© 2001 dfki gmbh -1- ontoviz tab; xml tab; rdf backend; flora query tab; oil support;...

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -1-

OntoViz Tab;XML Tab; RDF Backend;

Flora Query Tab; OIL Support;Protégé-related Projects at DFKI

Michael Sintek

SMI & DFKI GmbH Kaiserslautern

http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sintek/

[email protected]

5th Intl. Protégé WorkshopNewcastle, 16-18 July, 2001











Overview

• OntoViz Tab: ontology visualization

• XML Tab: importing and exporting XML data

• RDF Backend

• Flora Query Tab: querying with F-Logic

• OIL Support

• Protégé-related Projects at DFKI


The OntoViz Tab

Visualization ofProtégé-2000 Ontologies


OntoViz ...

• is a tab for visualizing Protégé-2000 ontologies

• can also be used to visualize ontology parts and

instances

• can display slots and slot edges

• is highly configurable, e.g.:• specify vicinity of classes/instances via “closure operators”

like subclasses, superclasses, reachable frames, ...

• colors of nodes and edges


OntoViz: Installation

• OntoViz uses the open source Graphviz tool from

AT&T which must be installed separately (available

for Windows and Unixes)

• the path to the Graphviz tool must be specified as an

entry in Protégé’s protege.properties file

• use Project | Configure... | Tab Widgets to activate

the OntoViz tab in a project

• see the README which is part of the distribution for

full details


OntoViz: A Simple Example

click on “C” button to create graph


OntoViz: Configurationconfiguration on a per class/instance

basisshow class

Content

showsubclasse

s

show

slots


OntoViz: Configuration of Individual Classes and Instances

• Options for configuring individual classes and instances

• sub subclass closure• sup superclass closure• slx slot extension• isx inverse slot extension• slt slots• sle slot edges• ins instances• sys system frames


OntoViz: Configuration of Individual Slots

• Options for configuring individual classes and instances

• sub subclass closure• sup superclass closure• slx slot extension• isx inverse slot extension• slt slots• sle slot edges• ins instances• sys system frames

configuration of color(and direction) of

slot edges

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -10-

OntoViz: Global Options

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -11-

Protégé’s XML Tab

Importing and Exporting XML Data

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -12-

A Very Short Introduction to XML

• XML is used to model (semi-)structured data:

<Customer id=“1234”> <Name> <FirstName>Bill</FirstName> <LastName>Buckram</LastName> </Name> <Cardnum>234 ...</Cardnum></Customer>

• <tag>...</tag> is called element• <tag/> is a self-closing element

(equivalent to <tag></tag>)

tag name attribute

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -13-

XML Import Strategy

• tag/element names become class names, except “leaves” which become slots

• example:<Customer>

<Name>

<FirstName>Bill</FirstName>

<LastName>Buckram</LastName>

</Name>

<Cardnum>234 ...</Cardnum>

</Customer>

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -14-

Example (Import):Book Order

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -15-

XML Export Strategy

• instances:• unreferenced instances become top level elements (cyclic

references are handled)• classes and slots become tag names• objects that are referenced more than

once are shared/reused with id/idref

• ontology:• as simple XML tree, RDF schema, XOL, … (future work)

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -16-

Example (Export):Newspaper Instances

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -17-

Example: Newspaper Ontology As XML Tree

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -18-

Protégé’s RDF[S] Backend

Importing and Exporting RDF Schema Ontologies and RDF Instance Data

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -19-

A Very Short Introduction to RDF

• RDF = Resource Description Framework• RDFS = RDF Schema: class and property definitions (ontology)• RDF model = directed graph = set of statements of the form

<subject, predicate, object> where subject, predicate, and objects are resources (objects can also be literals)

• Example: <http://.../Lassila, Creator, “Ora Lassila”>

• RDF in XML syntax:<rdf:RDF> <rdf:Description about="http://www.w3.org/Home/Lassila"> <s:Creator>Ora Lassila</s:Creator> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -20-

RDF[S] Backend: Overview

• allows import and export of RDF[S] knowledge bases• can be used as an alternative to the standard text

backend• Protégé-specific extensions (allow full round trip)• plain RDF[S] also supported• full namespace and namespace abbreviation support

(included projects may have different namespaces)• uses Sergey Melnik’s rdf-api tool which is used by

most Java-based RDF applications

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -21-

RDF[S] Backend: Example

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -22-


• Classes and properties (RDFS file):...<rdfs:Class rdf:about="&mv;MotorVehicle">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&rdfs;Resource"/></rdfs:Class><rdfs:Class rdf:about="&mv;MiniVan">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&mv;PassengerVehicle"/><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&mv;Van"/>

</rdfs:Class>

<rdf:Property rdf:about="&mv;registeredTo” a:maxCardinality="1"><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&mv;MotorVehicle"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource="&mv;Person"/>

</rdf:Property>...

