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ˆ · 2019. 8. 1. · yfxf gx'g] cj:yf klg ;[hgf x'g ;sg] epsf]n] to:tf] cj:yfdf kmf/fddf ;f]...

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  • ˆ · 2019. 8. 1. · yfxf gx'g] cj:yf klg ;[hgf x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] To:tf] cj:yfdf kmf/fddf ;f] ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt cfpg ;S5 . hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g,
37
72 - ( ) !"# $ %& ’"’ %& ’"’ %& ’"’ %& ’"’ (Government of Nepal) () *""’+"# "& () *""’+"# "& () *""’+"# "& () *""’+"# "& (Office of Local Registrar) ,- . ,- . ,- . ,- . ........... ........... ........... ..........., , , , ……………………….. 1&" 1&" 1&" 1&"/1 1 1 12 2 2 2/2 2 2 2/’&" ’&" ’&" ’&" Ward No . . . .………, …………………………..Rural Municipality/Sub Metropolitan/Metropolitan/Municipality ..………..%4 %4 %4 %4)……………..Province) ! ! ! ! (Birth Registration Certificate) ’ ’ ’ ’ (Registration No.): (Registration Date): 5, 5, 5, 5,.. . . . ... ... ... ............ ( ......... ( ......... ( ......... (…………….A.D.) ’ ’ ’ ’ : Full Name: /Date of Birth: 5,.. . / (A. D.) &6 &6 &6 &6/Sex () 7% () 7% () 7% () 7% : Permanent Address: () () () ()/Birth Place: %"# %"# %"# %"# ’ ’ ’ ’ : Full Nameof Grandfather: "# 5,,’ "# 5,,’ "# 5,,’ "# 5,,’ (Father's Details) ’ ’ ’ ’ : Full Name : 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’! ! ! ! .... . ( . ( . ( . (8’" 8’" 8’" 8’"/’2 ’2 ’2 ’2 ) / ) / ) / ) / ID (Citizenship/Passport): / 9"# 9"# 9"# 9"# 5,,’ 5,,’ 5,,’ 5,,’ Mother’s Details ’ ’ ’ ’ : Full Name : 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’! ! ! ! .... . ( . ( . ( . (8’" 8’" 8’" 8’"/’2 ’2 ’2 ’2) / ) / ) / ) / ID (Citizenship/Passport): / ""# ""# ""# ""# 5,,’ 5,,’ 5,,’ 5,,’ Informant’s Name : Name: 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’! ! ! ! .... . ( . ( . ( . (8’" 8’" 8’" 8’"/’2 ’2 ’2 ’2 ) / ) / ) / ) / ID (Citizenship/Passport): / . 2+ (Signature): () *""’+"# : Name of Local Registrar: "&"# : "&"# : "&"# : "&"# : / Official Stamp

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  • 72

    �������- (��� � ��� �������) ��� ���� ���� !"# $����

    �% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�' (Government of Nepal) ()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���& (Office of Local Registrar)

    ,-� �.,-� �.,-� �.,-� �. ............................................, , , , ………………………..��1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"�/1 �1 �1 �1 �2�2�2�2�////�2��2��2��2�////��' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"� Ward No . . . .………, …………………………..Rural Municipality/Sub

    Metropolitan/Metropolitan/Municipality

    ..………..��%4��%4��%4��%4))))……………..Province) ��� ���� ���� !��� ���� ���� !��� ���� ���� !��� ���� ���� !

    (Birth Registration Certificate)

    ���� ���' ���� ���' ���� ���' ���� ���' ((((Registration No.): ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ((((Registration Date): 5,5,5,5,....�. �. �. �. ..................... (......... (......... (......... (…………….A.D.)

    �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Name: ��� ������� ������� ������� ����/Date of Birth: 5,.�.. / (A. D.) �&6�&6�&6�&6////Sex ()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����: Permanent Address: ��� ()����� ()����� ()����� ()��/Birth Place: ���%"#���%"#���%"#���%"# �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Nameof Grandfather: ����"# 5,,'�����"# 5,,'�����"# 5,,'�����"# 5,,'� ((((Father's Details)

    �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Name : 8'� 8'� 8'� 8'� ! ! ! ! �.�.�.�.. (. (. (. (���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"��////'�2����'�2����'�2����'�2����) / ) / ) / ) / ID (Citizenship/Passport): /

    9��"#9��"#9��"#9��"# 5,,'� 5,,'� 5,,'� 5,,'� Mother’s Details

    �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Name : 8'� 8'� 8'� 8'� ! ! ! ! �.�.�.�.. (. (. (. (���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"��////'�2����'�2����'�2����'�2����) / ) / ) / ) / ID (Citizenship/Passport): /

    ���""#���""#���""#���""# 5,,'� 5,,'� 5,,'� 5,,'� Informant’s Name

    ������������: Name: 8'� 8'� 8'� 8'� ! ! ! ! �.�.�.�.. (. (. (. (���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"��////'�2����'�2����'�2����'�2����) / ) / ) / ) / ID (Citizenship/Passport): /

    .

    �2+ (Signature): ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���: Name of Local Registrar:

    "���&"# :� "���&"# :� "���&"# :� "���&"# :� //// Official Stamp

  • 73

    �;<� ���� �;<� ���� �;<� ���� �;<� ���� ���� !���� !���� !���� ! ((((Death Registration Certificate))))

    ���� �.���� �.���� �.���� �..... (Registration No.): ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� (Registration Date): 5,.�.. …………………….. (…………………A.D)

    �;�"�;�"�;�"�;�""#"#"#"# �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Deceased Full Name ) In English): �;�""# 8'� ! �;�""# 8'� ! �;�""# 8'� ! �;�""# 8'� ! �.�.�.�..... ((((���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"�� / / / / '�2����'�2����'�2����'�2����)))) ID of Deceased (Citizenship/Passport)::::

    �;<� >?"# ���� �;<� >?"# ���� �;<� >?"# ���� �;<� >?"# ���� (Date of Death): 5, .�................................. . / (…………………………… A.D.) �;<� >?"#�;<� >?"#�;<� >?"#�;<� >?"# ()�� ()�� ()�� ()�� (Place of Death): ()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ���� : Permanent Address: ���%"#���%"#���%"#���%"# �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� :::: Full Nameof Grandfather: ����"#����"#����"#����"# �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� :::: Full Name ofFather : 9��"# �'� ��� 9��"# �'� ��� 9��"# �'� ��� 9��"# �'� ��� :::: Full Name ofMother : �� �� �� ��/ @� @� @� @�"#"#"#"# �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Name ofHusband/Wife: ���""# 5,,'����""# 5,,'����""# 5,,'����""# 5,,'� Informant’s Detail

    �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Name: 8'� ! �. 8'� ! �. 8'� ! �. 8'� ! �.. (. (. (. (���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"��////'�2����'�2����'�2����'�2����)))) ID(Citizenship/Passport):.:.:.:.

    �������-A (��� � ��� �������)

    �;<� ���� ���� !"# $���� �% �& �'"�' (Government of Nepal)

    ()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���& (Office of Local Registrar) ,-� �......... .,………………………..��1� ��&"�/1 �2� /�2�/��' ��&"�

    Ward No .………, …………………………..Rural Municipality/Sub Metropolitan/Metropolitan/Municipality ………….��%4)…………..Province)

    �2+�2+�2+�2+ (Signature):

    ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���: Name of Local Registrar:

    "���&"# :� "���&"# :� "���&"# :� "���&"# :� //// Official Stamp

  • 74

    �������-1C (��� 7 ��� �������)

    5,,�2 ���� ���� !"# $���� �% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�' (Government of Nepal)

    ()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���& (Office of Local Registrar) ,-� ,-� ,-� ,-� �.�.�.�.....................................,………………………..��1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"�/1 �2�1 �2�1 �2�1 �2�////�2��2��2��2�////��' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"�

    Ward No. . . . ………, ………………………….,,,,Rural Municipality/Sub Metropolitan/Metropolitan/Municipality

    ..…….��%4 ��%4 ��%4 ��%4 (…………..Province)

    5,,�2 ���� ���� ! 5,,�2 ���� ���� ! 5,,�2 ���� ���� ! 5,,�2 ���� ���� ! ((((Marriage Registration Certificate))))

    ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� (Date): 5,.�..………………… (……………………….A.D.) ���� �.���� �.���� �.���� �.....(Registration No.): 5,,�2 ����5,,�2 ����5,,�2 ����5,,�2 ���� (Marriage Date): 5,.�..………………. (……………...A.D.) 5,,�2 �"�'5,,�2 �"�'5,,�2 �"�'5,,�2 �"�' (Marriage Type): ……………………./……………………………… ��&�2�(Bridegroom) ��&2+(Bride)

    5,,'�5,,'�5,,'�5,,'� ((((Details) ��&�2���&�2���&�2���&�2� (Bridegroom) ��&2+��&2+��&2+��&2+ (Bride) �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� : Full Name: ��� ������� ������� ������� ����: 5, .�.. 5, .�.. Dateof Birth: A.D. A.D.

    ���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"��////'�2���� �.'�2���� �.'�2���� �.'�2���� �..... Citizenship/passport No.: ()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����: Permanent Address:

    ����"# �'� �������"# �'� �������"# �'� �������"# �'� ���: Full Nameof Father:

    9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���: Full Name of Mother: ���%"# �'� ������%"# �'� ������%"# �'� ������%"# �'� ���: Full Name of Grandfather:

    �2+�2+�2+�2+ (Signature): ()��� ()��� ()��� ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ��� *�"���"�'+"# ��� *�"���"�'+"# ��� *�"���"�'+"# ���: Name of Local Registrar:

    ��&�2�"# E#F#

    ��&2+"# E#F#

    काया�लयको छापकाया�लयको छापकाया�लयको छापकाया�लयको छाप////Official Stamp

  • 75

    �������-G (��� � ��� �������)

    ����� 5,H:%� ���� ���� !"# $���� �% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�' (Government of Nepal)

    ()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���& (Office of Local Registrar) ,-� �.,-� �.,-� �.,-� �.....................................,………………………..��1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"�/1 �2�1 �2�1 �2�1 �2� ////�2��2��2��2�////��' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"�

    Ward No . . . .………, ……………………Rural Municipality/Sub Metropolitan/Metropolitan/Municipality ……….��%4��%4��%4��%4 ((((…............…….Province)

    ����� 5,H:%� ���� ���� !����� 5,H:%� ���� ���� !����� 5,H:%� ���� ���� !����� 5,H:%� ���� ���� ! ((((Divorce Registration Certificate))))

    ���� �.���� �.���� �.���� �..... (Registration No.): ���� �������� �������� �������� ���� (Registration Date): 5,.�.. …………...………… (…………….....………A.D.) ����� 5,H:%� ��������� 5,H:%� ��������� 5,H:%� ��������� 5,H:%� ���� (Divorce Date): 5,.�.. ...................... (……………………………A.D.) ���&�"# ������&�"# ������&�"# ������&�"# ��� / Name of Court: / ���&�"# 7% �������&�"# 7% �������&�"# 7% �������&�"# 7% ����: Address of Court:::: ���� �.���� �.���� �.���� �...../Decision No.: / ���� �������� �������� �������� ����/Decision Date: 5,.�.. ............................ (.................................. A.D.) 5,,'�5,,'�5,,'�5,,'� ((((Details) �� �� �� �� (Husband) @� @� @� @� (Wife) �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ���: Full Name:

    ��� ������� ������� ������� ����: 5, .�.. 5, .�.. Date of Birth: A.D. A.D. ���8'"�� �.���8'"�� �.���8'"�� �.���8'"�� �...../'�2���� �.'�2���� �.'�2���� �.'�2���� �..... Citizenship No./Passport No. ()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����()�� 7% ����: Permanent Address : ����"# �'� �������"# �'� �������"# �'� �������"# �'� ���: Full Name ofFather:

    9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���: Full Name ofMother:

    ���"���"���"���"/Informant:

    �2+�2+�2+�2+ (Signature):

    ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���: Name of Local Registrar:

    काया�लयको छापकाया�लयको छापकाया�लयको छापकाया�लयको छाप////Official Stamp

  • 76

    �������-I (��� � ��� �������)

    ���J��'�K ���� ���� !"# $���� �% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�'�% �& �'"�' (Government of Nepal)

    ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ()��� *�"���"�'+"# "���&"���&"���&"���& (Office of Local Registrar) ,-� �.,-� �.,-� �.,-� �.....................................,………………………..��1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"���1� ��&"�/1 �2�1 �2�1 �2�1 �2� ////�2��2��2��2� ////��' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"���' ��&"�

    Ward No . . . .………, …………………………..Rural Municipality/Sub Metropolitan/Metropolitan/Municipality ……………..��%4 ��%4 ��%4 ��%4 ))))……………Province)

    ���J��'�K ���� ���� !���J��'�K ���� ���� !���J��'�K ���� ���� !���J��'�K ���� ���� ! (Migration Registration Certificate)

    ���� �.���� �.���� �.���� �.....(Registration No.): ���� �������� �������� �������� ����(Registration Date): 5,.�.. ………….............……….. (…………….............………………A.D.) ���"���"���"���""#"#"#"# �'� �'� �'� �'� ������������ Applicant's Full Name

    ()�� ()�� ()�� ()�� 7% ����7% ����7% ����7% ���� Permanent Address ���8'"�� �.���8'"�� �.���8'"�� �.���8'"�� �..... CitizenshipNo.

