation and action


Novelty causes fear

“And he [Tobias] went out to wash his feet, and behold

a monstrous fish came up to devour him. And

Tobias being afraid of him, cried out with a loud

voice, saying: Sir, he cometh upon me. And the

angel said to him: Take him by the gill, and draw

him to thee. And when he had done so, he drew him

out upon the land, and he began to pant before his

feet. Then the angel said to him: Take out the

entrails of the fish, and lay up his heart, and his

gall, and his liver for thee: for these are necessary

for useful medicines.” Tobit 6, 2-5

Filippino Lippi,

National Gallery, WashingtonAlexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM

Energy: example of batteries

Pour 150 kg de batteries

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Années

Au

ton

om

ie (

km

)

NiCd

(45 km)Plomb

(30 km)

LiFePO4 nano

Nano Silicon

NiMH

(70 km)

Li-ion 2010

(150 km)

Li-ion 2015

(300 km)

Extrait par l’OMNT avec la permission de Small 6, 2336 (2010). Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH.

Nanomedicine

www.nanosmile.org


Imaging and imagining the nanoscale

F. Beron O. Cibois

Electron scanning micrograph to record the overloading of a CoFeB magnetic array



F. Beron



O. Cibois


Nanoethics

Ethical questions do not have an objective yes/no answer.

Few questions are new. Most have already been asked about previous generations of emerging technologies.

A changing science & society situation.

Imagination:Role of fiction and

visions.

Case-by-case decision-making:• Nanobioethics: blurring of the frontier between

nature and artefact, human body and machine.

• Ethics of ICT: personal rights and

freedoms, surveillance.

• Dual-use technology.

Scientist’s

responsibility: Individual vs.

collective, moral

responsibility vs. liability

Governance: a need for ongoing assessment :• Not too soon, not too late.

Academic questions:

images of nano, narratives of nano


Toolkit for ethical reflection and communication

75 pages, can be downloaded from www.observatorynano.eu

1. Introduction

2. Classifying ethical and societal issues

3. Thinking with the help of ethical concepts

4. Responsible communication

5. Narratives of nanotech

6. Glossary


I. Prometheus

II. The Golem of Jeremiah

III. Frankenstein

IV. A positive Prometheus?

V. Pandora’s box

VI. Daedalus

VII. The Matrix



Софокл, «Антигона», пер. Шервинского

Мысли его — они ветра быстрее;

Речи своей научился он сам;

Грады он строит и стрел избегает,

Колких морозов и шумных дождей;

Все он умеет; от всякой напасти

Верное средство себе он нашел.

Знает лекарства он против болезней,

Но лишь почует он близость Аида,

Как понапрасну на помощь зовет.

Хитрость его и во сне не приснится;

Это искусство толкает его

То ко благим, то к позорным деяньям.


I. Prometheus


III. Frankenstein


V. Pandora’s box

VI. Daedalus

VII. The Matrix


Paul Manship, Prometheus, Teacher in Every Art, 1934 (Rockefeller Centre)

Jan Cossiers, Prometheus Carrying Fire, 1637 (Madrid)

Prometheus becomes the hero of the American engineer


I. Prometheus


III. Frankenstein


V. Pandora’s box

VI. Daedalus

VII. The Matrix



Platon, République, livre VII

Так он сказал. И Кронида-владыки послушались боги.

Зевсов приказ исполняя, подобие девы стыдливой

Тотчас слепил из земли знаменитый Хромец обеногий.

Пояс надела, оправив одежды, богиня Афина.

Девы-Хариты с царицей Пейфо золотым ожерельем

Нежную шею обвили. Прекрасноволосые Оры

Пышные кудри цветами весенними ей увенчали.

Все украшенья на теле оправила дева Афина.

Аргоубийца ж, вожатай, вложил после этого в грудь ей

Льстивые речи, обманы и лживую, хитрую душу.

Женщину эту глашатай бессмертных Пандорою назвал,

Ибо из вечных богов, населяющих домы Олимпа,

Каждый свой дар приложил, хлебоядным мужам на

погибель.

Гесиод, Труды и дни, 69-80. Перевод В. Вересаева.

ὣο ἔθαη᾽: ἐθ δ᾽ ἐγέιαζζε παηὴξ ἀλδξῶλ ηε ζεῶλ ηε.

Ἥθαηζηνλ δ᾽ ἐθέιεπζε πεξηθιπηὸλ ὅηηη ηάρηζηα

γαῖαλ ὕδεη θύξεηλ, ἐλ δ᾽ ἀλζξώπνπ ζέκελ αὐδὴλ

θαὶ ζζέλνο, ἀζαλάηῃο δὲ ζεῇο εἰο ὦπα ἐίζθεηλ

παξζεληθῆο θαιὸλ εἶδνο ἐπήξαηνλ: αὐηὰξ Ἀζήλελ

ἔξγα δηδαζθῆζαη, πνιπδαίδαινλ ἱζηὸλ ὑθαίλεηλ:

θαὶ ράξηλ ἀκθηρέαη θεθαιῇ ρξπζέελ Ἀθξνδίηελ

θαὶ πόζνλ ἀξγαιένλ θαὶ γπηνβόξνπο κειεδώλαο:

ἐλ δὲ ζέκελ θύλεόλ ηε λόνλ θαὶ ἐπίθινπνλ ἦζνο

Ἑξκείελ ἤλσγε, δηάθηνξνλ Ἀξγετθόληελ.

ὣο ἔθαζ᾽: νἳ δ᾽ ἐπίζνλην Δηὶ Κξνλίσλη ἄλαθηη.

αὐηίθα δ᾽ ἐθ γαίεο πιάζζελ θιπηὸο Ἀκθηγπήεηο

παξζέλῳ αἰδνίῃ ἴθεινλ Κξνλίδεσ δηὰ βνπιάο:

δῶζε δὲ θαὶ θόζκεζε ζεὰ γιαπθῶπηο Ἀζήλε:

ἀκθὶ δέ νἱ Χάξηηέο ηε ζεαὶ θαὶ πόηληα Πεηζὼ

ὅξκνπο ρξπζείνπο ἔζεζαλ ρξνΐ: ἀκθὶ δὲ ηήλ γε

Ὧξαη θαιιίθνκνη ζηέθνλ ἄλζεζηλ εἰαξηλνῖζηλ:

πάληα δέ νἱ ρξνῒ θόζκνλ ἐθήξκνζε Παιιὰο Ἀζήλε.

ἐλ δ᾽ ἄξα νἱ ζηήζεζζη δηάθηνξνο Ἀξγετθόληεο

ςεύδεά ζ᾽ αἱκπιίνπο ηε ιόγνπο θαὶ ἐπίθινπνλ ἦζνο

ηεῦμε Δηὸο βνπιῇζη βαξπθηύπνπ: ἐλ δ᾽ ἄξα θσλὴλ

ζῆθε ζεῶλ θῆξπμ, ὀλόκελε δὲ ηήλδε γπλαῖθα

Παλδώξελ, ὅηη πάληεο Ὀιύκπηα δώκαη᾽ ἔρνληεο

δῶξνλ ἐδώξεζαλ, πῆκ᾽ ἀλδξάζηλ ἀιθεζηῇζηλ.

F.S. Church


R-Nano.fr

Алексей Гринбаум. Прометей и Пандора

Technology

nmalexei grinbaum

orgalexei grinbaum

risksalexei grinbaum

xenon atoms cea logo

nm fusion

atomic energy commission

tennis et

mais massif fusion