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -23-


• Instances (RDF file):

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?><!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [

<!ENTITY rdf 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'> <!ENTITY mv 'http://protege.stanford.edu/mv#'>

]><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="&rdf;”

xmlns:mv="&mv;"><mv:Truck rdf:about="&mv;test3_INSTANCE_00003">

<mv:registeredTo rdf:resource="&mv;test3_INSTANCE_00004"/></mv:Truck><mv:Person rdf:about="&mv;test3_INSTANCE_00004”

mv:name="Ora Lassila"/></rdf:RDF>

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -24-

The Flora Query Tab

Querying Protégé-2000With F-Logic

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -25-

Flora Query Tab

• Flora is an XSB-based F-Logic (Frame Logic)

• Protégé knowledge base is exported as F-Logic program (including axioms and queries)

• precompiled queries can now be executed in an XSB/Flora “sub-process”

• list of answers is shown in Protégé (if answers are instances)

• can also be used to model constraints (queries must/must not fail if knowledge base is consistent/inconsistent)

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -26-

Flora Query Tab: Simple Example

query

Flora interaction

resultsrun query

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -27-

Flora Query Tab: Transformation of Protégé Classes and Instances Into F-Logic

• classes:'Newspaper'::':THING'['Prototype'=>'Prototype_Newspaper'; 'Contents'=>>'Content'; 'Date'=>string; number_of_pages=>integer].

• instances:instance_00083:'Newspaper'['Contents’->>{instance_00035,instance_..., ...}; 'Prototype'->instance_00078; number_of_pages->148; 'Date'->'08/23/97'].

subclass of

instance of

type

values

=>, -> single valued

=>>, ->> multiple valued

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -28-

Flora Query Tab: Parameters and Axioms

axiomsparameter

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -29-

Protégé’s OIL Support

Modeling OIL Ontologies with Protégé-2000

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -30-

Protégé’s OIL Support: Overview

• OIL = ontology inference layer

• ontologies defined via class expression inclusions and equalities

• class expressions are built with logical connectives (and, or, not)

and slot restrictions (exists, forall, cardinality restrictions)

• axioms: disjoint, disjoint cover etc.

• Protégé’s OIL support:

• Protégé’s way to define ontologies for normal cases

• metaclasses/metaslots allow complicated expressions

• special widgets for displaying OIL expressions (future version: also for editing)

• connects to FaCT description logic classifier for classification and satisfiability

checking

• generates SHIQ LaTeX output

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -31-

Supported Subset of OIL

• Protégé supports the following subset of OIL:

• class definitions with subclass and slot constraints (property restrictions)

with

• class expressions: and, or, not, class[names], slot constraints, top, and bottom

• slot constraints: has-value, value-type, max-cardinality, min-cardinality, cardinality

• missing: concrete-type-exp, filler-exp

• slot definitions:

• subslot-of, inverse (using Protégé's inverse slot mechanism), domain, range

• properties (transitive, symmetric, functional)

• global axioms (disjoint, covered, disjoint-covered, equivalent)

• missing: instance-of, related

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -32-

Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example

complex expressions (shownwith special widget):

“a herbivore eats plants andparts of plants”

class hierarchy notcompletely modeled

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -33-


“giraffe isa herbivore”

“tasty-plant is not satisfable”

start classificationwith FaCT

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -34-


lion and giraffeare now correctly

classified

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -35-

Protégé as OIL Editor: SHIQ LaTeX Output

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -36-

Protégé-2000-related Projects at DFKI(German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence)

http://www.dfki.de/

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -37-

DFKI is based in Kaiserslautern and Saarbrücken

Kaiserslautern Site

DFKI GmbHErwin-Schrödinger-StraßeD-67608 Kaiserslautern

Tel.: 0631 205 3214Fax.:0631 205 3210

email:[email protected]