    ���"���"���"���""#"#"#"# ����"#����"#����"#����"# �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� �'� ��� Full Name of Father of Informant ���"���"���"���""#"#"#"# 9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ���9��"# �'� ��� Full name of Mother of Informant ���J����J����J����J� �'+�'+�'+�'+ 9?"# 7% ����9?"# 7% ����9?"# 7% ����9?"# 7% ���� Address Migrated from

    �8',�8'" 5,,'� �8',�8'" 5,,'� �8',�8'" 5,,'� �8',�8'" 5,,'�

    LLLL....�.�.�.�..... �'� �'� �'� �'� ������������ (Full Name ) ��� ������� ������� ������� ���� (Date of Birth)

    ���"���"# �������"���"# �������"���"# �������"���"# ���� (Relation with

    Informant)

    8'� ! �. 8'� ! �. 8'� ! �. 8'� ! �..... /ID ((((���8'"�����8'"�����8'"�����8'"��////��� ���� �.��� ���� �.��� ���� �.��� ���� �...../ Ctz. No. /Birth Reg. No.)

    1

    2 A 3 C 4

    �2+�2+�2+�2+ (Signature): ()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���()��� *�"���"�'+"# ���: Name of Local Registrar: "���&"# :� "���&"# :� "���&"# :� "���&"# :� ////Official StampÆ

  • 77

    JolQmut 36gf bt{f k|df0fkq eg{] ljlw

    != ldlt ljqmd ;Datdf n]Vbf -;fn–dlxgf–ut]_ YYYY–MM–DD 9fFrf k|of]u ug{].

    @= ldlt O:jL ;Datdf n]Vbf -ut]–dlxgf–;fn_ DD–MM–YYYY 9fFrf k|of]u ug{] .

    #= g]kfnsf] :yfoL 7]ufgf n]Vbf–ufFpkflnsf ÷ gu/kflnsf–j8f g+=, lhNnf, k|b]z n]Vg] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf–j8f g+ #, sf7df8f}+, k|b]z g+= #

    $= ljb]zsf] :yfoL 7]ufgf n]Vbf-b]z, k|f]leG;÷:6]6, :yfgLo 7]ufgf_ n]Vg] .

    %= kl/rokq g+=

    s= g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s ePdf gful/stf g+= n]Vg].

    v= gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s ePdf hGdbt{f g+= n]Vg].

    u= ljb]zL gful/s ePdf /fxbfgL g+= / hf/L b]z n]Vg] .

    3= ef/tLo gful/s ePdf /fxbfgL g+=jf ef/t ;/sf/af6 hf/L klxrfg v'Ng] ;/sf/L kl/rokq g+= n]Vg] .

    ª= e'6fgL z/0ffy{L ePdf z/0ffy{L kl/rokq g+= n]Vg] .

    r= ltAatL z/0ffy{L ePdf z/0ffy{L kl/rokq g+= n]Vg] .

    ^= sfo{fnosf] 5fk nufpFbf k|df0fkqdf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf dfq nufpg] .

    &= x:tfIf/ ub{f b}lgs sfo{fnodf k|of]u ug{] s'g} Ps g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL x:tfIf/ dfq k|of]u ug{] .

    *= ljjfxbt{f k|df0fkqdf klt–kTgLsf] #% X #% ld=ld=sf] /+lug kmf]6f k|of]u ug{] .

    (= :yfgLo k~hLsflwsf/Ln] ktL–kTgL b'a} hgfsf] kmf]6f]df kg{] u/L x:tfIf/ ug{] / 5fk nufpg].

    !)= cbfntsf] 7]ufgfM

    • b]z leqsf]M cbfnt /x]sf] :yfoL 7]ufgf -ufpFkflnsf ÷ gu/kflnsf, lhNnf, k|b]z_

    • ljb]zL ePdfM b]z, Province/State, Local Address

  • 78

    JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kqx?

    != hGd btf{

    -s_ hGd btf{ ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^@.%.#) df ePsf] k/dfb]z

    ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;Djt\ @)^) ;fnsf] l/6 g+= !@! df dfggLo Gofoflwzx? >L cg'k/fh zdf{, zf/bfk|;fb kl08t / ch'{gk|;fb l;+xsf] ljz]if Ohnf;af6 afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ldlt @)^@÷%÷#) df ePsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cfb]z sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no sfg"g zfvfsf] ldlt @)^@÷*÷( sf] r=g+= @!! sf] kq tyf sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfno, th'{df zfvfsf] ldlt @)^@÷!)÷$ sf] r=g+= *^ sf] kqaf6 n]vL cfPsf] x'Fbf ;a} kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljifodf lgb]{zg ePsf] 5 .

    -!_ JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df /x]sf] æhGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] k'?ifx?dWo] ;a}eGbf h]7f] JolQmn]Æ eGg] jfSof+z /x]sf] æk'?ifx?dWo]Æ eGg] jfSof+z ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#! cg';f/ lgis[o x'g] 7x5{ .

    ctM pQm bkmfaf6 ;f] jfSof+z lemlsPkl5 kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] JolQmn] ;"rs eO{ hGd tyf d[To'sf] 36gf btf{ u/fpg ;Sg] .

    -@_ jfbL ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx? nufot afa'sf] 7]ufg gnfu]sf] ;a} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ afa'sf] 7]ufg gePsf] eGg] sf/0fn] lghx?sf] hGd btf{ ug{ OGsf/ gug'{ ======= .

    ctM afa'sf] 7]ufg gnfu]sf] afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug{ ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] afa'sf] ljj/0fsf] dxndf 7]ufg gePsf] Joxf]/f n]lv cfdfn] ;"rs eO{ hGdsf] 36gf btf{ ug{ ;Sg] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt@)^@÷!)÷!# sf] kl/kq_

    -v_ hGd btf{df dfjnL afh] ;"rs aGg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ;DaGwdf ePsf] kl/kq

    sf]l/og gful/s hf]Ë ;f]Ëxf] / g]kfnL gful/s s~rg nfdf aLr @)^) ;fndf ljjfx eO{ lghx?sf] tkm{af6 ldlt @)^$.!.@$ df 5f]/f afbf hËsf] :t'kf ;fd'bflos c:ktfn, af}4 sf7df8f}+df hGd ePsf] / xfn aRrfsf] afa' cfdf b'a} sf]l/ofdf /x]sf] x'Fbf afa' ljb]zL / cfdf g]kfnL gful/saf6 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] hGd btf{ dfjnL afh]n] ;"rs eO{ hGd btf{ ug{ ldN5 ldNb}g egL lgb]{zg dfu e} cfPsfn] ;f] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf ædfjnL k§Lsf xh'/a'afnfO{ kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf ?kdf lng dgfl;j gx'g] ePsf]n] dfjnL tkm{af6 ;"rs x'g ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] ;f]xL adf]lhd n]vL k7fpg]Æ egL ldlt @)^$.!).@# df g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 lg0f{o ePsf]5 .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$÷!)÷@$ sf] kl/kq_

  • 79

    -u_ lnË g5'l§Psf aRrfx?sf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M

    dlxnf / k'?if b'j}sf] cË ePsf] ;Gtfg hGd]sf] / lrlsT;sx?af6 k|dfl0ft sfuhftx?df ;d]t b'j} lnË ePsf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] x'Fbf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ ul/ kfpg / lghsf] kl5 lnË Pp6} dfq sfod x'g uPdf ;f]xL cg';f/ hGd btf{df lnË sfod u/L gfd ;d]t ;+zf]wg ug{ lghn] rfx]df ;f] clwsf/ ;d]t sfod ul/lbg'x'g egLaf/f lhNnf aln/fdk'/ ( sf aRrfsf] afa' dbgk|;fb s'dL{sf] lgj]bg ldlt @)^$÷#÷$ df :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf] / pQm lgj]bg dfly sf/jfxL x'Fbf hGd btf{ ug{ kfpg' afnssf] clwsf/ ePsf] x'gfn] afa'n] ;"rgf kmf/fddf n]lvPsf] gfd /flv lnËsf] xsdf dlxnf / k'?if b'j} cË ePsf] Joxf]/f s}lkmotdf pNn]v u/L hGd btf{ ul/lbg] / cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4ltjf6 s'g} Pp6f lnË dfq} sfod x'g ;s]sf] v08df ;DalGwt c:ktfn jf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df hGd btf{sf] ljj/0fdf lnË pNn]v ug{ / lnËsf] cfwf/df gfd ;d]t kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ ePdf gfd ;d]t kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] u/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^$÷#÷& df lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$÷#÷!) sf] kl/kq_

    -3_ ljb]zdf hGdL afa'sf] kQf gnfu]sf] g]kfnL cfdfaf6 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM sf=d=kf= !( :yfoL 7]ufgf ePsL t'N;L b]jL zfxLsf] 5f]/f /f]lxt zfxLsf] hGd a]lNhoddf ePsf] aRrfsf] afa' afh]sf] gfd 7]ufgf ;d]t yfxf gePsf] cj:yfdf hGd btf{ ug{ ldNg]÷gldNg] ljifodf lgb]{zgsf] nflu dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos sf/jfxL eO{ sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] /fo dfu ul/Psf]df pQm dGqfnosf] k=;+= )^&÷^*, r=g+= !%, ldlt @)^&÷^÷$ sf] kqaf6 b]xfo cg';f/sf] /fo k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] hGd btf{ ;DaGwL cfjZos sf/jfxL x'g sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ n]lv k7fOPsf] .

    æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] cg';"rL–@ cGtu{t aRrfsf] hGd ;DaGwL ;"rgf btf{ u/fpg st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] eg'{kg]{ kmf/fddf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm aRrfsf] afa' afh]sf] gfd ;d]t pNn]v ug'{kg]{ eP tfklg sltko cj:yfdf gjhft lzz'sf] afa' afh] yfxf gx'g] cj:yf klg ;[hgf x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] To:tf] cj:yfdf kmf/fddf ;f] ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt cfpg ;S5 .

    hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ adf]lhd :jb]z tyf ljb]z hxfF;'s} hlGdPsf] JolQmsf] g]kfnleq btf{ x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] aRrf btf{ ;DaGwL kmf/fddf pNN]v ug{ g;lsg] lsl;dsf] s'g} ljj/0f pNn]v gePtfklg ;f] P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] l/t k'¥ofO{ e/]sf] kmf/fdsf] cfwf/df ljb]zdf hlGdPsf] lzz' sfg"g ;Ddt 9+uaf6 g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] eP ;f] sf] clen]v :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] /fvL To:tf] lzz' ljb]zdf hlGdPsf] s'/f -d'n's, :yfg / hGd ldlt_ :ki6 ?kdf v'nfO{ JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] lbPsf] ;"rgf adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;lxt sfg"g adf]lhd hGd btf{ ug{ gldNg] b]lv+b}g .Æ

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷^÷!$ sf] kq_

  • 80

    -ª_ wd{k'q/k'qLsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    lrtjg lhNnf, tTsfnLg k~rsGof uf=lj=;=–& 3/ eO{ klZrdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfndf a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] gfaflnsfnfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{no sf:sLaf6 wd{k'qL kfl/t u/]sf]n] ;"rs eO{ pQm wd{k'qLsf] hGd btf{ ug{ ldN5 jf ldNb}g egL lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnodf /fo dfu ul/Psf]df æa]jfl/;] gfaflnsfnfO{ lgj]lbsf ;'>L /rgf b]jL u'?Ën] sfg"g adf]lhd wd{k'qL /fv]sf] / To;/L /flvPsf] wd{k'qL g]kfn sfg"g JofVof ;DaGwL P]g, @)!) sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -d!_ df ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd 5f]/L ;/x x'g] b]lvG5 . hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df hGdsf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L sfof{nodf lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] / lgh gfaflnsfsf] xsdf lgj]lbsf g} kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQm dfGg'kg]{ x'Fbf lgh lgj]lbsfn] lbPsf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df To:tf] wd{k'qLsf] hGd btf{ ug{ sfg"gtM afwf x'g] b]lv+b}g .Æ

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷^÷!$ sf] kl/kq_

    -r_ sf/fuf/df /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ljifo afnclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]n] sf/fuf/df /x]sf dlxnfaf6 hGd]sf jf cfdf afa' sf/fuf/df /x]sf JolQmsf] ;fydf /x]sf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ x'g g;s]sf] eP ;DalGwt sf/fuf/af6 pQm afnaflnsfx? cfdf jf afa';Fu sf/fuf/df /x]sf] eGg] k|dfl0ft eO{ cfPdf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt sfuhkqx? ;+nUg u/L ;f]xL :yfgsf] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf hGd btf{ ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

    -5_ lj=;+=@)^# ;fndf hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf g]kfnL gful/ssf ;Gtfgx?sf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf

    /fdu|fd gu/kflnsf cGtu{t a;f]af; ul//x]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?n] @)^# ;fndf hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf]df To:tf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] lghx?n] gful/stf k|fKt ug'{eGbf cufj} / 36gf btf{ nfu" x'g'eGbf k5fl8 hGd ePsf / xfn;Dd hGd btf{ gu/fPsf

    afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ u/fpg ldNg] jf gldNg] s] xf] ? cfjZos lgb]{zg dfu ePsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn

    ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)&).!.( df lgDgfg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf]n] lg0f{ofg';f/ ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

    -!_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f * sf] pkwf/f -%_ / g]kfn gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $ adf]lhd hGdsf] cfwf/df @)^# ;fndf g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] lghx?n] gful/stf k|fKt ug'{eGbf cufj} hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## nfu" ePkl5 hGd ePsf / xfn;Dd hGd btf{ gu/fPsf afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ug{ ldNg] g} b]lvG5 .

