© 2002 micro & nanotechnologies for displays and data storage in portable systems: a quick...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2002
Micro & Nanotechnologies for displays and data storage in portable systems:
a quick overview
Broadband 02, Bucharest
Dr. Eric Mounier
YOLE DEVELOPPEMENT
© 2002 • 2
Trends in Flat Panel Displays
The market shares of the Flat Panel Displays is increasing:• World market of $100 billion in 2005 (SEMI)
Two needs:• Large displays with low resolution• Microdisplays with large resolution (portable systems):
- Laptop, mobile phones, PDA, e-book, GPS, watches, smart card, electronic tags …
Today, LCDs dominate the FPD market : • 89 % of the FPD market in 2000 (laptop, PDA, mobile phones)
© 2002 • 3
Competitive technologies
• Non-microsystems technologies:– LCD: a mature and established technology– OLED are being developed and is competing with the conventional
LCD technology • Players: Sanyo (availability in 2003), CDT (UK)
• Microsystems technologies (integrating µoptical, µelectronical, µmechanical features in the µm range):– Micro-mirror arrays or MMAs– Grated Light Valves or GLVs– Liquid Crystal on Si or LCOS– Field Emission Dispalys or FED
© 2002 • 4
LCD
Future applications :
• Mobiles phones (422 millions of units in 2006, Stanford Resources)
• Automotive Displays for new multimedia applications (25 millions of units in 2006)
• Current development of flexible LCD (150 m) by Philips Research andToshiba (commercialization planned in 2004).
© 2002 • 5
An improvement to the LCD: the BiNEM Technology
• The BiNem® technology is the latest generation of LCD technology keeping display content without any power supply– The BiNem® technology has a very high performance level : excellent
contrast, very wide viewing angle and neutral colorimetry.
• Potential applications in smart cards, e-tags
• Player: Nemoptic (www.nemoptic.fr)
© 2002 • 6
OLEDs
Market forecast : 2.5 billion $ in 2005 (DisplaySearch)
Applications : Mobiles phones, PDA, TV screens, smart cards
Technical advantages compared to LCD• Thickness, weight, consumption, low response time and large display angle, flexible screens are possible• Brightness : 200 cd/m2 (10 000 h lifetime for blue emitting)• Low cost
Drawbacks • Water and oxygen sensitive (packaging issue)
© 2002 • 7
Microsystems technologies: MMA, GLC
• Si array of Al µmirrors which can be rotated • Integrated MST devices over a CMOS circuit• First in the market for portable projection systems (Texas Instruments)• High switching speed• New applications: front projection systems for cinemas, movie
• Electrostatic-actuated array of ribbons• Surface micromachining• Each element can reflect or diffract light• Silicon Light Machines’ proprietary technology
A pixel is bright or dark on the projection screen according to
the mirror tilt
Two directions switching. A linear scanner is needed for µdisplaying
© 2002 • 8
Microsystems technologies: LCOS, FEDs
• Combination of a CDT and a low-power cold cathode• Monochromatic screen• High cost & packaging issues• Low response time/LCD• Emerging use of carbon nanotubes for:
• Better electron emission with lower voltage• Prototype 40’’ screen from Ise International (JP) in 2002
• Combination of IC and LC technologies• Reflective LCOS have high brightness, virtual no pixellisation and electronics integration
Reflective LCOS
© 2002 • 9
FPDs’ characteristics
843x480(42 inches)80 p/cm2
350 : 1
3 W(10”)
200 : 1
2 W(10”)
640x480(10 inches)950 p/cm2
eMagin :12x9 mm47 000 p/cm2
1000 : 1
Contrast
Consumption
Pixellisation
LCD FEDOLEDPlasma
Displays Panels
200 cd/m2 70 cd/m2200 cd/m2 600 cd/m2
1000 : 1
1 600x1 024(22 inches) 1 100 p/cm2
2 W(5.5”, Sanyo-Kodak)
1000 W(61”)
Brightness
µdisplays
© 2002 • 10
Microdisplays roadmap
2005 2010 2015
Liquid Crystal Display (TFT- LCD)
Organic LED Display (OLEDs)
Digital Light Processing : Digital Micromirror Device (MMAs)
Field Emission Displays (FEDs) using CNT
2000
LCOS
FEDs
• According to Nexus, the microdisplays market will grow from $ 150 million in 2 000 to $ 2 700 million by 2005
• Depending on the technologies, applications will be direct view, front projection, rear view or near eye
© 2002 • 11
Evolution of the needs in data storage