Saarbrücken Site

DFKI GmbHStuhlsatzenhausweg 3D-66123 Saarbrücken

Tel.: 0681 302 5252Fax.: 0681 302 5341email: [email protected]

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -38-

Protégé-2000-related Projects at DFKI Kaiserslautern

• FRODO

• “RDF Actions”: Protégé as ontology server

• music ontology

• KnowWork

• CLOCKWORK

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -39-

FRODO

• A Framework for Distributed Organizational Memories

• http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/frodo/

• funded by bmb+f (German government)

• topics:• context support and process-knowledge evolution based on weakly

structured workflows

• scalability and cooperation between distributed OM societies

• information support by integrated formal / informal reasoning on multiple sources

• Protégé-2000 used• to model ontologies (goal: building up shared conceptualizations!)

• as knowledge base backend

• to import/export RDF[S]

http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/frodo/









© 2001 DFKI GmbH -40-

FRODO: RDF Actions

• Goal: use Protégé-2000 as ontology/kb server

• communication with foreign software components (agents) via RDF messages

• RDF Actions: send actions like “create class”, “attach slot” etc. to build up kbs (future version: queries)

• Protégé-2000 was used to model most of its own API calls; actions are instances of this ontology

• RDF[S] backend used to interpret these actions

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -41-

RDF Actions: System Architecture

Action Ontology (RDFS)

Protégé-2000ActionTab

Project (without GUI)

ActionMachine

Project

Protégé API

Protégé API

Actions/Messages (RDF)P

ort

TCP/IP

Foreign Software Components,

Agents

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -44-

FRODO: Music Ontology

• ongoing master’s theses

• internet portal for music

• music ontology for navigation and as background

knowledge to enhance search process

• since the ontology is expected to be quite stable, it is

exported as RDFS file and imported from the portal

software

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -46-

KnowWork

• bmb+f project (German government)

• knowledge management for construction, production, and (technical) sales (area: mechanical engineering)

• Protégé used to model various ontologies:• information ontology

• classes for documents (invoice, cad drawing, ...)

• organizational ontology• company organization structure

• processes

• domain ontology (products etc.)

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -47-

Protégé Modeling ofFrequency Converters in the

CLOCKWORK Project*

*Creating Learning Organisations with Contextualised Knowledge-rich WORK artefacts

DFKI: H. Boley, A. Bernardi, D. Höh, A. Mlik, S. PollmannELOTHERM: D. Stahl, R, Jürgens, A. Seitzer

ELOMAT Frequenz-Umrichter fürindustrielleElektrowärme undSonderanwendungen.

PraxisgerechtesProgramm modularerUmrichtertypen.

ELOMAT FrequencyConverters forindustrial heating andspecial applications.

Practical program of modular converter types.

Frequenz-UmrichterFrequency converters

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -49-

Maintenance Report

Type Remark

Machine 222B standard

Generator C30 fusebroken

Filter

Checked fusesChanged fuse of C-Generator

Word-processor-based reports

<?xml version="1.0"?><service-instance> <rdf:RDF>. . .</rdf:RDF> <machine type="222B"> <generator type="C30" fault="fuseC"/> <filter/> </machine> <repair replace="fuseC"/></service-instance>

X M L repository

con-ver-ter

Database

CEDAR

AnnotatedHTMLdocumentpublishing

Formattedrelationaldata

style-sheets

Protégé-2000

FRODO agents Retrieval and inference

meta data

q u e r i e s

the-sau-rus

Ontology modeling

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -50-

• For indexing free texts of ELOTHERM´s engineers reports, we build a taxonomy

• Problem: Free texts contain many synonyms (homonyms etc.) for which standard terms (disambiguated etc.) must be introduced

• Solution: Synonyms linked to taxonomy of standard terms used as an index for the reports

Free-text Taxonomy: Design

© 2001 DFKI GmbH -51-

• Knowledge acquisition via Protégé

• Taxonomy consists of class hierarchy, slots, and instances

• Working on association of free-text taxonomy with machine model (partonomy plus error hierarchy)

Free-text Taxonomy: Realization

© 2001 dfki gmbh -1- ontoviz tab; xml tab; rdf backend; flora query tab; oil support;...

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