  • 81

    -@_ hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf JolQmsf] g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt ug'{ cufj} hGd]sf ;Gtfgsf] hGd btf{ ubf{ eg]{ hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fddf afa' cfdfsf] dxndf s'g ljj/0f pNn]v ug]{ ;DaGwdf gjhft lzz'sf] afa' cfdfn] h'g ljj/0f e/L g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf 5g\, ;f]xL ljj/0f hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] afa'cfdfsf] dxndf pNn]v ug]{ .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+=*!!, ldlt @)&).!.@@ sf] kl/kq_

    -h_ ljb]zL gful/ssf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf

    c:ktfndf hGd]sf aRrfx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt c:ktfnsf] 8fS6/sf] l;kmfl/z / /fli6«otf :ki6 x'g] /fxbfgL jf To:t} s'g} k|df0f / 3/df hGd]sf aRrfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt b]zsf] /fhb"tfjf;÷lgof]usf] l;kmfl/; / /fli6«otf :ki6 x'g] /fxbfgL jf To:t} s'g} k|df0fsf] cfwf/df btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq lbg] / ;DalGwt b]zsf] gfd pNn]v ug]{ .

    -em_ z}lIfs k|df0fkqdf hGd ldlt ;Rofpg] ;DaGwdf M

    k|:t't ljifodf hGd d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g @)## / ;f] ;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)#$ n] Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nojf6 k|bfg ul/g] hGd btf{ k|df0fkq / z}lIfs lgsfo tyf kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{nojf6 k|bfg ul/g] k|df0fkqdf hGd ldltdf Ps?ktf sfod ug]{ / hGd ldlt km/s k/]df z}lIfs k|df0fkqdf hGd ldlt ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf lzIff dGqfnodf o; dGqfnosf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+=(#% ldlt @)&)÷@÷@! sf] kqjf6 hfgsf/L pknAw u/fOlbg cg'/f]w ul/ k7fOPsf]df pQm dGqfnosf] k=;+= @)&)÷&! r=g+=!^# ldlt @)&)÷%÷!* sf] kqjf6 ædfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ -P;=Pn=;L_ kl/Iff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* sf] kl/R5]b–!! cg';f/ dfq hGd ldlt ;DaGwdf clen]v ;Rofpg ldNg] /fo k7fpg] eGg] ldlt @)&)÷%÷!^ df ;lrj:tl/o lg0f{o ePsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w ul/G5Æ elg n]lv cfPsf] 5 .

    pQm lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ P;=Pn=;L=sf] /lhi6«]zg jf cfj]bg kmf/d ebf{ gfd jf y/sf] lxHh] jf hGd ldlt km/s kg{ uPdf kl/Iff x'g' cufj} lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 / P;=Pn=;L=sf] z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf] gfd, y/ jf hGd ldltdf ;+zf]wg ug{ k/]df glthf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgf leq k|d'v lhNNff clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ ;+z]fwg ug]{ lg0f{o ePdf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnojf6 clen]v ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f ;+nUg sfuhftjf6 cWoog ug'{ eO{ hGd btf{ k|df0fkqdf hGd ldlt ;+zf]wgsf] nflu :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] cg'dlt dfu ubf{ pQm k|lqmofjf6 ;+zf]wg gx'g] hGd ldlt dfq ;+zf]wg ug{ hGd d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## / ;f] ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)#$ n] Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ kl~hsflwsf/L ;dIf lgb]{zg dfu ug]{ Joj:yf x'g lzIff dGqfnojf6 k|fKt dfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ -P;=Pn=;L_ kl/Iff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* sf] kl/R5]b–!! sf] k|lt o;} ;fy ;+nUg /flv k7fOPsf] Joxf]/f cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).%.@^ sf] kl/kq_

  • 82

    dfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ -P;Pn;L_ k/LIff ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* kl/R5]b !!

    clen]v ;Rofpg]] ;DjGwL Joj:yf $%= clen]v ;Rofpg] ;DjGwL !_ /lhi6«]zg jf cfj]bg kmf/fd ebf{ gfd jf y/sf lxHh] jf hGdldlt km/s kg{ uPdf kl/Iff x'g'

    eGbf cufj} kl/IffyL{n] ;+;f]wgsf nflu cfjZos k|df0f ;lxt ;DjlGwt ljBfnodf lgj]bg lbO{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;d]tsf] l;kmfl/zdf kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . pQm k|df0fx?sf] cfwf/df sfof{non] k/LIffkmn k|sfzg cufj} clen]v ;+zf]wg ug]{5 .

    @_ gfd y/ jf hGdldlt ;+zf]wg ug'{k/]df glthf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq ;Ifd lgsfodf lgj]bg lbO{ Toxfjf6 ;+zf]wgsf] lg0f{o ePdf pQm lg0f{osf] lg0f{o cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ ;DjlGwt If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zgfnojf6 clen]v ;+zf]wg ul/g]5 .

    o; v08 jdf]lhd gfd y/ jf hGdldlt Psk6s eGbf j9L ;+zf]wg ul/g]5}g .

    :ki6Ls/0fM o; v08df ;Ifd lgsfo eGgfn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clesf/L eGg] a'lemG5 .

    #_ v08 -@_ df Psdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf eP tfklg cfj]bg jf /lhi6«]zg kmf/fddf e/] cg';f/ gfd jf y/sf] lxHh] jf hGdldlt gldn]df ;Ssn k|j]zkq jf /lhi6«]zgsf cw{s§L;lxt sfof{no jf ;DjlGwt If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zgfnodf lgj]bg lbO{ h'g;'s} ;dodf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

    $_ k/LIffyL{sf] gfd jf y/ jf hGdldlt jf cGo ljj/0f k'/} jf cf+lzs ?kdf km/s kg{ uPdf k/LIffyL{jf6 cfjZos k|df0f lnO{ sfof{nodf /x]sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd k/LIffyL{sf] b}lgs xflh/L nufotsf k|df0fx? le8fO{ sfof{non] ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    %_ gfd jf y/df 5kfOsf] sf/0fjf6 dfqf cIf/ 5'6 jf s§L ePdf / cu|]hLdf n]Vbf lxHh]df km/s kg{ uPdf lnË tyf y/ kl/jt{g gx'g] / tflTjs cy{ km/s gkg]{ u/L ;DjlGwt k/LIffyL{af6 cfjZos k|df0f lnO sfof{no jf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    ^_ b'O{ jf a9L dfs{l;6x? eO{ k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf k/LIffyL{x?sf] xsdf Pscsf{;+u gfd jf y/sf] lxHh] jf hGd ldltnufotsf ljj/0f km/s kg{ uPdf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] s'g} Pp6f;+u Ps?ktf sfod ug{ csf]{df ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    &_ s'g} k/LIfyL{n] ;'? gfd / aLr gfd hf]8\g jf 5'6ofpg cyjf ;+If]kLs[t zAbdf yf]Knf] /fVg jf x6fpg dfu u/]df lgh;+u cfjZos k|df0f lnO{ sfof{no jf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] dfu jdf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 .

    :ki6Ls/0f v08 % / & sf] k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos k|df0f eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt cflwsfl/s lgsfo jf s"6gLlts lgsfojf6 hf/L ePsf k|df0fkq jf sfuhft eGg] a'lemG5 . -pbfx/0fsf nflu gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq, dflyNnf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; cflb . *_ dfs{n]h/df ljj/0f k|dfl0ft u/fpg] ;+zf]wg eP kZrft sfod ePsf ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf

    dfs{n]h/df clws[t sd{rf/L4f/f n]vfO{ k|dfl0ft u/fO{ /fVg'kg]{5 .

  • 83

    -`_ jfj'–cfdf gePsf JolQmsf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ JolQm ;"rs aGg] ;DaGwdf M

    k|:t't ljifodf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no eQmk'/sf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+= @#!* ldlt @)&)÷#÷@$ sf] kq / vFfbjf/L gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;+v'jf;efsf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+=%)*! ldlt @)&)÷#÷!$ sf] kqsf] ;Gbe{df n]lvb}+5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf s6'Gh]–& eQmk'/ lgjf;L eQm jxfb'/ cR5fdLn] ef~hf j'n]6 cR5fdLsf] jfj' cfdf sf]xL gePsf] x'Fbf kfng kf]if0f u/]s]f / dfdfn] hGd btf{ ug{sf] nflu ;"rs jGg kfpg] jf gkfpg] ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg dfu u/]sf] ;fy} vfFbjf/L g=kf=–!# j:g] 6]s jxfb'/ blh{n];fnLsf] 5f]/f ;GbLk bhL{ -jfj'sf] kQf gnfu]sf]_ nfO{ kfngkf]if0f ul/ /fv]sf] / ;GbLk bhL{sf] cfdfsf] ;d]t d[To' eO;s]s]f cj:yfdf ;"rs jGgsf] nflu dfu u/]sf]df hGd btf{ ug{ kfngkf]if0f ug]{ dfdf / 7"nf] a'af gftf kg]{ JolQm hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ cg';f/ ;"rs jGg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ljifodf lgb]{zg dfu ePsf] ;Gbe{df sf/jfxL x'Fbf o; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&)÷$÷@! sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{ _ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ n] hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] JolQmn] lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] tyf ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -$_ df hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] JolQmn] bkmf -$_ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L uf=lj=;=sf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=sf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj / gu/kflnsfsf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v jf pkk|d'v / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt j8f ;lrjsf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df sfo{sf/L clws[t / j8f ;lrjsf] Joj:yf gePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf sfo{sf/L clws[tnfO{ ;"rs tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;"rgfn] afa' kQf gnfu]sf] / cfdfsf] d[To' eO{ gft]bf/ nufotn] kfngkf]if0f ul//x]sf afnsx?sf] hGd btf{nfO{ ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug]{ g} b]lvPsf] / pQm ;"rgfnfO{ cGoyf eGg kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t gb]lvPsf] ;Gbe{df k'gM csf]{ Joj:yf ul//xg kg]{ gb]lv+bf ldlt )%(÷!!÷@^ sf] ;"rgf adf]lhd g} ug{ u/fpg pko'Qm x'g]Æ . eGg] lg0f{o ePsf]n] cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu lg0f{ocg';f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).$.@& sf] kl/kq_

    -6_ hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] wd{;DaGwL dxndf ul/Psf] ;+zf]wg ;DaGwdf M

    hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] cg';"rL–@ sf] hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] v08 #-5_ df ePsf] wd{;DaGwL dxndf lxGb', af}4, d'l:nd, lqmlZrog / cGo egL pNn]v ePsf]df ca pk/fGt ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] æwd{Æ ;DaGwL dxndf ævfnL sf]i7Æ /fvL ;DalGwt ;"rsn] g} cfˆgf] wd{ pNn]v ug{ ;Sg] u/L kmf/fdsf] Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^&÷&÷!@ df lg0f{o ePsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷&÷!# sf] kl/kq _

  • 84

    @= d[To' btf{ ;DaGwL

    -s_ d[To' btf{sf] ;"rgf ljjflxt 5f]/Ln] klg lbg ;Sg] u/L ePsf] Joj:yfM

    g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;f]xL bkmfsf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd cfdf jf afa'sf] d[To' ePsf] ;"rgf lbg] st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf ljjflxt 5f]/Ln] klg To:tf] ;"rgf lbg ;Sg] u/L tf]s]sf]n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

    -g]kfn /fhkq, efu % ldlt @)^&.!).!) df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_

