: 1) chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms and ions together
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:1) Chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms and ions together.
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2) Chemical structures or structural formulas are a graphical description of bond length and bond angle.
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3) Bonds can bend, stretch and rotate, and the chemical structure of a compound determines it properties.
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4) Atoms form bonds so that there is a stable electron configuration.
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5) Ionic bonds•Form between oppositely charged ions •Transfer of electrons
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•positive ions are called cations, negatively charged ions are called anions
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•Form networks of ions, NOT molecules•When melted or dissolved in water ionic compounds conduct electricity
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6) Covalent bonds: •One or more pairs of electrons are shared•Usually occur between non-metal atoms•Each line in a structural formula represents the sharing of one pair of electrons
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7) Metallic bonds: •Electrons move freely between metal atoms•Outermost energy levels overlap
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8) Polyatomic ions: •Groups of covalently bonded atoms that have a charge so they act like an ion•Denoted by parentheses in a formula•Many polyatomic ions contain oxygen •Amount of oxygen is used to determine the name – •more oxygen uses “-ate”, less oxygen uses “-ite”• example: NO3 = nitrate NO2 = nitrite
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Determine if the following would have ionic or covalent bonds. Explain your reasoning.
Magnesium Oxide MgO
Strontium Chloride SrCl2
Ozone O2
Methanol CH2OH
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Compound Names and Formulas: 1) Ionic compounds are named for their elements•The cation is identified by the element name•The anion is identified by an altered element
name
•Example: NaCl = sodium chloride• Ionic compounds have a charge of zero, so
oxidation numbers must be balanced
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Write formulas for the following ionic compounds:
Lithium oxide
Beryllium chloride Titanium (III) nitride
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2) Covalent compounds of two elements are named with numerical prefixes. •Example dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4
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Organic and Biochemical Compounds1) Organic compounds contain carbon and are covalently bonded.•Carbon atoms form up to FOUR covalent bonds •Compounds of just hydrogen and carbon are hydrocarbons
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2) A polymer is a molecule that is a long chain of similar molecules. •Examples: rubber, wood, starch, protein and DNA•Structure determines elasticity
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3) Biochemical compounds include carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA