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TH11/17/11

Ch. 3.1 Why Do People Migrate?

(pp. 77-85)

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I. Overview

• A type of mobility– Migration is a permanent move to a new

location– Migration = relocation diffusion

• Emigration – migration from a country

• Immigration – migration to a country

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II. Reasons for Migration

– Most people migrate for economic reasons– Push and pull factors

• push factor – influence people to move out of location

• pull factor – influence people to move into a location

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A. Push & Pull Factors

1. Economic• people move away from places with poor

economic opportunities and toward places with better ones

2. Cultural• forced migration (e.g., slavery, refugees)• political factors – persecution, oppression of

religion or political rights

3. Environmental• water factors – floodplains, deserts

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Refugees: Sources and Destinations

Figure 3-2

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A. Push & Pull Factors (cont.)

4. Intervening obstacles – Historically, intervening obstacles are environmental– Examples?

• Examples: oceans, desert, mountains

– Transportation technology lessens impact of intervening obstacles today

– Explain?• Examples: plane, boat, car, train

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II. Distance of Migration

A. Internal migration• Two types:

• Interregional migration = movement from one region to another

• Intraregional migration = movement within a region

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II. Distance of Migration

B. International migration• Two types:

– Voluntary – often economic– Forced – often cultural

• Migration transition– International migration is most common in

countries that are in stage 2 of the demographic transition

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C. Migration Transition Model

• Stage 1 – seasonal migration

• Stage 2 – international migration & interregional migration (rural to urban)

• Stages 3 & 4 – principal destinations of international migrants

• Stages 3 & 4 – intraregional migration (urban to suburban)

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Global Migration Patterns

Figure 3-5

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IV. Characteristics of Migrants

A. Overview

• Most long-distance migrants are• Male• Adults• Individuals

• Families with children are less common

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IV. Characteristics of Migrants (cont.)

B. Gender • Traditionally, males outnumbered females• In the United States today, 55 percent of

immigrants = female

C. Family status• In the United States today, about 40 percent of

immigrants = young adults, aged 25–39

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Tomorrow: Where do immigrants move?