    -v_ sd{rf/L sfo{/t ePsf] lhNnfdf d[To' ePdf d[To' btf{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfM

    æcGo lhNnfaf6 cfO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{/t /x]sf] 7fpFmdf lgwg x'g uPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|dfl0ft u/L lbPsf] cfwf/df lghsf] >Ldfg\÷>LdtLn] jf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] ;"rs eO{ b/vf:t u/]df JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ul/lbg] . d[tssf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5, hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; dGqfnodf k7fO{lbg]Æ .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%(÷^÷@# sf] kl/kq_

    -u_ ljb]zL gful/ssf] d[To' btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf

    s= c:ktfn jf k|x/L k|ltj]bg,

    v= ;DalGwt b]zsf] /fhb"tfjf;sf] l;kmfl/; jf s'g} sfof{no jf of]hgfdf sfo{/t /x]sf] eP k|d'vsf] l/tk"j{ssf] kq .

    dfly plNnlvt k|df0fx? k]z u/L 36gf 36]sf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

    u= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf 36\g uPsf 36gf :yfg cg';f/ btf{ ug{ c;'ljwf kg{ cfPdf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

    -3_ d[To" btf{ k|dfkqdf :yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/L ;'rs al;lbg] ;DaGwdf M

    k|:t't ljifodf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf=d=kf= @$ j8fx? lgj]lbsf OZj/L >]i7sf] km"km" gftf kg]{ zf/bf b]jL >]i7sf] d[To" btf{ k|df0f kq dfu ePsf] ljifodf d[tssf] glhssf] gft]bf/ sf]xL gePsf] cj:yfdf dfq sf7df8f}+ d=kf= k|d"v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[t ;"rs j:g] Joj:yf ePsf]n] klbo bfloTj lgjf{x ubf{ gful/stf g+= pNn]=v u/L NofKr] ;lx5fk ug{ pko"Qm gx'g] Joxf]/f ;+3lo dfldnf tyf ;yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf n]vL k7fpg] elg sf=d=kf=sf] ldlt @)&).!.!# df lg0f{o eO{ cfPsf] kqsf] ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnojf6 cfjZos sf/jfxL x'bfF ldlt @)&).@.@) df dgqfnojf6 lgDgfg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf]n] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w 5 .

  • 85

    !_ hGd, d[To" tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ df hGd tyf d[To"sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] JolQmn] hGd tyf d[To"sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 ldlt @)%(.!!.@^ df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|slzt u/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] xsdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj / gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf gu/kflnsfsf] k|d"v jf pkk|d'v / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf sfo{sf/L clws[tnfO{ ;"rs tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 .

    @_ hGd, d[To" tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] cg';"rL–@ / # n] qmdzM hGd tyf d[To"sf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf tf]s]sf] / pQm 9fFrfdf ;"rssf] gfd y/, 7]ufgf gful/stf k|df0fkq gDj/, gful/stf k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf] ldlt / lhNnf pNn]v ug'{kgf{sf] ;fy} bfofF afFof cf}+7fsf] NofKr] 5fk ;d]t nufpg'' kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] plNnlvt ;"rgfg';f/ ;fj{hlgs kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm hGd / d[To"sf] ;"rs jGg' kg]{ cj:yfdf hGd / d[To"sf] ;"rgf kmf/fddf lghsf] gfd y/, kb, b:tvt, ldlt / sfof{nosf] 5fk nufpFbf Tof] k|ofKt x'g] eO{ Jojxfl/s ;d]t x'g] b]lvPsf] ;Gbe{df lghx?sf] xsdf gfd y/, kb, b:tvt / ldlt pNn]v u/L sfof{nosf] 5fk nufpg] .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).@.@@ sf] kl/kq_

    #= ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL

    -s_ ljb]zL gful/s / g]kfnL gful/s aLr ePsf] ljjfxsf] btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    ;fljsdf ljjfx btf{ P]g, @)@* cg';f/ ljjfx btf{ ug]{ clwsf/L -k|=lh=c=_ åf/f k|bQ k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df dfq :yfgLo klGhsflwsfl/n] ljjfx btf{ ul/ k|df0fkq lbg] Joj:yf ePsf]df ldlt @)&%.)%.)! ut] b]lv sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ hf/L ePkl5ljjfx btf{ P]g, @)@* vf/]h ePsf]n] d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ df ePsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ ug{'kg]{ .

    -v_ ax'ljjfx tyf afn ljjfx btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt /fo M

    -!_ æ;Djt @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut]af6 nfu" x'g] d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g -o;kl5 ck/fw ;+lxtf elgPsf]_ @)&$ sf] bkmf ! n] afn ljjfx / bkmf !&% n] ax'ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;Gbe{df hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## -o;kl5 P]g elgPsf]_ adf]lhd afn ljjfx tyf ax'ljjfxsf] 36gf btf{ ug{ ldNg] jf gldNg] eGg] ;DaGedf xfn k|rlnt d'n'sL P]g tyf cfufdL efb| ! ut]af6 nfu" x'g nfu]sf] ck/fw ;+lxtfn] afn ljjfx tyf ax'ljjfxsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ g} x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . d'n'sL P]gsf] ljxfj/L dxnsf] @ g+= n] aL; jif{ gk'uL ePsf]

  • 86

    ljjfxdf ;hfosf] Joj:yf u/L To;/L afn ljjfx ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Gtfg hlGd;s]sf /x]g5 eg] aL; jif{ pd]/ k'u]kl5 d~h'/L gu/] To:tf] ljjfx ab/ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfn] afn ljjfxdf ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf u/] klg eO;s]sf] afnljjfx :jtM ab/ -Ab initio void_ x'g] Joj:yf gu/L kIfn] rfx]df ab/ u/fpg ;Sg] -voidable_ ;Ddsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L d'n'sL P]g, ljxfj/L dxnsf] !) g+= n] ax'ljjfxnfO{ ck/fw 3f]lift u/L ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ax'ljjfx eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ax'ljjfxnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . xfn;Ddsf] plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfn] afn ljjfx tyf ax' ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g] Joj:yf gu/]sf] sf/0fn] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf % adf]lhd btf{ u/L bkmf ^ adf]lhdsf] btf{ k|df0fkq lbg] cEof; /lxcfPsf] 5 / ;f]xL sfg"gL ;Gbe{df o; dGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)%%÷!÷!* df txfF dGqfnonfO{ afn ljjfx tyf ax'ljjfx btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg] ;DaGwL sfg"gL /fo lbPsf] b]lvG5 .

    afn ljjfx tyf ax'ljjfxsf] xfnsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf / dfGotfnfO{ ;+jt\ @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut]af6 nfu" x'g nfu]sf] ck/fw ;+lxtfn] ;f]xL ?kdf lg/Gt/tf glbO{ ;f] ;+lxtfsf]] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -@_ n] aL; jif{ gk'uL ePsf] ljjfxnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvb}g . To:tf] afn ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;f]xL ;+lxtfsf] bkmf !&% sf] pkbkmf -%_ n] ax'ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;Gbe{df afn ljjfx / ax'ljjfx ;DaGwL sfg"gL b[li6sf]0f / dfGotf g} kl/jt{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . afn ljjfx / ax'ljjfxsf] sfg"gL cl:tTjnfO{ ;f] ;+lxtfn] :jLsf/ gu/L :jtM ab/ x'g] egL :ki6 ul/;s]kl5 To:tf] slyt afn ljjfx / ax'ljjfxsf] 36gfnfO{ dfGotf lbg] u/L hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## adf]lhd btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg cfpFb}g . afn ljjfx / ax'ljjfxnfO{ b08gLo dfq gagfO{ ;f] sf] sfg"gL cl:tTjnfO{ g} ;+lxtfn] :jtM ab/ x'g] ljifosf] ?kdf ls6fg ul/;s]kl5 To:tf] ljifosf] sfg"gL cl:tTjnfO{ hufpg] / :jLsf/ ug]{ u/L ;f] P]gsf] k|of]u ug{ ldNg] b]lvb}g . o; cj:yfdf To:tf] 36gfsf] ;Gbe{df ;f] P]gsf] bkmf % adf]lhd btf{ u/L bkmf ^ adf]lhd k|df0fkq lbg ldNg] b]lvb}g .

    ;Djt @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut] pk|fGt x'g] afn ljjfx / ax'ljjfxsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf s;}n] s'g} ;"rgf lbPdf To:tf 36gfsf] 5'§} clen]v /fvL tT;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf cfjZos sf/jfxL rnfpg :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;"rgf lbg jf n]vL k7fpg;Dd ;Sg] x'Fbf ;f] xb;Ddsf] sfdsf/jfxL ug{ ;lsg] .Æ

    -sfg"g,Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf] r=g+=^ ldlt @)&%.)$.@( af6k|fKt /fo _

    -@_ ætxfF dGqfnoaf6 dfu eO{ cfPsf] klxnf] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf x]bf{, d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ! sf] pkbKfmf -!_ df aL; jif{ gk'uL s;}n] ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd aL; jif{ gk'uL ePsf] ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf -&)_ sf] v08 -3_ df dlxnf / k'?if aLr ljjfx x'g] pd]/ aL; jif{ k"/f ePsf] x'g'kg]{ /x]sf] 5. aL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f gx'Fb} ljjfx u/]sf] kl/0fd:j?k jf cljjflxt cj:yfdf g} aRrf hlGdPdf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##

  • 87

    adf]lhd To:tf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ ug{ ldNg] jf gldNg] ;DaGwdf d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &% df æbkmf &@ adf]lhd ljjfx ab/ ePdf jf bkmf adf]lhd ljjfx ab/ u/fPdf To:tf] ljjfxaf6 hlGd;s]sf] jf bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] cj:yfdf hlGdPsf] lzz'sf] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xsdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}gÆ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]n] aL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f gx'Fb} ePsf] ljjfxsf] kl/0ffd:j?k jf cljjflxt cj:yfdf g} hlGdPsf lzz'sf] hGd btf{ ug{ afwf k/]sf] b]lvPg.

    g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( sf] pkwf/f -!_ df æk|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm\gf] klxrfg;lxt gfdfs/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5Æ egL pNn]v u/]s]f 5 . df}lns xssf] ?kdf /x]sf] pQm ;+j}wflgs clwsf/nfO{ /fHosf ;a} lgsfoaf6 sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . hGdbtf{sf] k|df0fkq afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg tyf xs clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo ePsf]n] sfg"gdf s'g} låljwf jf c:ki6tf b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf klg afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt, xs / clwsf/nfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL cy{ ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( sf] pkwf/f -!_ tyf d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &% cg';f/ cfdf / afa'sf] pd]/ aL; jif{ gePsf] cj:yfdf hlGdPsf] aRrf / ljjfx eOg;s]sf] cj:yfdf hlGdPsf] aRrfsf] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf % adf]lhd hGd btf{ u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf ^ adf]lhdsf] k|df0fkq lbg gldNg] egL cy{ ug{ gldNg] .

    ca, bf];|f] k|Zgsf] ;Gbe{df o; dGqfnosf] r=g+= ^, ldlt @)&%÷)$÷@( sf] kqaf6 ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut] b]lv afn ljjfx tyf ax'ljjfxsf] 36gfnfO{ btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg gldNg] /fo lbO;s]s]f cj:yf 5 . ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut] eGbf cufj} ePsf] ax'ljjfx jf aL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f gx'Fb} ePsf] ljjfxsf] 36gf ;fljs adf]lhd btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg ldNg] jf gldNg] ;DaGwdf x]bf{, ;fljs d'n'sL P]g ljxfj/L dxnsf] @ g+ df ljxfj/L ubf{ dlxnf / k'?ifsf] pd]/ aL; jif{ gk'uL ljxfj/L ug{ u/fpg x'bF}g egL ljjfxsf] pd]/ aL; jif{ /fv]sf] kfOG5 . ;f]xL g+= sf] b]xfo ( df ænf]Ug] dflg; jf :jf:gL dflg; dWo] s;}sf] pd]/ aL; jif{ gk'uL ljjfx ePsf] /x]5 / ;Gtfg klg hGd]sf /x]g5g\ eg] aL; jif{ pd]/ gk'uL ljjfx ePsf]n] aL; jif{ pd]/ k'u]kl5 d~h'/L gu/] To:tf] ljjfx ab/ ug{ kfpF5Æ eGg] Joj:yf /fvL aL; jif{ eGbf sd pd]/df ePsf] ljjfxnfO{ ab/of]Uo ljjfxsf] sf]6Ldf /fv]sf] / aL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePkl5 d~h'/ ePdf To:tf] ljjfx ;b/ x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .

