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Chapter 13

The Endocrine System

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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions

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Structures of the Endocrine System

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Adrenal Glands

• Primary Functions – Regulate electrolyte levels.

– Influence metabolism.

– Respond to stress.

• Related Combining Form– adren/o

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Gonads*

• Primary Function – Regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex

characteristics.

• Related Combining Form– gonad/o

*Males: testicles (2)

*Females: ovaries (2)

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Pancreatic Islets

• Primary Functions – Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism.

• Related Combining Form– pancreat/o

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Parathyroid Glands

• Primary Function – Regulate calcium levels throughout the body.

• Related Combining Form– parathyroid/o

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Pineal Gland

• Primary Function – Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle.

• Related Combining Form– pineal/o

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Pituitary Gland

• Primary Function – Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other

endocrine glands.

• Related Combining Forms– pituit/o, pituitar/o

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Thymus

• Primary Function – Plays a major role in the immune reaction.

• Related Combining Form– thym/o

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Thyroid Gland

• Primary Functions – Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous

system.

• Related Combining Forms– thyr/o, thyroid/o

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Animations

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Endocrine System

Click to play animation

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Diabetic Retinopathy

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Secondary Sex Characteristics

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The Pancreas

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Answers to Learning Exercises

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Chapter 13 Answers

Matching Word Parts 1

13.1. adren/o

13.2. acr/o

13.3. gonad/o

13.4. -dipsia

13.5. crin/o

Matching Word Parts 2

13.6. -ism

13.7. pancreat/o

13.8. parathyroid/o

13.9. pineal/o

13.10. pituitar/o

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Chapter 13 Answers

Matching Word Parts 3

13.11. somat/o

13.12. poly-

13.13. glyc/o

13.14. thyroid/o

13.15. thym/o

Definitions

13.16. luteinizing

13.17. pituitary

13.18. adrenocorticotropic

13.19. thymus

13.20. calcitonin

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Chapter 13 Answers

Definitions

13.21. adrenal cortex

13.22. glucagon

13.23. adrenal medulla

13.24. oxytocin

13.25. testosterone

Matching Structures

13.26. pancreatic islets

13.27. pituitary gland

13.28. pineal gland

13.29. adrenal glands

13.30. thyroid gland

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Chapter 13 Answers

Which Word?

13.31. acromegaly

13.32. anterior lobe

13.33. insulin resistance

13.34. diabetes insipidus

13.35. Cushing’s syndrome

Spelling Counts

13.36. metabolism

13.37. mellitus

13.38. myxedema

13.39. progesterone

13.40. thymosin

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Chapter 13 Answers

Abbreviation Identification

13.41. adrenocorticotropic hormone

13.42. antidiuretic hormone13.43. diabetes mellitus13.44. oral glucose

tolerance test13.45. follicle-stimulating

hormone

Term Selection

13.46. hypercrinism

13.47. hypercalcemia

13.48. parathyroid

13.49. prolactinoma

13.50. fructosamine

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Chapter 13 Answers

Sentence Completion

13.51. electrolytes

13.52. thyroxine

13.53. retinopathy

13.54. polyphagia

13.55. exophthalmos

Word Surgery

13.56. hyper-, pituitar, -ism

13.57. hypo-, glyc, -emia

13.58. hyper-, insulin, -ism

13.59. gynec/o, mast, -ia

13.60. hypo-, calc, -emia

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Chapter 13 Answers

True/False

13.61. False

13.62. True

13.63. False

13.64. False

13.65. True

Clinical Conditions

13.66. antidiuretic

13.67. polydipsia

13.68. Addison’s disease

13.69. insulinoma

13.70. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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Chapter 13 Answers

Clinical Conditions

13.71. anabolic

13.72. leptin

13.73. cretinism

13.74. gigantism

13.75. pancreatectomy

Which Is the Correct Medical Term?

13.76. neurohormones

13.77. pituitary adenoma

13.78. Graves’

13.79. diabetic coma

13.80. melatonin

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Chapter 13 Answers

Challenge Word Building

13.81. adrenopathy

13.82. endocrinology

13.83. adrenomegaly

13.84. thymopathy

13.85. thyroiditis

13.86. pancreatotomy

13.87. thyroidotomy

13.88. pinealopathy

13.89. insulinemia

13.90. adrenitis

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Chapter 13 Answers

Labeling Exercises

13.91. pineal

13.92. parathyroid

13.93. thymus

13.94. ovaries

13.95. hypothalamus

13.96. pituitary

13.97. thyroid

13.98. adrenal

13.99. pancreatic

13.100. testicles