CHAPTER 16

WESTWARD

1860: 4 mil.

MANIFEST DESTINY

Uniqueness

Oregon Trail?

FRONTIER

Farming

Mining Gold, 1848

Levi Strauss

TOWNS

Gambling, alcohol, prostitutes

MINING

CA Culture, diversity Population ++

Natives?

Albert Bierstadt became one of the first artists to capture on enormous canvases the vastness and rugged terrain of Western mountains and wilderness. Many other artists joined Bierstadt to form the Rocky Mountain School. In time, the camera largely replaced the paintbrush, and most Americans formed an image of these majestic peaks from postcards and magazine illustrations. SOURCE:Albert Bierstadt.Merced River,Yosemite Valley , 1866 . Oil on canvas,4.36’ x 50”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.Gift of the Sons of William Paton,1909 (09.214.1). Photograph © 1982 The

Metropolitan Museum of Art.

AGRIBUSINESS

CA Produce

CATTLE

1880: 2 million

COWBOYS

Vaqueros?

Spanish/Mexico

Young, temporary

WOMEN

Prostitutes Brothels:

Commercial sex Segregated

Different levels

Daily life

Madams: entrepreneurs Significance?

BORDERLANDS

Mexicans

Culture

CHINESE

Why?

Mines, railroads Central Pacific

“Chinaman’s chance”

S.F.

Manufacturing

Gambling, opium S.F.

CHINESE WOMEN

Prostitutes

1870 census: 3,536 67% prostitutes

$$$

JAPANESE

Late 1880’s

Hawaii, then U.S.

COMMUNITIES

Churches, schools

Tongs – Chinese 1852, CA

Industry ++

SOUTH

Tobacco cigarettes

Coca Cola Dr. John Pemberton

SOFT DRINK DIFFERENCES

Figure 5-8

A. G. Bell

T. Edison

$$$ +++

CONSUMER GOODS

Mail order Sausage, pancake flour, oatmeal Sears

Stores A&P, Woolworth

DEPARTMENT STORES

Macy’s – N.Y. Emporium – S.F.

CITIES

1900, 40% lived in cities ???

Crowded, dirty

TENEMENT HOMES

CITY LIFE

Sports, parks NYC: Subway 1902

MIDDLE CLASS

MIDDLE CLASS

Suburbs

MIDDLE CLASS

Bicycle

ENTERTAINMENT

Clubs Budweiser, 1876 Ragtime

ENTERTAINMENT

Baseball 1850’s (Rounders) 1876, national league Outdoor “home” $$$

Professional, rules, regulations

Working class, alcohol

Football, boxing

WORKING / LOWER CLASS

Immigrants, Blacks Segregation Ethnic neighborhoods

Immigration?

Entrepreneurs, consumers

WORKING / LOWER CLASS

Conditions?

Child labor

SOCIAL LIFE

Tavern, saloon Working male

Amusement parks Coney Island, N.Y.

“frankfurters”

DATING

“dating” – 1896 Lower class Freedoms? Economics? “man’s” world

WORKING WOMEN

New jobs Clerical

Stereotypes? Sexual harassment