    To;}u/L ax'ljjfxsf] ;Gbe{df ;fljs d'n'sL P]g, ljxfj/Lsf] dxnsf] !) g+= df ax'ljjfx ug]{nfO{ ;hfosf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] :jtM ab/ jf ab/of]Uo s] x'g] eGg] ljifodf df}g /x]sf] kfOG5 .

    afn ljjfx jf ax'ljjfxnfO{ ;fljs d'n'sL P]gn] :jtM ab/sf] sf]6Ldf g/fv]sf] sf/0f g} ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut] cufl8;Dd To:tf ljjfx hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## adf]lhd btf{ x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fljssf] d'n'sL P]gnfO{ d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf P]g, @)&$ ;d]t sfof{Gjogdf cfpFbf vf/]h ePsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn sfg"g JofVof ;DaGwL P]g, @)!) sf] bkmf $ sf] v08 -v_ df æo;/L vf/]h ePsf] P]gsf] cl3 rfn" ePsf] s'/f jf ;f] adf]lhd l/t k'¥ofO{ cl3 g} ul/Psf] s'g} sfd jf ef]lu;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ c;/ kfb}{gÆ eGg] Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;fljs d'n'sL P]g vf/]h x'g' cufl8 ePsf ax'ljjfx tyf afn ljjfx btf{ gePsf] cj:ydf klg :jtM ab/ x'g] b]lvb}g .

  • 88

    To;}u/L ;fljssf] d'n'sL P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfo{nfO{ s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg / vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -#_ n] arfp ;d]t u/]sf] b]lvbf ;fljssf] d'n'sL P]gn] ax'ljjfx / afn ljjfxnfO{ :jtM ab/ gdfgL ab/of]Uo ljjfxsf] >]0fLdf /fvL o:tf ljjfx hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## adf]lhd btf{ x'Fb} cfPsf]n] d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ n] ax'ljjfx / afn ljjfxnfO{ :jtM ab/sf] >]0fLdf /fvL pQm P]g nfu" ePsf] ldlt @)&%÷)%÷)! b]lv To:tf ljjfx btf{ ug{ gldNg] eP klg xfnsf] sfg"g nfu" x'g] ldlt @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut] eGbf cufl8 ePsf ax'ljjfx jf aL; jif{ gk'Ub} ePsf ljjfxsf] 36gfnO{ ;fljs adf]lhd ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn efb| ! ut] eGbf cufl8 o:tf ljjfx ePsf] xf] eGg] k|dfl0ft ePdf btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg ldNg] b]lvg] .Æ

    -;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] r=$* ldlt @)&%.)&.)& sf] k|fKt kqfg';f/ sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf] r=g+=!* ldlt @)&%.)^.@$ af6 k|fKt /fo _

    -u_ j]kQf ePsf gful/ssf] ljjfx btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    dxfb]j:yfg ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt, j8f g+= & sf7df8f+} a:g] sdnf yfG;'xfËn] ldlt @)%&÷!÷!) df lgZrn gsdL{;Fu ljjfx ePsf] t/ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf ljjfx btf{ geO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf g} klg lgZrn gsdL{nfO{ /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf] x'Fbf >Ldfg\sf] cg'kl:yltdf PSn} ljjfx btf{ u/L kfpg :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no, dxfb]j:yfg uf=lj=;=df lgj]bg btf{ ug'{ ePsf] / pQm kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] ljjfx btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu lgb]{zg dfu u/L o; dGqfnodf kq k7fPsf]df sf/jfxL x'Fbf /fHoåf/f jf cGo ;+3;+u7gx?af6 j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] xsdf ljjfx btf{ u/fpFbf b]xfosf] k|s[of k'¥ofO{ klt jf kTgLdWo] s'g} Ps kIf pkl:yt eO{ ljjfx btf{ u/fpg ;Sg] u/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^$÷^÷@* df lg0f{o ePsf] .

    -!_ /fHoåf/f jf cGo ;+3 ;+u7gåf/f jf cGo s'g} ;d"xåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQmsf] j}jflxs ;DaGw ePsf] eGg] ljifodf :yfgLo 7]ufgfdf -;"rs a;f]af; ug]{ j8f_ gf=k|=k=g+=, hf/L ldlt / hf/L ePsf] lhNnf ;d]tsf] ljj/0f v'n]sf] sDtLdf % hgfsf] ;h{ldg d''rNsf / j]kQf kfl/Psf jf ePsf k'?ifsf] >LdtL ;"rs ePsf] cj:yfdf pQm d'r'Nsfdf lgh ;"rssf ;f;' jf ;;'/f jf b]j/ jf h]7fh' ePdf lghx?dWo] ! hgf pQm ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ .

    -@_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u jf g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfno jf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 j]kQf kfl/Psf] eGg] k|df0fsf] sfuhftx? ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ .

    -3_ kltn] ljjfx btf{ ug{ O{Gsf/ u/]df ljjfx btf{sf] nflu ul/Psf] cj:yfM

    df]/Ë lhNnf, sbdfx uf=lj=;=, j8f g+= * a:g] z'lznf d08nn] ldlt @)^).!.! df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z ug'{ eP cg';f/ lghsf klt k|sfz d08nn] lgh lgj]bsnfO{ vfg nfpg glbO{ s'6lk6 u/L 3/af6 lgsfnf ul/ lbPsf] / lgh >Ldfg\ >LdtLaf6lgd{nf d08n ugufO{ gfdsL 5f]/Lsf] hGd eO{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no sbdfxaf6 hGd btf{ ;d]t eO{;s]sf]. lgh lgj]bs z'lznf d08nn]

  • 89

    vfg nfpg lbnfO{ kfpF egL df]/Ë lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ubf{ ;f] cbfntaf6 lgh k|sfz d08nn] lgh lgj]bsnfO{ >LdtL gftf sfod u/L vfg nufpg afkt jflif{s ?= *,))).– lbg] u/L km};nf ;d]t ePsf] ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 b]lvPsf] / ;f]xL d'2fdf ljkIfL k|sfz d08n ugufO{ ;d]t eO{ pQm km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg k/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 klg z'? cbfnts} km};nfnfO{ ;b/ u/]sf] ;Ssn sfuh k|df0fx?af6 b]lvG5 . lgh z'lznf d08n / k|sfz d08nsf] ljjfx btf{ u/fpg] l;nl;nfdf PstkmL{ z'lznf d08nsf] dfq lgj]bgsf cfwf/df lajfx btf{ k|df0f–kq lbg ldNg] xf], xf]O{g ;f] ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg kfpg cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf] ljifodf k]z x'Fbf k|sfz d08n ugufO{ / z'lznf d08n ugufO{sf] 5f]/L lgd{nf d08n ugufO{sf] ldlt )%$.$.!) df hGd ePsf] egL hGd btf{ k|df0f–kq lbO{ ;lsPsfn] pQm k|df0f–kqn] z'lznf d08n ugufO{sf] klt k|sfz d08n ugufO{ xf] eGg] k'i6L ePsf] / ;Ddflgt k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ;d]t gftf sfod ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ s}lkmot hgfO{ z'lznf d08n ugufO{sf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df ljjfx btf{ ul/ lbg] ul/ ldlt @)^).!.@% sf] lg0f{o ePsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷!÷#) sf] kl/kq_

    $= ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL

    -s_ ljb]zL cbfntaf6 ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf] cfwf/df ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    ;"rs >L :j]tf s'Fj/n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] ;"rgf kmf/fd cg';f/ Zj]tf s'jF/ / Hof]tLk|;fb lwtfnsf] aLrdf ldlt @)^)÷!)÷@& df ljjfx ePsf] / District Court Dougles County, Colorado df @@ hgj/L @))( df ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]df ljb]zL cbfntsf] cfb]z cg';f/ ePsf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug{ ldNg] jf gldNg] egL lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos sf/jfxL x'Fbf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df æJolQmut 36gf g]kfn /fHoaflx/ 36]sf] eP pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;f] 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm g]kfn /fHodf cfPkl5 lghn] ;f7L lbgleq ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5Æ egL pNn]v ePsf] / æ/fHo aflx/Æ eGgfn] ljb]z hgfpg] x'Fbf g]kfn;Fu bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf d'n'ssf cbfntn] u/]sf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] km};nfnfO{ cfwf/ dflg hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] 36gf btf{ u/L ;DalGwtnfO{ k|df0f–kq lbg ;lsg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^^÷*÷$ df lg0f{o ePsf] .

  • 90

    -v_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    sf=d=kf= #) df 8]/f u/L a:g] >LdtL h'gf /fpt -sfsL{_ / sLlt{k'/ g=kf=, j8f g+= @ 8]/f u/L a:g] /d]z sfsL{ aLr ePsf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu k]z ePsf]df eO{ cfPsf] gLlt lgb]{zg cg'?k ug]{ u/fpg] u/L k7fpg] eGg] lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf u[x dGqfnosf] r=g+= !!!, ldlt )$&÷%÷!# sf] kqaf6 æufpFm ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] If]qsf] 7]ufgf -jtg_ /flv gful/stf lnPsf] JolQmn] 36gf btf{ u/fpg cfPdf h'g ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf :yfoL a;f]af; u./L cfPsf] xf] ;f]xL ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf 36gf btf{ u/fpg' kb{5 .Æ egL ;a} lh=lj=;=x?df kl/kq eO{;s]sf] tyf r=g+= @^&, ldlt @)%(÷!)÷!# sf] kqaf6 o; dGqfnoaf6 æ;DaGw ljR5]b 36gf btf{ ug]{ af/] cbfntsf] km};nfsf] cfwf/df k'?iftkm{sf] :yfoL 7]ufgf ePsf] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= df pQm 36gf btf{ ug]{Æ egL :ki6 u/L k7fOPsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^!÷$÷!@ sf] kq_

    -u_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ cjwL / b:t'/ hl/jfgf ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    sf=d=kf=@( a:g] cg'ks'df/l;+x / ;kgf l;+x aLr ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL sf/jfxLdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^).!!.!$ sf] k}m;nf adf]lhd #% lbgleq k'g/fj]bg hfg] egL lbPsf] cfb]z cg';f/ pQm 36gf btf{ ug{ ldNg] jf gldNg] egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no sf7df8f}+af6 ldlt @)^).!@.$ sf] kqaf6 lgb]{zgsf] nflu dfu ePsf]df æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -@_adf]lhd cbfntsf] k}m;nf ;d]t x]/L, k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb kv{g kg]{ Joj:yf sfg'gdf ePsf] kfOPg / To;}u/L b:t'/ gnfUg] eGg] klg Joj:yf gePsf]n] cbfntaf6 k}m;nf ePsf] ldltnfO{ 36gf 36]sf] ldlt dfgL #% lbgleq lgMz'Ns /#% lbgk5L lgodfg';f/sf] b:t'/ lnO{ 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg] egL ldlt @)^).!@.!! df lg0f{o ePsf]n] lg0f{o cg';f/ ug'{ x'gÆ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no sf7df8f+}nfO{ lgb]{zg lbO{ k7fOPsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf]ldlt @)^)÷!@÷!! sf] kq_

    %=a;fO{+ ;/fO{ btf{ ;DaGwL

    -s_ a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ / c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf JolQmx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf M JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @ -v_ cg';f/ a;fO{ ;/fO{ eGgfn] æ^ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu g]kfn clw/fHoleq Ps ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qaf6 csf]{ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qdf jf ljb]zdf a;fO{ ;/L hfg] jf ljb]zaf6 a;fO{;/L cfpg] sfo{nfO{ ;D´g' k5{Æ egL a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} pQm P]gdf s'g} Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/L hfgsf] nflu 3/hUuf nufotsf crn ;DklQ g} ePsf] x'g'kg]{ st} pNn]v ePsf]

  • 91

    b]lvFb}g . ctM cfˆgf] If]qdf 36]sf 36gf btf{ ug'{kg]{ st{Jo :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] ePsf] x'Fbf ToxfFaf6 lgb]{zg dfu ePsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfo cg';f/ 36gf btf{ ul/lbg] Joj:yf 5 .

    -!_ cGoq lhNnfaf6 a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ k|df0f–kq lnP/ cfPsf / :yfoL 3/hUuf geO{ c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ul//x]sfx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=n] cfˆgf] If]qdf To:tf c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf kl/jf/x?sf] nut /flv cGoq lhNnfaf6 NofPsf] a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] cflwsfl/stf PsLg u/L g]kfnL gful/s 7xl/Pdf ltgLx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ul/lbg] .

