© 2011 this material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. public health law:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© 2011This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission.
Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes
Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director, Public Health Law & Policy
Association of State & Territorial Public Health Nutrition Directors
June 13, 2011
![Page 2: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© 2011
Public Health Law & Policy
We partner with state and local leaders to improve health in all communities, especially the underserved.
We do this by researching legal and policy questions, drafting policy language, and training community
leaders to put these ideas to work.
![Page 3: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© 2011
Disclaimer
The information provided in this seminar is for informational purposes only, and does not constitute legal advice. Public Health Law & Policy does not enter into attorney-client relationships.
The primary purpose of this training is to address legal and/or policy options to improve public health. There is no intent to reflect a view on specific legislation. PHLP incorporates objective non-partisan analysis, study, and research in all our work.
![Page 4: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What does the US Constitution have to
do with public health?
![Page 5: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Land Use Redevelopment
Schools
Work in All Sectors
Transportation
Economic Development
Housing
LawEnforcement
Public Health
![Page 9: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hey Paul/CreativeCommons/Flickr
Clinton Steeds/CreativeCommons/Flickr
Dave_mcmt/CreativeCommons/Flickr
US Congress
Federalism and Police Power
State legislature
City Hall
![Page 10: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cooperative Federalism
![Page 11: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Federal regulations incentivize
local action
![Page 12: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Federal Government Can Prohibit or Preempt Action, too
![Page 13: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PREEMPTION
…is the invalidation of local law by state law.
OR
…is the invalidation of state and local law by federal law.
www.flickr.com/photos/avlxyz/2523993770//
![Page 14: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Preemption
Ceiling Preemption
www.flickr.com/photos/johncarljohnson/153077991/
Floor Preempti
on
![Page 15: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Individual Rights
and the
Common Good
![Page 16: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Police Power
The powers not delegated to the
US by the Constitution, nor
prohibited to it by the States, are
reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people.
This is called the police power
Police Power
![Page 17: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Police Power
The powers not delegated to the
US by the Constitution, nor
prohibited to it by the States, are
reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people.
This is called the police power
Police Power
![Page 18: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Basic Requirements of Police Power
• Cannot be arbitrary or oppressive;
• Must be rationally related to public health, safety, or general welfare; and
• Must be reasonably designed to correct a condition adversely affecting the public good.
• Can not violate state and federal laws or constitutions
![Page 19: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Examples
• Investigate infectious disease outbreaks
Image: http://sphtc.org/timeline/Mallon-Mary_01.jpge
![Page 20: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Examples
• Investigate infectious disease outbreaks
• Ban cigarette samples near schools
![Page 21: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Examples
• Investigate infectious disease outbreaks
• Ban cigarette samples near schools
• Zoning for farmers markets
![Page 22: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Examples
• Investigate infectious disease outbreaks
• Ban cigarette samples near schools
• Zoning for farmers markets
• Require menu labeling
![Page 23: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Public Health
Individual Rights
![Page 24: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Constitutional Rights
1. Free Speech
2. Due Process
3. Equal Protection
![Page 25: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Free Speech
Constitutional Right
![Page 26: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Question
Why can’t government ban junk food billboards within 1,000 feet of urban schools – but can still ban junk food
advertisements in schools?
![Page 27: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
First Amendment
The government
“shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech”
![Page 30: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Regulating Products vs. Regulating Ads
![Page 32: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
FlickrCC_3733115397_bobster855
Commercial Speech Test
Key Question: Does the regulation prohibit a lot more speech than is necessary to address the problem?
htt
p:/
/ww
w.f
lickr
.co
m/p
ho
tos/
13
80
28
39
@N
05
/32
01
34
16
79
/
![Page 33: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
K – 12 Schools are Non-Public Forums
Advertising can generally be limited or prohibited without violating the First Amendment
![Page 34: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Question
Why can’t government ban junk food billboards within 1,000 feet of urban schools – but can still ban junk food
advertisements in schools?
![Page 35: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Answer
Under the commercial speech test, a ban on junk food advertisements near urban
schools is probably too broad.
A school is a non-public forum where the government has a lot of leeway to restrict
speech.
![Page 36: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Requiring Point of Sale Health WarningsRequiring Point of Sale Health Warnings
ww
w.d
isea
sepr
oof.
com
/AF
Psm
oke.
jpg
![Page 37: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Compelled Speech Test
• Reasonable relationship: Are the required factual disclosures reasonably related to the government’s interest in preventing consumer deception?– A warning has only indisputable facts
– Findings based on strong research
– Concluding that warning needed to protect health
– Consumers will be deceived if no warning
![Page 38: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Questions?
![Page 39: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Due Process
Constitutional Right
![Page 40: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Question
Why is it easier for the government to regulate smoking in public, trans fats in
restaurants, and drunk driving than it is for the government to regulate contraception,
abortion, or consensual sex between adults of the same gender?
![Page 41: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Due Process (5th and 14th Amendments)
The government cannot deprive individuals of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
![Page 42: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Substantive Due Process
Does the government have an appropriate justification for depriving
someone of life, liberty, or property?
![Page 43: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fundamental LibertiesF
lickr CC
bestphotoF
lickr CC
Jenny Lee Silver
http://ww
w.m
yweddingfavorsetc.com
/product/CR
+707552.htm
l
![Page 44: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Key Question:
Is the government action narrowly tailored or is it the least restrictive alternative to achieve a compelling goal?
Strict Scrutiny Test
![Page 45: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fundamental Liberties? No.
Flickr C
C Sim
one_Ramella
![Page 46: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Rational Basis Test
Key Question:Is the government action reasonably related to a legitimate government goal?
http
://fa
rm2.
stat
ic.fl
ickr
.com
/110
3/53
7788
851_
f0b1
3b75
28.jp
g
![Page 47: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Comparison
Individual’s interest is:
Government’s goal must be:
Fit between action and goal must be:
RATIONAL BASIS TEST
minimal legitimate reasonable
STRICT SCRUTINY TEST
fundamental compelling narrowly tailored or least restrictive alternative
![Page 48: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Question
Why is it easier for the government to regulate smoking in public, trans fats in
restaurants, and drunk driving than it is for the government to regulate contraception,
abortion, or consensual sex between adults of the same gender?
![Page 49: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Answer
Substantive due process requires that:
• a regulation of smoking, restaurants, or driving need only be reasonably related to a legitimate government goal
• a regulation of contraception, abortion, or same-sex intimacy must be narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling government goal
![Page 50: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Questions?
![Page 51: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Equal Protection
Constitutional Right
![Page 52: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Question
Is it OK for the government to pass a law that imposes menu labeling requirements
on large chain restaurants but not on smaller chains or independents?
![Page 53: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Equal Protection (5th & 14th Amendments)
The government shall not “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”
![Page 54: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Protected classifications
![Page 55: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Strict Scrutiny Test
Key Question: Is the government action narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling government goal?
![Page 56: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Non-protected classifications
vs.vs.
AdamL212/CreativeCommons/Flickr daisybush/CreativeCommons/Flickr
vs.vs.
![Page 57: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Key question: Is the government action reasonably related to a legitimate government goal?
Rational Basis Test
![Page 58: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Question
Is it OK for the government to pass a law that imposes menu labeling requirements
on large chain restaurants but not on smaller chains or independents?
![Page 59: © 2011 This material cannot be copied or reproduced without permission. Public Health Law: Improving Health Outcomes Marice Ashe, JD, MPH; Executive Director,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649ddb5503460f94ad2125/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Answer
Equal protection requires that:
A law that applies to bigger but not smaller businesses need only be reasonably related to
a legitimate government goal