New applications and services lead to data storage increase:– E-Medicine, video on request, interactive 3D video, genome
database, biometric data base (finger prints) …
And new technologies are developed:– Magnetic storage is the most used technology today and Thin Film
Heads have increasing performances– But superparamagnetic effect limit could be reached (60 – 70 Gb/in²
is the limit)– Other technologies are currently developed to reach 100 Gb/in² in
2005: • Optical technologies:
– Holography– Blue laser
• Nanotechnologies:– Nanomechanical storage– Atomic resolution storage (the quantum level of an atom becomes the
storage media; HP + Darpa project; Objective: 1 Tb/in2 in 2007) …
© 2002 • 12
Applications roadmap
Applications
E- Medicine
Video mail
Library
WAN
Network access
Network access
LAN
Fiber
1- 100 TB
10 Gb/s
Personal database
Data warehousing
Video discs
HDTV video
Video server
3D video
Interactive 3D video
2000
PORTABLE 5 GB
0.1- 10 TB
200 Mb/s
10 GB
50-100 Mb/s
10 GB/s
LAN 150 Mb/s
2005
50 GB
2010
500 GB
1- 100 TB
50 Gb/s
10- 1000 TB
100 Gb/s
1- 50 TB
500 Mb/s
10- 100 TB
1 Gb/s
600 Mb/s
100 GB
100- 250 Mb/s
1 TB
1 Gb/s
Source OITDA
50 GB/s 250 GB/s
© 2002 • 13
An example of optical technologies: blue laser diodes, the challenge
• 9 major players have prepared specifications for the next generation of optical disk: « Blue-ray Disc » based on blue-violet laser diode– Players are: Hitachi, LG,
Matsushita, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony and Thomson.
• Capacity: 27 Go for 1 single side disk.
© 2002 • 14
Blue laser diodes, state of art
• Today, only Nichia (J) is commercializing blue laser semiconductor based on GaN grown on sapphire. Its life-time is approximately 15.000 hours for 30 mW power, which is compatible DVD applications.
• Outsiders are:– Sony (J): 15.000 hours (not commercialized)
– Cree (US): 1000 hours– Xerox (US): 100 hours – Samsung (K): 2 hours– Osram (D)– NTT, Toyoda Gosei, Sharp have demonstrators
• Prices remain very confidential and appears to be not compatible with high volume production of appliances today (Nichia: 1500 € / chip in 2000)
© 2002 • 15
An example of nano-device: the Millipede (IBM)
• High-density data storage system based on AFM:– Thermomechanical storage: Tiny
depressions melted by an AFM tip into a polymer medium represent stored data bits that can then be read by the same tip
• Densities in the hundreds of Gb/in² range
• The read/write head consists of an array of more than 1 000 thermomechanical probes, fabricated on a single silicon chip using VLSI microfabrication techniques
• Packaging issue ?
© 2002 • 16
Technical characteristics
Holography Blue laser Nano-mechanical
Magnetic
Storage density 100 Gb/in² 20 Gb/in² 150 Gb/cm²
400 to 500 in the future
100 Gb/in²
300 in the future
Data transfer speed
20 to 40 Mo/s 33 Mb/s 60 kb/s 256 Mb/s
Applications Data bank HD DVD Portable systems Hard Disk
Some manufacturers
InPhase Technologies
Nichia, Hitachi, Matsuschita, Sony, Pioneer, Sharp
IBM Research Fujitsu, IBM, Seagate
Technoloy maturity
? Available 2004 Prototype Mature technology
© 2002 • 17
Technologies roadmap
Optoelectronic technologies
2000 2005 2010 2015
DVD recordable
(18 Go today)
Technologie Blue-Ray Disc
Sharp, TDK: 200 Go planned
Holographic storage
(3D)
Colossal Storage Corp. project:
(atomic holographiy recoding) density : 200
Tbits/in2
Other Technologies (magnetic, MO..)
2000 2005 2010 2015
Atomic resolution storage (1 000 Gbits/in2)
(reading by electronic, optical beam)
(HP, Darpa)
Heat-assisted magnetic recording (1 000 Gbits/in2
planned)
Perpendicular magnetizationAFM storage
( Millipede IBM project)
Superparamagnetic effect (2005) 60 gbits/in2 (source IBM)
© 2002 • 18
Conclusions• Today, portable applications are driving micro and nanotechnologies developments• Some challenges are :– Development of high resolution microdisplays with low consumption– Increase of data storage capacity
• Micro-displays technologies:– OLED– Micro-mirrors– FED w/ CNT
• Data storage.– Read/Write heads is still the main MST market: more than 13 billion $ in 2005– Nano-thermomechanical system using arrays of AFM tips.
• Hundreds of Gb/in² could be achieved.
– But the magnetic limit is not yet reached !
© 2002 • 19
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