    -@_ ljleGg sf/0faf6 cGoq lhNnfaf6 To; lhNnfsf] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= If]qdf c:yfoL a;f]af; u/L a;]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] xsdf gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=:t/df nut sfod u/L To:tf kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ul/lbg] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^#÷$÷@^ sf] kl/kq_

    ^= ljljw

    -s_ axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M

    -!_ æcGoq lhNnfaf6 cfPsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf sd{rf/L cfk'm axfn /x]sf] lhNnfdf a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ lghsf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5, o;/L hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; kl~hs/0f dxfzfvfdf lbg'kg]{5Æ egL u[x dGqfnoaf6 r=g+= !!!, ldlt @)$&÷%÷!# df &% j6} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?df kl/kq eO{;s]sf]n] ;f]xL cg';f/ u/L o; dGqfnnonfO{ hfgsf/L k7fO{lbg] .Æ

    -@_ æcGo lhNnfaf6 cfO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{/t /x]sf] 7fpFdf lgwg x'g uPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] cfwf/df lghsf] >Ldfg÷>LdtLn] jf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] ;"rs eO{ b/vf:t u/]df JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ul/lbg] . d[tssf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5, hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; dGqfnodf k7fO{lbg] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%(÷^÷@# sf] kl/kq_

  • 92

    -v_ JolQmut 36gf btf{sf clen]vx? Jojl:yt u/L /fVg] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfM

    -!_ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf l:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 btf{ ul/Psf JolQmut 36gfsf ;"rgf kmf/fdx? lj=;+= @)%* j}zfvb]lv lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf csf]{ Joj:yf geP ;Ddsf] nflu Jojl:yt ul/ ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /fVg lgb]{zg eP adf]lhd ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /flvPsf] g} xf]nf .

    o; dGqfnoaf6 ;do ;dodf ljleGg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf ul/Psf] cg'udgsf] qmddf s]xL lhNnfsf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=x?af6 pQm ;"rgf kmf/fdx? lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] o; dGqfnosf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . JolQmut 36gf btf{sf ;"rgf kmf/fdx? gful/ssf JolQmut clen]v ePsf]n] ltgnfO{ ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /fvL cfjZos k/]sf] ;dodf pQm ;"rgfx? sfg"gL ?kdf g} pknJw u/fpg'kg]{ cj:yf x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] pQm ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ ;a} ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfx?af6 ;+sng u/L ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /fVg o; dGqfnosf] r=g+= !^&, ldlt @)^)÷*÷!* sf] kl/kq cg';f/ ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^^÷^÷@& sf] kl/kq_

    -@_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ sfo{qmdtkm{ @)%* j}zfvkl5 ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?df btf{ eO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Dd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf g} /fVg] lgb]{zg eP cg';f/ Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft ?kn] /fVg] sfd ePs} xf]nf . ef}lts ;+/rgf gi6 ePsf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltx? nufot k|ltlnlksf] cfjZostf k/]sf] ;dodf tL ;"rgf kmf/fdx? vf]htnf; u/L pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ cj:yf kl5;Dd ljBdfg /xg] ePsf]n] cfjZostf k/]sf] avt ;lhnf] tl/sfn] kfpg ;lsg] u/L ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ ldlt, 36gf / uf=lj=;= / g=kf= sf] qmd ldnfP/ lhNnfdf g} Jojl:yt u/]/ /fVb} hfg'kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf JolQmut 36gf btf{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] s'g} bft[ ;+:yf jf sfo{qmdx? ePdf pQm sfo{qmdaf6 / ;f] geP lh=lj=;= sf] cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 ;d]t Joj:yf u/L dfly pNN]v eP cg';f/sf] qmd ldnfP/ a's jfOl08Ë u/L ;'/lIft Pj+ Jojl:yt tj/n] /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷*÷!* sf] kl/kq_

    -#_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] k= ;+= -#–u[x–%@/)^*/)^( r g+= @#)* ldlt @)^(/@/@^ sf] kq cg';f/ ælgj]lbsf O{Zj/L zdf{ g]kfnn] lj/u~h p=d= g=kf=sf] sfof{nosf k+lhsflwsf/L ;d]tsf pk/ kbLo b'?kof]u u/L c•fdf /x]sf sfuhft nf]k u/L k|df0f sfuh ufoj u/]sf]df sf/jfxL u/L kfpFm egL o; cfof]u ;dIf lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg dfly cfof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf hgtfnfO{ x/]s sfddf clt cfjZos kg]{ hGd/d[To' btf{ tyf ljjfx btf{ h:tf ljifox? k+lhs/0f ePsf clen]v vf]lh ePsf avt km]nf kg{ g;s]sf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ /fd|f] dfGg g;lsg] x'Fbf hgtf;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DalGw ljj/0fx? cBfalws ?kdf b'?:t /flv vf]lh ePsf avt ;xh ?kdf km]nf kfg{ ;Sg] u/L Jojl:yt u/L /fVg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg

  • 93

    ;a} :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg' egL >L ;lrj :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ n]vL k7fpg cfof]uaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]xL cg';f/ ug'{ u/fpg'x'g lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .ÆegL n]vL cfPsf]n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL hgtf;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] sfuhft ;xh?kdf km]nf kfg{ ;Sg] u/L Jojl:yt ?kdf /fVg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg ;a} :yfgLo k+lhsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'x'g lg0f{o cg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 . -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+= &^!, ldlt @)^(.#.!@ sf] kl/kq_

    -u_ s'g ldltb]lv 36]sf JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfM

    kl~hs/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t s'g} klg JolQmsf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b / a;fO{ ;/fO{ ;DaGwL 36gfsf] btf{ hGd, d[To' tyf cGo 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## -;+zf]wg ;lxtsf]_ / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] Joj:yf cg'?k ug'{kg]{ s'/f txfF klg ljlbt} 5 . pQm P]g g]kfn clw/fHosf ljleGg lhNnfx?df k6s k6s u/L nfu" ePsf] x'Fbf h'g lhNnfdf h'g ldltdf ;f] P]g nfu" ePsf] 5, ;f]xL ldltb]lvsf] dfq 36gf btf{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ sltko :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] lhNnfdf ;f] P]g nfu" x'g'eGbf cuf8L 36]sf] 36gf ;d]t btf{ ug]{ ul/Psf] b]lvPsf]n] o;af6 sfg"gL ;d:of ;d]t pTkGg e}/x]sf] 5 . ctM hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## -;+zf]wg ;lxtsf]_ h'g ldltdf cfˆgf] lhNnfdf nfu" ePsf] 5, ;f] ldltb]lv 36]sf] 36gf dfq btf{ u/fpg] Joj:yf u/fpg x'g cfb]zfg';f/ ToxfFsf] Wofg cfs[i6 u/fO{Psf] 5 . o;/L g} :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] gfd a'l´g] u/L b:tvt gu/]sf] / s;}n] 5fk ;d]t :ki6 gnufPsf] b]lv+bf sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnoaf6 To:tf k|df0f–kqnfO{ c+u|]hLdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ sl7gfO{ e}/x]sf] a'l´bf cj pk|fGt ;f] ;DaGwdf klg :ki6 pNn]v ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt@)%$÷!)÷@$ sf] kl/kq_

    -3_ ;z:q åGå tyf ljljw sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    ljutdf /fHodf pTkGg ;z:q åGå tyf ljljw sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt eO{ afXo lhNnfaf6 sf7df8f}+ cf>o lnO{ c:yfoL a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf JolQmx?sf] ;Gtfgsf] hGd btf{ nufot cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ xfn c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] :yfgaf6 ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf]df ;f] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/ -df=dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^$÷#÷@% sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ åGå jf cGo sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ Ps lhNnfaf6 csf]{ lhNnfdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm jf lghdf cfl>t kl/jf/ åGå jf cGo sf/0faf6 lj:yflkt eO{ cfPsf] egL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ePsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] xsdf :yfgLo cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/df k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L xfn c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] :yfgsf] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg] u/L lg0f{o ePsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$÷$÷!) sf] kl/kq_

  • 94

    -ª_ hGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf JolQm gePsfsf] hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg] ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM

    g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd hGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg] JolQmsf] ?kdf b]xfosf] JolQmnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 M

    -!_ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj .

    -@_ gu/kflnsfsf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v Pj+ pkk|d'v / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt j8f ;lrjsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df sfo{sf/L clws[t / j8f ;lrjsf] Joj:yf gePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf sfo{sf/L clws[t

    -g]kfn /fhkq v08 %@ ;+Vof $&, efu # ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_

    -r_ z/0ffyL{x?sf] afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M

    -!_ ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?sf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M

    ltAatL z/0ffyL{ kl/ro–kq kfO{;s]sf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?sf] kl/ro–kqdf plNnlvt gfafns ;Gtfgx? tyf afa' cfdfn] kl/ro–kq kfO{;s]kl5 hGd ePsf lghsf ;Gtfgx?sf] nut /fVg :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?sf] sfof{nonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -d+=k=_ af6 ldlt @)^)÷^÷@^ df lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf b]xfo cg';f/sf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lg0f{ofg';f/ nut /fVg nufO{ ;f] sf] Psk|lt ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / Psk|lt o; dGqfnnodf pknAw u/fO{ lbg] Joj:yf ;d]tsf nflu lgb]{zg lbg] Joj:yf x'g lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 egL u[x dGqfno z/0ffyL{ dfldnf ;dGjo ;DaGwL /fli6«o OsfO{ l;+xb/jf/sf] B370/2003 ldlt @)^)÷^÷@( sf] kqaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf] ;DaGwdf k]z x'Fbf ;f]xL adf]lhd nut /flv Psk|lt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / Psk|lt u[x dGqfnosf] ;DalGwt zfvfdf lgoldt ?kdf k7fpg :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] u/L ldlt @)^)÷&÷!^ df g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

    ltAatL z/0ffyL{x? /x]sf lhNnfsf] ljj/0f M

    tfKn]h'Ë, Onfd, ;+v'jf;ef, bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, eQmk'/, nlntk'/, sf7df8f}+, /;'jf, ;f]n'v'Dj', uf]/vf, sf:sL, tgx'F, dgfË, d':tfË, afUn'Ë, gjnk/f;L, 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, x'Dnf / bfr'{nf–@! lhNnf

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷&÷@% sf] kl/kq_

  • 95

    -@_ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M

    k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ´fkf tyf df]/Ë lhNnfl:yt ljleGg ;ftj6f z/0ffyL{ lzlj/x?df / lzlj/ aflx/ u/L ´08} Psnfvsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] klxrfg tyf k|dfl0fs/0fdf ;/ntf, z/0ffyL{x? g]kfnL ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'gaf6 /f]Sg / e'6fgdf kms{g] ;dodf ;d]t ;lhnf]kg cfpg] s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/L e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] ljjfxbtf{, hGdbtf{ tyf d[To'btf{ u/L clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg dgfl;j b]lvPsf] egL n]lvPsf] u[x dGqfno, z/0ffyL{ dfldnf ;dGjo ;DaGwL /fli6«o OsfO{sf] k=;+= jL÷%)@÷@))@, ldlt @)%(÷&÷@% sf] kqsf ;DaGwdf b]xfo cg';f/ ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)%(÷*÷@) df lg0f{o ePsf] M

    -s_ z/0ffyL{x?sf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ cfjZos ePsf] eGg] u[x dGqfnosf] cg'/f]wnfO{ Wofgdf /flv :yfgLo txsf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltx?df 5'§} /lhi6/ /flv tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu dfq To:tf 36gf btf{ ug]{ / ;f] sf] 5'§} lg:;f -36gf btf{ ePsf] ldlt, JolQmsf] gfd / btf{ gDj/_ lbg] u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg kl/kq ug]{ egL>L % sf] ;/sf/ -df= dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)%(÷(÷@# df lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]xL lg0f{ofg';f/ x'g lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, ´fkf / df]/ËnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] .

    -v_ z/0ffyL{–z/0ffyL{sf aLrdf ePsf] ljjfx / z/0ffyL{sf] d[To'btf{ ;DaGwdf :yfgLo txsf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf 5'§} /lhi6/ /flv tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu dfq To:tf 36gf btf{ ug]{ / ;f] sf] 5'§} lg:;f -36gf btf{ ePsf] ldlt, JolQmsf] gfd / btf{ gDj/_ lbg] u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg kl/kq ug]{ .

