© 2002 the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. english brushup, 3e john langan extending the skills:...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
English Brushup, English Brushup, 3E3EJohn LanganJohn Langan
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
Chapters 28-30Chapters 28-30
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
Special Uses of the Apostrophe
Use an apostropheapostrophe and an s s to form the plurals of each of the following:
1. Letters. (Jedd always got A’s in Spanish.) 2. Numbers. (My address has many 8’s in it.)3. Words used as words. (The chorus of that song
has a lot of baby’s in it.)
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
Do Not Use The Apostrophe
• Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives do not use apostrophes.
– We can recognize an Appaloosa by its distinct spots.
– The spurs are ours.
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
Special Uses of Quotation MarksSpecial Uses of Quotation MarksTo set off To set off special words or phrases from from
the rest of a sentence.the rest of a sentence.Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy
bar and a bag of corn chips.bar and a bag of corn chips.
To To mark a quote within a quote. For this . For this purpose, use single quotes.purpose, use single quotes.Jamie said, “My favorite short story is Jamie said, “My favorite short story is
‘Twirling’ by Carolyn Murphy.”‘Twirling’ by Carolyn Murphy.”
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
Quotation Marks and Other PunctuationQuotation Marks and Other Punctuation•Periods and commas at the end of a quotation always go INSIDE the quotation marks.
•Semicolons and colons at the end of a quotation always go OUTSIDE the quotation marks.
•Question marks and exclamation points go OUTSIDE the quotation marks only if they apply to the entire sentence. Otherwise, they go INSIDE.
Ex.: Frank wondered, “Where is the ship taking Ex.: Frank wondered, “Where is the ship taking us?”us?”Ex: What will happen when I say, “Shazam”?Ex: What will happen when I say, “Shazam”?
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
SEMICOLON (;)SEMICOLON (;)• Use the semicolonsemicolon to join items in a series
when the items contain commas.
I packed up all my birthday presents: the I packed up all my birthday presents: the model airplane, which my brother gave me; model airplane, which my brother gave me; the new mystery novel, which was from my the new mystery novel, which was from my Aunt Rose; and the stereo system, which my Aunt Rose; and the stereo system, which my parents gave me. parents gave me.
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
HYPHEN (-)1 . Put a hyphen between two parts of a
fraction.The stereo is now one-half off.The stereo is now one-half off.
2. Hyphenate compound numbers between twenty-one and ninety-nine.
It will cost seventy-one dollars to repair the glass.It will cost seventy-one dollars to repair the glass.
3. Use a hyphen after the prefixes all-, ex-, and self-.
There’s your ex-girlfriend. She’s so self-centered.There’s your ex-girlfriend. She’s so self-centered.
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
DASH (--)
• Use the dashdash to signal the end of a list.
Two exams, an essay, an oral quiz, and a Two exams, an essay, an oral quiz, and a presentation--and that’s just what I have to presentation--and that’s just what I have to do before finals start. do before finals start.
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
PARENTHESIS ( )PARENTHESIS ( )• Use parentheses to set off extra or incidental
information from the rest of a sentence.In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda
fountain) has become a meeting place for friends.fountain) has become a meeting place for friends.
NOTE:NOTE: Sometimes parentheses enclose letters or numbers that signal items in a series.
SPECIAL NOTE:SPECIAL NOTE: DO NOT USE PARENTHESES TOO OFTEN. They can make you sound uncertain or hesitant.
English Brushup, 3E© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Extending the Skills: Punctuation
UNDERLINE• UnderlineUnderline the titles of long works:
– books (The Sun Also Rises)
– magazines (Newsweek)
– newspapers (USA Today)
– movies (Titanic)
– plays (Death of a Salesman)
– television series (The Simpsons)
– record albums (Nevermind)
NOTE: Printed material can use italics instead of underlining.