© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4Chapter 4Basic Concepts of Physical EducationBasic Concepts of Physical Education

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Education Throughthe Physical

• 20th Century developmental model• Model consistent with Progressive

Education Theory• Clark Hetherington known as “father of

modern physical education” developed four objectives:1. physical development2. motor development3. mental development4. social development

• Standards were developed around the four objectives for PE curriculum

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Education Throughthe Physical, cont’d

• Multi-activity Program approach• Wide variety of activities used to fulfill

the promise of total development• Officially sanctioned in 1927 and

became a “national curriculum” for PE• Units or blocks approach developed by

La Porte, lasting several weeks

• AAHPER (1971), modified Hetherington’s four objectives into five primary concepts which reflected goals of Physical Education to the public

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

NASPE’s Influence on Curriculum Standards

• National Association for Sport and Physical Education (1990) developed a set of goals and standards for PE

• The published outcomes became a consensus statement that defined a “physically educated person”

• Established a content standard for PE programs in schools

• Established teacher-friendly guidelines for assessment

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other ImportantCurriculum Influences

• Movement Education a.k.a. Human Movement philosophy• Purpose

• teach student to move effectively• become aware of meaning of movement as

participant and observer• gain/apply knowledge that governs human

movement

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other ImportantCurriculum Influences, cont’d

• Health-related physical education (Fitness model)• Purpose

• influence a physically active lifestyle that prevents hypokinetic diseases

• Academic Integration Model (kinesiological studies blend)• Purpose

• provide information and strategies for incorporating knowledge in all aspects of the classrooms

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other ImportantCurriculum Influences, cont’d

• Social Development Model (Humanistic education)• Purpose

• help young people better cope with a complex social world through a 5-level progression system (see pp.62-64)

• Sport Education Model (Play education)• Purpose

• playful competition through 5 different sport seasons

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other ImportantCurriculum Influences, cont’d

• Adventure Education Approach (Adventure activities)• Purpose

• education through outdoor and wilderness activities which involves some aspect of risk

• Eclectic Curriculum (mixture of curriculum models)• Purpose

• offer a large variety of activities to ensure a quality program

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Physical Education for Students with Disabilities

• Roots go back to the 1920’s when students stricken from 1915-17 polio epidemic entered public schools

• Needed for rehabilitation purposes• Federal laws have created further growth

(i.e., 1990 American with Disabilities Act)• PL 94-142 singled out Physical Education

for disabled population• 3 types of programs

1. Adapted2. Corrected3. Developmental

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

State Requirements for Physical Education

• No federal laws require Physical Education to be taught in schools

• Each state has its own definition regarding PE mandate

• Individual schools interpret each state’s mandate

• State laws and guidelines are weak for Elementary levels compared to further grades

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Significant Changes that Affect Physical Education Curriculum

• Liability

• Title IX