    -u_ hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##, hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ / lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{ ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=sf ;lrj / gu/kflnsfdf vl/bf/:t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf]n] yk Joj:yf jf csf]{ sd{rf/Laf6 JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] sfd u/fpg cfjZos geO{ pk/f]Qm sd{rf/Laf6} ;DalGwt ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf z/0ffyL{x?sf] hGd, ljjfx / d[To' btf{sf] g+= !, @ cg';f/ clen]v lg:;f lbg] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%(÷(÷!& sf] kq_

    -#_ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdfM

    e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ljifodf xfn;Dd cGo s'g} gofF gLltut lg0f{o eO;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . o; ljifodf u[x dGqfno, z/0ffyL{ dfldnf ;dGjo ;DaGwL /fli6«o OsfO{af6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfP cg';f/ u[x dGqfno / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ;dGjo u/L sfg"g Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfnosf] ;d]t /fo lnO{ ljleGg 36gfx?sf] nflu lglZrt

  • 96

    kmf/fdx? tof/ u/L k|dfl0ft ug]{ gLltsf] th'{df ug]{ egL :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^#÷!÷% sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;}4flGts ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ lglZrt kmf/fdx? tof/ u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ug]{ ;DaGwdf u[x dGqfno / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf aLrdf ;dGjo eO{ sfd sf/jfxLsf] yfngL e}/x]sf]n] gofF gLltut lg0f{o eO{ csf]{ lgb]{zg k|fKt geP;Dd @)%(÷(÷!& sf] kl/kq adf]lhd g} tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu 5'§} /lhi6/df btf{ u/L nut /fVg] / ;f] sf] 5'§} lg:;f -36gf btf{ ePsf] ldlt, JolQmsf] gfd / btf{ gDj/_ ;Dd lbg] u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^#÷$÷$ sf] kq_

    -5_ a}zfv ! ut]nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ lbj; 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;DaGwdfM g]kfn /fHodf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmx?sf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b / a;fO{+;/fO{+sf 36gfx? btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyfcGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ ;a} &% lhNnfx?df ;~rfng eO{ k|To]s ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?l:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 cfˆgf] If]qleqsf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx nufotsf JolQmut 36gfx? lgoldt ?kdf btf{ eO{ cfPsf] 5 .

    o;} ;Gbe{df JolQmut 36gfx? /fHosf] tkm{af6 sfg"gL ?kdf 36gf 36]sf] jf ePsf] egL btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg] Joj:yf ePsf] / o; lsl;dsf 36gfx? :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 lgoldt ?kdf 36gf 36\g] lalQs} btf{ ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] o; sfo{qmdsf] kx'Fr ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] 3/b}nf]df k'¥ofO{ Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L 36gf btf{ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{sf] lgldQ g]kfndf JolQmut 36gf btf{ k|f/De ePsf] lbg j}zfv ! ut]nfO{ æJolQmut 36gf btf{ lbj;Æ 3f]if0ff ug]{ / tb\g'?k k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L dgfpg] egL ldlt @)^^÷&÷!@ df g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 lg0f{o ePsf]n] k|To]s jif{ j}zfv ! ut] æJolQmut 36gf btf{ lbj;Æ Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L dgfpg / uf=lj=;= / ;DalGwt cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?df ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^^÷&÷@$ sf] kl/kq_

    -h_ k|df0fkqsf] cflwsfl/stf ;DaGwdf M

    hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## / ;f] ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)#$ cg';f/ btf{ eO{;s]sf JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] ;DaGwdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf sfof{noaf6 dfu eO{ cfpg] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] sfuhftsf k|df0fkqsf] cflwsfl/stf ;DaGwdf n]lv+b}5 .

    :yfgLo lgsfo ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/g] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf k|df0fkq nufot cGo sfuhftx?sf] cflwsfl/stfsf] nflu hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ cg';f/

  • 97

    JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+zf]wg ug{ dfu eO{ cfPdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] JolQmut 36gf ;Rofpg cfPsf] avt k]z ePsf k|df0fkqx? klxnf btf{ ePsf xf] xf]O{g, ;Rofpg' kg]{ sf/0f / cflwsfl/stf gv'n]df ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ;d]t u/L ;Rofpg cg'dtL dfu ug{] ;]jfu|fxLaf6 k|fKt k|df0fkqx? ;d]t :yfgLo k+lhsflwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft ul/ k7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w 5 . k|dfl0ft gePsf k|df0fkqx? ;fy cg'dlt dfu eO{ cfPdf cg'dlt k|fKt gx'g] Joxf]/f klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^(.$.@( sf] kl/kq_

    -em_ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L tf]lsPsf] ;DaGwdfM

    g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf # n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf b]xfosf kbflwsf/LnfO{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ tf]s]sf]5 M–

    != dxfgu/kflnsf, pk–dxfgu/kflnsf / sf7df8f+} pkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dxfgu/kflnsf, pk–dxfgu/kflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] j8f ;lrj,

    @= sf7df8f+} pkTosf afx]s cGo gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf] j8f ;lrj jf j8f ;lrj gePsf] cj:yfdf kl~hflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ sf] ;xdltdf gu/kflnsfsf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] sd{rf/L,

    #= ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj gePsf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ n] tf]lslbPsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] sd{rf/L .

    ldlt @)#$ df3 @$, v08 @*, ;+Vof #^, ldlt @)#% k'if !), v08 @(, k"jf{ltl/QmfÍ %(= -s_, ldlt @)^^ kmfu'g !, v08 #), ;+Vof #), ldlt @)#& sflt{s @% sf] g]kfn /fhkq efu # df k|sflzt tTsfnLg u[x k~rfot dGqfnosf] ;"rgf, v08 #!, ;+Vof #!, ldlt @)#* d+l;/ ! v08 #(, ;+Vof $* ldlt @)$^ r}q ^ sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt u[x dGqfnosf] ;"rgf vf/]h ul/Psf 5g .

    -g]kfn /fhkq efu % ldlt @)^&÷$÷@$ df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_

    -`_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft tyf ;j't k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf M

    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no pbok'/, ufO3f6sf] r=g+= #$#, ldlt @)^).^.@% sf] kq cg';f/ l;l/;] uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^ a:g] /Tgdfof sf]O/fnfsf] ldlt @)%(.!.@ ut] d[To' ePsf] egL

  • 98

    nf]sxl/ sf]O/fnfn] ldlt @)%(.!!.@# ut] d[To'sf] ;"rgf u/L ;f]xL ldltdf d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq lnPsf] / /Tgdfof sf]O/fnf @))% ;fnb]lv x/fO{ a]kQf x'g'ePsf] / lghsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 5}g s]xL hfgsf/L gePsf]n] e'm§f ljj/0f lbO{ lghsf] d[To' btf{ u/fO{ d[To' btf{sf] k|df0fkq lnPsf]n] pQm d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq /2 u/L kfpFm egL l;l/;] uf=lj=;= j8f g+= * a:g] gf/fo0fk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] l;l/;] ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbPsf] / l;l/;] uf=lj=;=sf] r=g+= #, ldlt @)^).$.!# sf] kqaf6 /Tgdfof sf]O/fnfsf] ldlt @)%(.!.@ df d[To' ePsf] egL lbOPsf] k|df0fkq /2 ug{ hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug{]_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd cfjZos sf/jfxL / ;hfosf] dfu u/L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no pbok'/df ldl;n k7fPsf]df pQm sfof{nosf] ldlt @)^).%.!% sf] kqaf6 æ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #! df ;f]xL P]gsf] cg';"rL ! / @ df n]lvPsf d'2f afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/af6 rnfOg] cGo d'2fsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfg'gdf d'2fsf] ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf]df ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng u/L d'2f rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{osf] nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf ldl;n Pj+ ;a'b k|df0f k]z ug'{'kg]{5 egL Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL ug'{Æ egL ldl;n lkmtf{ cfPsf] .

    hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ sfo{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L -ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] xsdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj_ n] ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ sfo{sf] d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu sfof{no k|d'v sf] x'g] egL l4ljwf kg{ uPsf]n] Plsg u/L v'nfO{ k7fOlbg'x'g egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{noaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf]df sf/jfxL x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt )^).&.@) sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ æufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] xsdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj xfnsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ sfof{no k|d'v /x] ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] lghn] g} ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng u/L ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{Æ egL lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]xL Joxf]/f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no pbok'/df n]lv k7fOPsf] .

    -6_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft tyf ;j't k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ k|lqmofut lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M

    hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{ _ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !# cGtu{tsf] ;hfo bfjL ePsf] d'4f bkmf !$ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL x'g] / ;f] s;'/ ck/fw u/]df :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Laf6 cg';Gwfg txlssft eO{ sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !% adf]lhd d'¢f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf cleof]u kq k]z ug'{kg]{ egL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}+af6 kq n]vL cfPsf] / :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] s'g P]g cGtu{t s:tf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ txlstft ug]{ egL lgb]{zg dfu u/]sf] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf ælhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no sf7df8f}+n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}+nfO{ ldlt @)^#.^.@(, r=g+= *)$ sf] kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Laf6 cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L ;/sf/L d'¢f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #! adf]lhd ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ d'¢f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf cleof]u kq bfo/ ug{ / txlssft ubf{ ;/sf/L d'¢f ;DaGwL P]g /

  • 99

    lgodfjnLn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg egL lh=lj=;= sf7fdf8f}+nfO{ n]vL k7fpg]æ egL ldlt @)^#.(.#) sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/Lo_ lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf lg0f{o cg';f/ x'g k'lgtf rf}w/L emfsf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL ;/f]hgL dfgGw/ ePsf] ljjfx 36gf btf{ ab/ ;DaGwL sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{noaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ;Ssn ldl;n ;d]t ;DalGwt sfof{nodf lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] .

    -7_ ;'s'Daf;L kl/jf/ / P]nfgL hUufdf a;f]af; ug]{JolQmx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M

    u'nl/of gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg j8fx?df P]nfgL hUufx?df a;f]af; ub}{ cfO{/x]sf ;'s'Daf;L tyf d'Qm sd}ofx?;Fu alb{of lhNnfs} ljleGg uf=lj=;= tyf cGoq lhNnfx?af6 ag]sf] gful/stfdf /x]sf] / ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= af6 a;fO{+ ;/fO{+sf] k|df0fkq lnO{ cfPsf t/ pQm g=kf= If]qdf lghx?sf] s'g} hUuf hldg gePsf] / sltko ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ?kdf /xL a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] k|df0fkq g} gePsf gful/sx?sf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq cfjZos kg]{ t/ lghx?sf JolQmut 36gf -a;fO{ ;/fO{ nufot cGo_ btf{ ug{ ;d:of l;h{gf ePsf] egL ldlt @)^&÷^÷!&, r=g+= !#%( sf] kq k|fKt eO{ k]z x'Fbf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o ePsf] M–

    -!_ cGo uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= af6 a;fO{+ ;/fO{+ btf{ k|df0fkq lnP/ cfPsf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= df :yfoL ?kdf 3/ hUuf geO{ c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf gful/sx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= n] cfˆgf] If]qdf To;/L a;f]af; ug]{ kl/jf/sf] nut /fvL a;fO{+ ;/fO{+ btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg ;Sg] . -km/Dof6sf] gd'gf cg';"rLdf ;+nUg 5_

    -@_ ;'s'Djf;L jf d'Qm sd}ofsf] ?kdf uf=lj=;= jf g=kf=df a;f]af; u/]sf gful/sx?sf] ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= jf g=kf= n] kfl/jfl/s ?kdf nut tof/ u/]/ lghx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ . -km/Dof6sf] gd'gf cg';"rLdf ;+nUg 5_

    -#_ a'Fbf g+= ! / @ sf] kfl/jfl/s nutnfO{ ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= jf g=kf= n] k|zf;lgs clen]vsf] ?kdf ;'/lIft tj/n] /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ .

    -$_ dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd 36gf btf{ ug{sf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQm g]kfnL gful/s ePsf] PsLg x'g'kg]{ .

    -%_ ;"rs, ;"rgf kmf/fd, b08 hl/jfgf / JolQmut 36gfsf btf{sf cGo;a} k|fjwfgx? hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf lgodfjnL, @)#$ / cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] .

  • 100

    -8_ JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /foM

    æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf ( s= adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] pd]/, gfd / hft lgMz'Ns ;Rofpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] ePtfklg Ps k6s btf{ eO{;s]sf] ljjfxsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] ;f] ;DaGwdf ;f] P]gdf :ki6 Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvb}g . t/ ;f] P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod ( df btf{ eO{;s]sf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f s'g} sf/0fn] ;Rofpg' k/]df ;f] lgodsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L ;Rofpg ;lsg] / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd æJolQmut 36gf eGgfn] ljjfx ;d]t hgfpg] b]lv+bf ;f]xL adf]lhd ljjfx ;DaGwL ljj/0f klg ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] ;f]xL lgodsf] clwgdf /xL ;Rofpg ;lsg] b]lvPsf] .Æ

    ;fy} hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] pkbkmf (s= sf] k|fjwfg cg's"n hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod ( sf] Joj:yf /x]sf] gb]lv+bf ;f] cg's"n x'g] u/L ;f] lgodfjnLdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ ;DaGwdf To; dGqfnosf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fO{G5 .

    -sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf]ldlt @)^&÷$÷$ sf] kqaf6 k|fKt /fo_

    -9_ sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu ePsf] Joj:yfM

    g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^*÷)@÷@$ sf] ;fljssf] Joj:yf jt{dfg kl/k|Iodf cg's"n gePsf]n] :yfgLo txx? -ufpFkflnsf÷ gu/kflnsf÷ pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷ dxfgu/kflnsf_ af6 hf/L ePsf JolQmut 36gf btf{ k|df0fkq, gftf k|dfl0ft tyf cGo sfuhftx?df sG;'n/ k|df0fLs/0f / cflwsfl/stf k|df0fLs/0f ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)&$÷)!÷@$ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

    != sG;'n/ k|df0fLs/0f ;DaGwdfM

    -s_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf÷pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷dxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb| jf j8fsf] :yfgLo k~hLsflwsf/Laf6 hf/L JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] k|df0f kq tyf gftf k|dfl0ft nufot cGo sfuhftx?df ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf÷ gu/kflnsf÷ pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[t jf k+hLs/0f zfvf x]g]{ clws[t :t/sf] zfvf k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L clws[tn] tf]s]sf] clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L cfPsf k|df0fkqx?df sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefun] sG;'n/ k|df0fLs/0f ug]{.

  • 101

    -v_ k|df0fLs/0fnfO{ ljZjfl;nf] / ;xh agfpg sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefunfO{ ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf dxfgu/kflnsfsf sG;'n/ k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ clws[t sd{rf/L -k|df0fLs/0fsf] clwsf/ ePsf_ sf] b:tvt gd'gf sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{.

    @= cflwsfl/stf k|df0fLs/0fsf] ;DaGwdfM

    -s_ 36gf btf{ k|df0f kq tyf cGo sfuhftsf] cflwsfl/stf k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt j}b]lzs lgof]usf sfo{noaf6 l;w} g]kfn l:yt sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefunfO{ n]Vg].

    -v_ sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefun] ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx -ufpFkflnsf÷ gu/kflnsf÷ pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷ dxfgu/kflnsf_ nfO{ k|fKt 36gf btf{sf] k|df0f kq tyf cGo sfuhft cflwsfl/stf ePsf] jf gePsf] af/] n]Vg] .

    -u_ sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefuaf6 ufpFkflnsf ÷gu/kflnsf ÷ pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷ dxfgu/kflnsfdf cflwsfl/stf k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu kq k|fKt ePdf btf{ lstfadf le8fO{ cflwsfl/s eP gePsf] olsg ug]{ .

    -3_ cflwsfl/stf k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k|fKt kq tyf cGo sfuhft cflwsfl/s 7xl/Psf] jf cflwsfl/s g7xl/Psf] s] xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefunfO{ n]lv k7fpg] . ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf÷ gu/kflnsf÷ pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[tnfO{ lbg] / sfo{sf/L clws[tn] cfjZos b]v]df ;f] sf] lhDd]jf/L k+hLs/0f zfvf x]g]{ clws[t :t/sf] zfvf k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L clws[tn] tf]s]sf] clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg ;lsg] .

    -ª_ sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefun] ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf÷pkdxfgu/kflnsf÷ dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt hjfkm cg';f/ ;DalGwt j}b]lzs lgof]usf sfof{nonfO{ n]lv k7fpg] .

    -ljefusf] ldlt @)&$÷)@÷)# sf] kq_

    -0f_ dfgj zl//sf] cË k|Tof/f]k0fsf] l;kmfl/z ;DaGwdf M

    k//fi6« dGqfno sG;'n/ tyf sfg'gL k/fdz{ zfvf lqk'/]Zj/sf] ;+s]t g+= sg= sf/ljljw/#@%

    ldlt @)^(.%.# sf] kqcg';f/ txfF dGqfno tyf cGt/utsf lgsfox?af6 dfgj zl//sf] c+u k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu hf/L x'g] gftf k|dfl0ft tyf l;kmfl/zkqx? dfgj z/L/sf] cË k|To/f]k0f -lgoldt tyf lgif]w_ P]g, @)%% adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf æglhssf] gft]bf/ eGgfn] ;f] JolQmsf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L, cfdf,afa', bfh', efO, lbbL, alxgL, sfsf, elthf, elthL, afa'tkm{sf] afh], aHo}, 5f]/ftkm{sf] gflt,gfltgL, 5f]/L tk{msf] gflt, gfltgL / ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv c6'6 ?kdf gftf ;DaGw sfod /xL cfPsf] klt, kTgL,wd{k'q, wd{k'qL ;f}t]gL cfdf, ;f}t]gL afa' / ;f;', ;;'/f ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .Æ eGg]

  • 102

    Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf;f]xL k|fjwfg cg';f/ l;kmfl/z ug'{ u/fO{ lbg'x'g lgb]{zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 egL n]lv cfPsf] x'gfn] ;f]xL cg';f/ ug{ u/fpgx'g cfb]zfg''f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^(÷%÷@% sf] kl/kq_

    -t_ lgj[lQe/0f k|of]hgsf] nflu d[To'sf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M

    æsf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+=#% lgjf;L bfjf bf]h]{ l;Gtfgsf] d[To' btf{sf] k|df0f–kqdf /0faxfb'/ l;Gtfg ;dfj]z ug{ /fo dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df sf/jfxL x'Fbf æ============Æ eGg] æ===========Æ Ps} JolQm x'g egL ;+zf]wg dfu eO{ cfPdf ;f]xL adf]lhd lgb]{zg lbg ;lsg] cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf /x]sf] clen]v lstfadf æ lgj[lQe/0fsf] k|of]hgsf] nfluÆegL s}lkmot dxndf pNn]v ug]{ egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^&.!).$ df lg0f{o ePsf]n] bfjf bf]h]{ l;Gtfg eGg] /0fjxfb'/ l;Gtfg Ps} JolQm x'g eGg] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;f]xL adf]lhd ug'{, u/fpg' x'g lg0f{o cg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .Æ egL sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ n]lv k7fOPsf] .

    -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷!)÷)( sf] kq_

    -y_ JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] sfuhftsf k|df0fkqsf] cflwsfl/stf ;DaGwdf M

    :yfgLo lgsfo ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/g] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf k|df0fkq nufot cGo sfuhftx?sf] cflwsfl/stfsf] nflu hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ cg';f/ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+zf]wg ug{ dfu eO{ cfPdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] JolQmut 36gf ;Rofpg cfPsf] avt k]z ePsf k|df0fkqx? klxnf btf{ ePsf] xf] xf]Og, ;Rofpg' kg]{ sf/0f / cflwsfl/stf gv'n]df ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ;d]t u/L ;Rofpg cg'dtL dfu ug]{ ;]jfu|fxLaf6 k|fKt k|df0fkqx? ;d]t :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L k7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w 5 . k|dfl0ft gePsf k|df0fkqx? ;fy cg'dlt dfu eO{ cfPdf cg'dtL k|fKt gx'g] Joxf]/f klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+= &^, ldlt @)^(.$.@( sf] kl/kq_

    -b_ åGåsfndf hn]/ gi6 ePsf JolQmut 36gfx?sf] k|ltlnlk ;DaGwdf M

    slknj:t' lhNnfl:yt uh]x8f uf=lj=;= sfof{no slknj:t'sf] k=;+= )^(/&) ldlt @)^(.!!.$

    sf] k|fKt kq cg';f/ w]/}h;f] uf=lj=;=df )%( / ^) ;fnsf] åGåsfndf cfunfuLaf6 clen]v hln gi6 ePsf] sf/0faf6 k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg dfu ePsf] cj:yfdf clen]v gi6 ePsf]n] pknAw u/fpg g;lsg] cj:yf ePsf] / JolQmut 36gf btf{ cGtu{t hGd btf{ k|df0fkq k|j]lzsf k/LIfsf] nflu ljBfyL{x?sf] eljio;Fu ufl;Psf] ljifo ePsf]n] hnL gi6 ePsf] clen]v k'gM btf{ ul/lbg ldNg] jf gldNg] tyf To:tf sfuhftx?sf] k|ltlnlk dfUg cfPdf ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ s;/L ;]jf k'¥ofpg] eGg]

  • 103

    ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## / lgodfjnL, @)#$ n] Psk6s btf{ eO;s]sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] k|df0fkq x/fPdf jf s'g} k|sf/n] gi6 ePsf] cj:yfdf gSsn lng ;lsg] Joj:yf ;Dd u/]sf] t/ Psk6s btf{ eO;s]sf] JolQmut 36gfnfO{ k'gM btf{ ug{ ;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] gb]lv+bf k'gM btf{ ug{ ldNg] cj:yf g/x]sf] egL hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod #-s_ cg';f/ lgb]{zg lbg] ldlt @)&).!.@@ df lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]xL cg';f/ ug'{ u/fpg'x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+= *%@, ldlt @)&).!.@( sf] kl/kq_

    -w_ kl~hsflwsf/L tf]lsPsf] ;DaGwdf M

    g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf # sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ sf] sfo{ ug{ o; dGqfnosf] hg;+Vof tyf kl~hs/0f Joj:yfkg zfvfsf pk–;lrjnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 .

    v08 %(, ;+Vof !%, ldlt @)^^.$.!@ sf] g]kfn /fhkq efu % df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

    -g]kfn /fhkq efu %, v08 ^@, ;+Vof &, ldlt @)^(.@.!% df k|sflzt ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_

    -g_ ;+/If0f u[xdf x's]{sf JolQmsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DjGwdf M

    k|:t't ljifodf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no,sf7df08f}sf] k=;+=)&)÷&! r=g+= !@* ldlt @)&)÷#÷!# sf] kqsf] ;Gbe{df sf/jfxL x'Fbf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]]{ lgodfjnL @)#$ sf] lgod #-s_ cg';f/ æ;+/If0f u[xdf x's]{sf JolQmsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ x'g' ;DalGwt JolQmsf] clwsf/sf] ljifo ePsf] / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ df hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/s/fn] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/ tf]s]sf] JolQmn] To:tf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5Æ egL pNn]v ePjf6 klg o:tf] clwsf/sf] /Iff ug'{kg]{ bfloTj ;/sf/sf] ePsf] k'li6 x'g] / ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ df g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf adf]lhd o:tf] cj:yfdf uflj;sf cWoIf÷ pkfWoIf÷;lrj / g=kf=sf] xsdf g=kf=sf k|d'v÷pkk|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;"rs aGg] Joj:yf b]lvPsf]n] b]xfo jdf]lhd lgb]{zg lbg] ul/ /lhi6«f/ -kl~hsflwsf/L_ jf6 lg0f{o ePsf]n] cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] k|fKt kqx? o;};fy ;+nUg /fvL lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5 .

    æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ / ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt o; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofsf cfwf/df hGd btf{ gePsf] eP ;DalGwt uf=lj=;÷g=kf=sf ;lrj÷sfo{sf/L clws[tn] cfjZos k|s[of k'/f u/L ;"rs jg]/ hGd btf{ u/L ljjfx btf{sf] sf/jfxL ug]{Æ

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).$.@& sf] kl/kq_

  • 104

    -k_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f ;DaGwdf M

    k|:t't ljifodf o; dGqfnosf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+= *!) ldlt @)&)÷!÷@@ sf] cljjflxt k|dfl0ft ;DaGWfL kqsf] ;Gbe{df n]lvb}5 . pQm kq cg';f/ k|rlnt sfg"g tyf o; dGqfnosf] sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ kq ;d]tn] cljjflxt k|dfl0ft ug]{ clwsf/ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|bfg u/]]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] cljjflxt k|dfl0ft ug{ ldNg] gb]lvPsf] elg ;a} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no / gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf kl/kq ul/Psf]df cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f ;DaGwL ljifo klg gful/ssf] hLjg ;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifo ePsf] / ;f] sfo{ /f]ls+bf gful/snfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ ePsf] x'gfn] o; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&)÷$÷( sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ b]xfosf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ :yfgLo lgsfon] cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f ug{ ;Sg] lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

    !_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmn] ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷g=kf=sf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg ug'{kg]{ . pQm lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf] afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifsn] cljjflxt /x]sf] ;gfvt ul/lbg'kg]{ . lgj]bgsf] 9Ffrf o;};fy ;+nUg 5 .

    @_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=n] lghsf] afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] pkl:yltdf lgj]bs j;f]jf; ug]{ ;DalGwt j8fsf sDtLdf ! hgf j8f ;b:o ;lxt gful/stf k|fKt To;} j8fsf slDtdf % hgfsf] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf/ lnP/ cljjflxt /x]sf] k|dfl0fs/0f ul/lbg ;Sg] . :yfgLo lgsfodf hgk|ltlglw g/x]s]f cj:yfdf ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfdf lgj]bssf] afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] pkl:ytdf j8f gful/s d~rsf slDtdf ! hgf k|ltlglw ;lxt slDtdf % hgfsf] ;h{ldg d''r'Nsfsf] cfwf/ lng'kg]{]{ . ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ul/lbg] JolQmsf] gful/stfsf] kmf]6f]skL ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ .

    #_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+nUg k|dfl0fs/0fsf] 9fFrfdf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=n] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ pknJw u/fpg'kg]{ .

    $_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f u/]sf JolQmsf] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=n] clen]v /fVg'kg]{ .

    -;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).$.!# sf] kl/kq_

    -a_ s]Gb|Lo k~hLs/0f ljefuaf6 ePsf lgb]]{zgx?M

    -s_ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL lgb]{zg -ldlt @)÷!!÷#)_M

    g]kfnsf]


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